Deck 4: Body Basics

Question 1

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant.When trying to determine the role of the chemical,the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves.She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism.Based on this information,the new chemical is a (an)________.

A)solution
B)ileum
C)enzyme
D)sphincter

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood.Based on this information,the substance is ________.

A)baking soda
B)egg white
C)black coffee
D)lemon juice

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ is a mineral nutrient.

A)Carbon
B)Hydrogen
C)Iron
D)Nitrogen

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

A)cell
B)organelle
C)atom
D)mitochondrion

Question 5

_____ is a mineral nutrient.

A)Nitrogen
B)Hydrogen
C)Oxygen
D)Calcium

Question 6

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

A)Gastric juice
B)Blood
C)Orange juice
D)Tomato juice

Question 7

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________.

A)bonds
B)solvents
C)bases
D)salts

Question 8

A(n)_____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

A)ion
B)enzyme
C)solvent
D)diatom

Question 9

Iron,calcium,and carbon are ________.

A)elements
B)compounds
C)bases
D)solvents

Question 10

In chemistry class,Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide.This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.

A)buffer
B)tissue
C)proton
D)salt

Question 11

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

A)organelle
B)organ
C)anion
D)electrolyte

Question 12

The atoms of a compound,such as sugar,are held together by ________.

A)active enzymes
B)basic solutes
C)chemical bonds
D)osmotic attractions

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Protons are negatively charged particles.
B)Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions.
C)Electrons are positively charged particles.
D)Matter is comprised of atoms.

Question 14

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes)a chemical reaction.

A)organelle
B)anion
C)enzyme
D)acid

Question 15

Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?

A)Spleen
B)Heart
C)Brain
D)Kidneys

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

A)An organelle is the smallest living component of the human body.
B)A cell is comprised of related tissues.
C)The body is comprised of organ systems.
D)Cells that have unrelated functions are organized into tissues.

Question 17

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution.Based on this information,the food is ________.

A)red wine
B)lemon juice
C)egg white
D)black coffee

Question 18

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of pure water but higher than the pH of gastric juice.Based on this information,the substance is ________.

A)baking soda
B)lemon juice
C)household ammonia
D)egg white

Question 19

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammoni A.Based on this information,the liquid is ________.

A)a baking soda solution
B)black coffee
C)lemon juice
D)milk

Question 20

Phosphorus,potassium,and sodium are ________.

A)compounds
B)electrons
C)elements
D)organelles

Question 21

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

A)hormones
B)bonds
C)lacteals
D)enzymes

Question 22

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

A)Chyme
B)Anatomy
C)Homeostasis
D)Metabolism

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true?

A)After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction,it can no longer function.
B)Enzymes can function as electrolytes.
C)Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions,such as pH and temperature.
D)Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.

Question 24

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts.To accomplish this task,she should ________.

A)add maltase to a solution that contains maltose
B)heat maltose until it decomposes
C)mix maltose with 10 ml of water to form a solution
D)combine maltose with copper and zinc ions

Question 25

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

A)The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts
B)Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise
C)Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine
D)Loss of body fat during a week of starvation

Question 26

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

A)Muscle mass enlargement that occurs after lifting weights
B)Bone growth that occurs during adolescence
C)Weight gain that occurs after 3 weeks of overeating
D)Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Question 27

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.

A)circulatory
B)urinary
C)integumentary
D)nervous

Question 28

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Bernetta ________.

A)develops numerous stomach ulcers
B)has trouble swallowing
C)cannot tolerate eating cold foods
D)digests food too rapidly

Question 29

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

A)Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty
B)Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights
C)Weight loss as a result of starvation
D)Weight gain as a result of overeating

Question 30

Libby was born without salivary glands.As a result of this condition,she ________.

A)digests food too rapidly
B)cannot tolerate eating cold foods
C)develops numerous stomach ulcers
D)has trouble tasting food

Question 31

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

A)endocrine
B)cardiovascular
C)urinary
D)integumentary

Question 32

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

A)production of red blood cells
B)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products
C)circulation of blood throughout the body
D)regulation of body activities

Question 33

An _____ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

A)enzyme
B)amp
C)electrolyte
D)atom

Question 34

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

A)Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine
B)The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts
C)Loss of body fat during a week of starvation
D)Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

Question 35

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

A)integumentary
B)endocrine
C)cardiovascular
D)nervous

Question 36

To make hot tea,Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it.She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep,then removes the teabag.Before drinking the tea,she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage.When added to the tea,the sugar is a ________.

A)solute
B)solvent
C)diffusion
D)buffer

Question 37

Devon adds a little salt to a pot of water before he boils the water to cook past A.When added to the water,the salt is a ________.

A)buffer
B)solute
C)diffuser
D)solvent

Question 38

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

A)colon
B)esophagus
C)mouth
D)liver

Question 39

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup,Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue.During the 24 hours that followed the injury,Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted ________.

A)meaty
B)sour
C)cold
D)sweet

Question 40

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

A)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products
B)transmission of nervous impulses
C)breakdown of food into nutrients
D)production of red blood cells

Question 41

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Pancreas
B)Liver
C)Gallbladder
D)Brain

Question 42

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into ________.

A)the lumen
B)lacteals
C)chylomicrons
D)the hepatic portal vein

Question 43

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

A)Breads and cereals made from refined enriched wheat flour
B)Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus
C)Fresh lean meat
D)Eggs laid by hens that consume organic feed

Question 44

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Tongue
B)Spleen
C)Pancreas
D)Liver

Question 45

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

A)lacteals within the villi
B)the gastroesophageal sphincter
C)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein
D)chyme

Question 46

After being absorbed,water-soluble nutrients such as glucose,fructose,iron,and vitamin C ________.

A)combine to form chylomicrons that can be stored in the liver
B)enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream
C)diffuse through the membrane of the intestinal cell and enter lymph
D)pass into the lacteal of the villus and are transported to the pancreas

Question 47

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

A)Biotin
B)Cholesterol
C)Zinc
D)Iron

Question 48

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

A)Yogurt
B)Legumes
C)Butter
D)Eggs

Question 49

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A)jejunum
B)colon
C)epiglottis
D)liver

Question 50

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has ________.

A)gallstones
B)aneurysms
C)colitis
D)constipation

Question 51

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his mouth cannot ________.

A)begin starch digestion
B)lubricate dry foods
C)begin fat digestion
D)absorb alcohol

Question 52

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his ________.

A)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine
B)hepatic portal vein can rupture
C)ability to digest proteins is reduced
D)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

Question 53

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

A)Biotin
B)Potassium
C)Sodium
D)Bile

Question 54

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

A)Eggs
B)Yogurt
C)Butter
D)Soybeans

Question 55

Chyme is the ________.

A)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells
B)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete
C)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream
D)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Question 56

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably ________.

A)uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods
B)digests foods too quickly
C)must eat refined functional foods
D)has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Diets that contain a lot of probiotics have been clinically proven to cure colon cancer.
B)Prebiotics are immature probiotics.
C)Prebiotics are harmful to gut microbiot

A)
D)Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine.

Question 58

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.

A)peristalsis
B)segmentation
C)lipolysis
D)gluconeogenesis

Question 59

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A)protein
B)alcohol
C)water
D)starch

Question 60

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A)neurons
B)lacteals
C)arteries
D)villi

Question 61

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________.

A)duodenum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)ileum

Question 62

For several years,Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation.According to Corey,his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods,especially raw fruit and baked beans.His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed.Based on this information,Corey probably has ________.

A)ulcerative colitis
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)Crohn's disease
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 63

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

A)Chyme
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Bile
D)Salivary amylase

Question 64

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
B)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
C)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
D)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

Question 65

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

A)Epiglottis
B)Tongue
C)Pharynx
D)Voice box

Question 66

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
B)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
C)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
B)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
C)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
D)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Question 69

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

A)Crohn's disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)Peptic ulcer

Question 70

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A)ileum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Question 71

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A)Pituitary
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Question 72

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

A)peptic ulcers
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)chronic constipation
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 73

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

A)Hydrochloric acid
B)Gastric juice
C)Bile
D)Mucus

Question 74

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A)colon
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)duodenum

Question 75

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she ________.

A)is taller than most children who are her age
B)has difficulty digesting food
C)is heavier than average for her height
D)absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients

Question 76

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

A)absorb vitamins more rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)develop gallstones.
D)lose weight rapidly

Question 77

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

A)homeostasis
B)essentiality
C)bioavailability
D)digestibility

Question 78

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
B)Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
C)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction.
D)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Question 79

Which of the following compounds is (are)secreted by the human stomach?

A)Saliva
B)Bile salts
C)Gastric juice
D)Chyme

Question 80

Feces form in the ________.

A)pyloric valve
B)esophageal sphincter
C)lower stomach
D)large intestine