Deck 2: Political Culture: Ideas in Conflict

Question 1

How does the text define subcultures?

A)Subcultures are created when political conflict arises.
B)Subcultures are groups that form outside of the public limelight.
C)Subcultures are expressions of the American Dream.
D)Subcultures are variations on the prevailing values and beliefs in a society.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Rules governing human behavior that are morally superior to laws made by government is the basis for __________.

A)natural law
B)federalism
C)socialism
D)oligarchies

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Under classical liberalism,the only restriction on an individual is not to __________.

A)interfere with the liberties of others
B)take a job for which one is not qualified
C)marry until age 18
D)make a contract with another person

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Capitalism is a system that may be seen as the economic equivalent of __________.

A)federalism
B)classical liberalism
C)communism
D)socialism

Question 5

Variations within in a political culture are manifested in ___________.

A)beliefs
B)goals
C)traditions
D)subcultures

Question 6

Classical liberalism is based on __________.

A)the idea that a large government is the best government
B)the inability of the masses to govern themselves
C)a laissez-fair economic approach
D)optimism about the potential of individuals

Question 7

How does the textbook define equality of results?

A)the belief that every person's vote counts equally
B)the belief that the laws should apply equally to all persons
C)the elimination of artificial barriers to success in life
D)the equal sharing of income and material rewards

Question 8

How can the contradiction between American values and actual conditions be seen in a positive light?

A)It cannot be seen in a positive light because it only functions to divide the political culture.
B)The existence of the gap between values and behavior becomes a motivation for change.
C)The contradiction forces individuals to speak out and participate in elections.
D)The media prefers to report on controversy,which has a positive effect on the economy.

Question 9

Only __________ competes with liberty as the most honored value in the American political culture.

A)wealth
B)loyalty
C)equality
D)bravery

Question 10

__________ was the most influential political ideology in the founding of the United States.

A)Classical liberalism
B)Conservatism
C)Populism
D)Socialism

Question 11

Can political conflict exist in American society? That is,if Americans hold views that are widely shared-about who should govern,for what ends,and by what means-can there really be conflict?

A)No,there cannot be conflict,because otherwise there would be no such thing as an American culture.
B)Political conflict exists only between political subcultures and religious factions.
C)Yes,there can be political conflict,and much of politics involves conflict over very fundamental values.
D)Yes,political conflict exists,but the Civil War was the time it had any effect on the United States.

Question 12

How does the text define beliefs?

A)Beliefs are common ideas about what is good and desirable.
B)Beliefs are shared ideas about what is true.
C)Beliefs are the equivalent of social truths.
D)Beliefs are unifying symbols and traditions.

Question 13

How does the text define values?

A)Values are the same as public opinion.
B)Values are shared ideas about what is true.
C)Values are shared ideas about what is good and desirable.
D)Values are strongly tied to religious beliefs.

Question 14

Which of the following concepts is shared by classical liberalism and capitalism?

A)the freedom to make contracts
B)the idea that natural law is above government law
C)the right to own property
D)the right to trade in a free market

Question 15

The term political culture primarily refers to __________.

A)commonly practiced norms of behavior
B)general values and beliefs regarding the political system
C)public opinion
D)unifying symbols and traditions

Question 16

Capitalism may be said to assume __________.

A)freedom of speech
B)free markets
C)a free press
D)the right to life

Question 17

Which of these philosophers had the greatest impact on the Founding Fathers?

A)Arthur Schopenhauer
B)Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
C)Karl Marx
D)John Locke

Question 18

Which of the following embodies variations in a political culture?

A)the U.S.Constitution
B)the judiciary system
C)the Declaration of Independence
D)political parties

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a contradiction between professed national beliefs and actual conditions in America?

A)widespread newspaper readership
B)private property ownership
C)the public school system
D)racial discrimination

Question 20

How does natural law influence the working of the U.S.Constitution?

A)Assumptions about natural law underlie the U.S.Constitution.
B)The details of natural law are enumerated in the U.S.Constitution.
C)Natural law is the body of law in the U.S.Constitution.
D)Reaction against the idea of natural law formed the U.S.Constitution.

Question 21

What aspect of American society was most striking to Alexis de Tocqueville?

A)class distinctions
B)commerce
C)egalitarianism
D)poverty

Question 22

If class consciousness increased,how would you expect class conflict to respond?

A)It would decrease.
B)It would disappear.
C)It would increase.
D)It would remain the same.

Question 23

Which of the following is a necessary condition for political equality?

A)a basic education
B)property ownership
C)full-time employment
D)the right to vote

Question 24

Which of the following would ensure that everyone in society ended his or her life in the same conditions?

A)economic opportunity
B)equality of opportunity
C)equality of results
D)guaranteed jobs

Question 25

A statistician divides American households into fifths by income and then compares the highest and lowest fifths.What can the statistician measure with this comparison?

A)distribution of income
B)equality of outcome
C)maximum income
D)minimum income

Question 26

Although Andrew grew up wealthy,as an adult he has become homeless and impoverished.Andrew's experience can be said to demonstrate __________.

A)class conflict
B)equality of opportunity
C)income inequality
D)income mobility

Question 27

Equality of opportunity may be seen as giving every citizen __________.

A)a guarantee of a minimum standard of living
B)a level playing ground
C)a promise of equal pay
D)a promise of social security

Question 28

A tax deduction for home mortgage interest promotes which value?

A)employment
B)basic education
C)political equality
D)home ownership

Question 29

What is the current trend in income distribution in the United States?

A)evenly distributed
B)heavily weighted to the center
C)increasingly equal
D)increasingly unequal

Question 30

Income equality is one way to measure __________.

A)the ability of the uneducated to earn a living
B)the distribution of well-being in a society
C)the gross domestic product per capita
D)the political equality in a society

Question 31

Which of the following statements correctly categorizes the current situation in the United States?

A)America is experiencing decreased income inequality but considerable income mobility.
B)America is experiencing increased income inequality but less income mobility.
C)America is experiencing decreased income inequality and less income mobility.
D)America is experiencing increased income inequality but considerable income mobility.

Question 32

Class consciousness can be eroded by __________.

A)class conflict
B)economic stratification
C)political parties
D)social mobility

Question 33

Aliens are described as being foreigners who are __________.

A)preparing to become citizens
B)in the country illegally
C)not citizens
D)non-English speaking

Question 34

Which of the following groups is the currently the largest minority in the United States?

A)African Americans
B)Asians
C)Hispanics
D)Native Americans

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the ability of a citizen to change his or her income or status?

A)class conflict
B)downward mobility
C)geographic mobility
D)social mobility

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of equality of results?

A)making sure all those who retire have the same income
B)making sure disabled children are accommodated in public schools
C)providing assistance for those injured in war
D)providing federal grants for scholarships

Question 37

Given greater social mobility,which of these would tend to decrease?

A)affluence
B)class conflict
C)equality of opportunity
D)income

Question 38

Which of the following was part of the gap between legal and political equality in 1787?

A)the distribution of wealth
B)the extension of voting rights
C)relations with Great Britain
D)the right to make contracts

Question 39

If you wanted to measure the well-being of a nation,which of these would be most useful?

A)average age of retirement
B)average income
C)distribution of income
D)gross domestic product

Question 40

What defines the group labeled Hispanic?

A)country of origin
B)immigration status
C)ancestry and culture
D)political affiliation

Question 41

Which of the following is most likely to dictate an American's attitude toward the relationship of religion to politics?

A)intensity of religious commitment
B)ethnicity
C)gender
D)age

Question 42

American immigration policy is a responsibility of the __________.

A)individual county governments
B)United Nations
C)national government
D)international community

Question 43

which of the following is the largest of the non-Christian religious affiliations of Americans?

A)Buddhist
B)Hindu
C)Jewish
D)Muslim

Question 44

Why do many employers oppose immigration reform in the United States?

A)Employers can frequently pay immigrants much less than other workers.
B)Most business owners are themselves first- or second-generation immigrants.
C)Immigrants are much harder workers than American citizens.
D)Hiring immigrants makes it easier for employers to export their goods overseas.

Question 45

how would you describe the general trend in immigration to the United States between the 1970s and today?

A)Immigration decreased slightly.
B)Immigration increased sharply.
C)Immigration increased slightly.
D)Immigration remained about the same.

Question 46

Use Figure 2.6 to determine which of the following statements best represents how Americans described themselves in political terms in 2010.

A)Americans are more likely to describe themselves as moderates or liberals.
B)Americans are less likely to describe themselves as conservative.
C)Most Americans describe themselves as conservative.
D)Most Americans describe themselves as liberals.

Question 47

LeBron in an American citizen from Ohio.He wishes to visit Germany.Which of the following would give LeBron a visa to allow him to enter Germany?

A)the German government
B)the United States government
C)the Ohio state government
D)the United Nations

Question 48

How does the text define secularism?

A)animosity for religious leaders in political life
B)animosity toward religion
C)the rejection of religion and its manifestations in public affairs
D)support for religion in both public and private life

Question 49

In politics,secularists are likely to be affiliated with which of these?

A)classical conservatism
B)classical liberalism
C)modern conservatism
D)modern liberalism

Question 50

The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 abolished __________ quotas for immigration.

A)gender
B)national origin
C)faith-based
D)employment

Question 51

Which of the following has been the biggest legal check on wholesale attempts to round up and deport illegal immigrants?

A)citizen rights
B)due process
C)refugee status
D)the right to a trial by jury

Question 52

One of the largest internal migrations in American history has been the migration of __________.

A)African Americans from the rural South to the urban North
B)Native Americans from the Great Plains to the Southeast
C)Hispanic Americans from the Midwest to the Southwest
D)Asian Americans from the Northeast to the Pacific Northwest

Question 53

What is the largest Hispanic subculture in the United States?

A)Venezuelans
B)Puerto Ricans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Cuban Americans

Question 54

Which of the following is required by secular politics?

A)a ban on all public displays of religion
B)greater cooperation between religion and government
C)a hands-off approach toward religion
D)a sharp divide between religion and government

Question 55

What is meant when amnesty is granted?

A)Citizenship is granted.
B)A crime is forgiven.
C)Immigration status is changed.
D)Legal protections are revoked.

Question 56

Where in the United States have most Hispanics traditionally lived?

A)the Midwest
B)the Northeast
C)the Pacific Northwest
D)the Southwest

Question 57

which of the following is the largest of the Christian religious affiliations of Americans?

A)Mormon
B)Catholic
C)evangelical Protestant
D)mainline Protestant

Question 58

A __________ is a document issued by a foreign country that allows a citizen of one nation to visit another.

A)birth certificate
B)passport
C)green card
D)visa

Question 59

How does the text define ideology?

A)a consistent and integrated set of political values and beliefs
B)a consistent and integrated system of ideas,values,and beliefs
C)the political culture that is characteristic of a given society
D)a set of beliefs based on religious affiliation

Question 60

Use Figure 2.7 to determine which of the following statements is true concerning ideology among professors.

A)The greatest percentage of professors describing themselves as conservative are in the physical and biological sciences.
B)The greatest percentage of professors describing themselves as "middle of the road" are in the fields of engineering and computer science.
C)The majority of professors in the health sciences describe themselves as conservative.
D)More professors in the humanities describe themselves as liberal than in any other discipline.

Question 61

Which of the following would support more government in social affairs and less government in economic affairs?

A)libertarians
B)modern conservatives
C)modern liberals
D)socialists

Question 62

The term "end of history" refers generally to the __________.

A)utter failure of capitalism to halt the rising growth of income inequity around the world
B)rise of religious fundamentalism and terror to advance extreme beliefs
C)collapse of communism and the worldwide movement toward free markets and political democracy
D)relative lack of interest most people have in current events and politics

Question 63

In fascism,who is given supreme power?

A)business interests
B)the individual
C)political parties
D)the state

Question 64

In what way does socialism differ from communism?

A)Unlike communists,socialists are committed to democracy.
B)Unlike communists,socialists are not troubled by income inequality.
C)Unlike communists,socialists embrace revolution as a way to replace capitalism.
D)Unlike communists,socialists assume the state is supreme over individuals.

Question 65

Your friend Connie tells you that she is a libertarian.You can fairly safely bet that she __________.

A)supports the decriminalization of marijuana
B)wants abortion to be illegal in all cases
C)favors government-sponsored health insurance
D)believes defense spending should be increased

Question 66

Increasingly,the trend in the mass media is to view America as a __________.

A)melting pot of cultures
B)mosaic of distinct cultures
C)uniform and stable culture
D)relatively monolithic culture

Question 67

Political assassinations and the forced resignation of a president are examples of conflict over fundamental values in America.

Question 68

Adele believes in a strong government that provides secure economic conditions and civil protections for the whole population.However,she does not think that government should "legislate morality." Which ideology best describes her views?

A)conservative
B)radical
C)libertarian
D)modern liberal

Question 69

Political sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset would disagree that __________ is a key component of American civic culture.

A)individual liberty
B)equality of result
C)free enterprise
D)egalitarianism

Question 70

Which of the following would support more government in the economy but not in social affairs?

A)libertarians
B)modern conservatives
C)modern liberals
D)socialists

Question 71

Who of the following is MOST likely to have liberal political views?

A)Stanley,a 75-year-old retiree
B)Bethany,a 22-year-old college senior
C)Anna,a 55-year-old registered nurse
D)Michael,a 60-year-old bus driver

Question 72

The political __________ generally refers to socialists and communists.

A)right
B)left
C)mainstream
D)majority

Question 73

The idea of natural law is diametrically opposed to the idea of capitalism.

Question 74

Currently,Marxism concentrates on __________.

A)advocacy of violent overthrow of the government
B)attacks on socialism
C)a critique of capitalism
D)the proletariat uprising

Question 75

A populist would most likely favor __________.

A)more government in both economic and social affairs
B)more government in economic affairs but less in social affairs
C)more government in social affairs but less in economic affairs
D)less government in both economic and social affairs

Question 76

Classical liberalism and capitalism overlap in one major area: the right to property.

Question 77

Classical liberal economics are centered on the freedom of an individual to pursue political interests.

Question 78

Which of the following groups is on the political right?

A)fascists
B)liberals
C)Marxists
D)socialists

Question 79

Values are widely shared views about who should govern,for what ends,and by what means.

Question 80

Which of the following would support less government in both economic and social affairs?

A)libertarians
B)modern conservatives
C)modern liberals
D)socialists