Question 1

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor why drug plateaus occur with medications. What is (are) the best response(s) by the nursing instructor? Select all that apply.&#10;A) &#34;It means that the client has developed resistance and needs another drug.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;It could be that all of the receptors for the drug are occupied.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;It may mean that the drug has brought 100% relief to the client.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It probably means that the drug is losing efficacy.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;It means that the client needs a higher dose of the drug.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Plateaus occur when all of the receptors for the drug are occupied, leading to no further effect from increasing the dose. Alternatively, it may mean that the drug has brought 100% relief to the client. Resistance may develop with some drugs, but it is not always the cause of plateaus. The drug may also maintain efficacy but reach a maximum level of effectiveness. Therefore, options A, D, and E are incorrect.

Question 2

The physician has ordered naltrexone (ReVia), a narcotic antagonist, for the client in rehabilitation who is a heroin addict. What best describes the effect on the client if he uses heroin in the rehabilitation facility?

A) The client will become angry and threaten to leave the facility.
B) The client will experience nausea and diarrhea.
C) The client will not experience the euphoric effect of heroin.
D) The client will start craving heroin again.

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is a narcotic antagonist, which means that it blocks the effect of narcotics such as heroin. If the client uses heroin while taking naltrexone, they will not experience the euphoric effect of heroin. This is because naltrexone prevents the heroin from binding to the opioid receptors in the brain.

Question 3

The nurse administers narcotics to surgical clients. Which statement represents the nurse's best understanding as it relates to the potency of different narcotics?&#10;A) Morphine is more potent than codeine; it will produce more adverse effects.&#10;B) Morphine is more potent than codeine; a lesser dose will be required.&#10;C) Codeine is less potent than morphine; it will not produce an allergic reaction.&#10;D) Codeine is less potent than morphine; it will not relieve pain as well.

Accepted Answer

Morphine is more potent than codeine, meaning that a lesser dose of morphine will achieve the same effect as a larger dose of codeine. This is important for the nurse to understand when administering narcotics to surgical clients as it can impact the amount of medication needed and the potential for adverse effects.

Question 4

The nursing instructor prepares to teach student nurses about how mean effective doses of medications are related to clinical practice. As a result of the instruction, what is the best understanding of the student nurses?

A) About 50% of clients will not experience any effect from the drug.
B) About 50% of clients will experience severe side effects from the drug.
C) Some clients will respond differently depending on their ethnic background.
D) Some clients will require more or less than the average dose of the drug.

Accepted Answer

Mean effective dose is the average dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of clients. This means that some clients will require more or less than the average dose of the drug. It does not indicate anything about the likelihood of side effects or differences based on ethnic background.

Question 5

The client receives antibiotics for a serious infection. The client asks the nurse &#34;Why don't you just give me more of that drug to cure this infection faster?&#34; What is the best response of the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;I will check with the doctor to see if it is time to increase the medication.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;You are at a maximum dose; taking more will not help.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;You are at a maximum dose; taking more will cause interactions with other medications.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;You must stay on this drug for two more weeks before it can be increased.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Taking more medication will not necessarily speed up the healing process and may actually cause harmful side effects. It is important to follow the prescribed dose and duration of antibiotics as directed by the healthcare provider.

Question 6

A male client of African descent was prescribed erythromycin, a sulfonamide, to treat his bacterial infection. The client comes to the emergency department. What will be a priority assessment of the nurse?

A) Assess the client's renal function tests.
B) Assess the client's urinary output.
C) Assess the client's level of red blood cells (RBCs).
D) Assess the client's liver function tests.

Accepted Answer

Sulfonamides can cause hemolytic anemia, especially in individuals of African descent due to the higher prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this population. This deficiency can lead to a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs) when exposed to certain drugs like sulfonamides, making it a priority to assess the client's RBC levels.

Question 7

The home health nurse notes that the elderly client doubled up on his pain medication, even though the prescribed dose was at a therapeutic level. The client says, "If one pill is good, two pills are better." Which statement best describes the result of the client's action?

A) The client develops tolerance and does not experience any difference.
B) The client exhibits side effects from the additional dose.
C) The client develops tolerance and will need increased doses of the drug.
D) The client experiences more pain relief from the additional dose.

Accepted Answer

Taking more than the prescribed dose of medication can lead to increased risk of side effects, such as dizziness, nausea, and respiratory depression in the case of pain medication. Doubling the dose does not necessarily lead to increased pain relief and can be dangerous. It is important for the client to follow the prescribed dose and speak with their healthcare provider if they have concerns about their medication regimen.

Question 8

The client was receiving haloperidol (Haldol), a dopamine antagonist. The psychiatrist changed the order to aripiprazole (Abilify), a partial dopamine antagonist. Which statement best describes the effect of the change of medication on the client?

A) The client experiences a greater reduction in symptoms.
B) The client is more compliant in taking his medication.
C) The client experiences fewer side effects.
D) The client experiences greater efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Aripiprazole is a partial dopamine agonist, which means it can stimulate dopamine production when needed but also block dopamine when there is an excess. This can result in fewer side effects compared to haloperidol, which completely blocks dopamine. However, it does not necessarily mean that the client will experience a greater reduction in symptoms or greater efficacy, as these outcomes depend on individual factors and may vary from person to person. Compliance with medication may not necessarily be affected by the change in medication either.

Question 9

Prior to administering medications, the student nurse reviews the therapeutic index. Which statement best describes the student's understanding of therapeutic index?&#10;A) The student is able to determine if the clients are receiving safe doses of the medications.&#10;B) The student is able to identify the clients who will need to have serum blood levels monitored.&#10;C) The student is able to identify interactions among the drugs each client is receiving.&#10;D) The student is able to determine if the physician prescribed the best drug for the client.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prior to administering medications, the student nurse...

Question 10

The client has had hypertension for many years. The physician orders a antihypertensive drug that has just come on the market. The nurse teaches the client that this drug works more effectively than his prior drug, and has fewer side effects. The client asks how this can be. What is the best response by the nurse? Select all that apply.

A) "Receptors tend to "burn -out", so newer drugs are required."
B) "Changing the response of the drug to protein receptor -complexes produces fewer side effects."
C) "It is a process of trial and error with receptors until the new drug proves effective."
D) "Research into receptors helps "fine -tune" drugs to be more effective."
E) "Newer drugs are altered to affect your cells' receptors in a different way."

Unlock Deck

Unlock for access to all 15 flashcards in this deck.

Unlock Deck

k this deck

Accepted Answer

Research into receptors helps in developing drugs that are more targeted and effective, and newer drugs are often designed to interact with receptors in a more specific manner, leading to improved efficacy and reduced side effects.

Question 11

The nurse is conducting medication education about the difference between potency and efficacy to a group of clients. The nurse correctly determines that learning has occurred when the clients makes which response?

A) "The best drug for us is the one with the highest potency."
B) "Drugs with the greatest efficacy will produce the least side effects."
C) "Low potency drugs have efficacy and do not produce side effects."
D) "The best drug for us is the one with the greatest efficacy."

Unlock Deck

Unlock for access to all 15 flashcards in this deck.

Unlock Deck

k this deck

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is conducting medication education about...

Question 12

The client and his wife receive the same medication for hypertension. The client's wife asks the nurse why she is receiving a higher amount of the medication. What is the best response by the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;Your hormones are different from your husband's, so you need more medication.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Everyone is unique and responds differently to medications.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;You have a greater percentage of body fat, so more medication is needed.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Females have a higher metabolism, so you need more medication.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client and his wife receive the...

Question 13

The nurse plans to teach a group of clients about how their medications work in their bodies. If education has been successful, what will be the best understanding of the clients?&#10;A) Medications help the body produce new enzymes.&#10;B) Medications change the function of the cells in the body.&#10;C) Medications change how body tissues function.&#10;D) Medications work by enhancing or blocking normal body functioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse plans to teach a group...

Question 14

A client looks up the drug he is taking in a drug guide. The client asks the nurse why the physician prescribed a medication that has a lethal dose measure. What is the best response by the nurse?&#10;A) &#34;All that means is that the drug could be lethal, but I will watch you for side effects.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;It is a value determined during research, which helps to determine the safe dose to give.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Don't worry about that, I'll have your doctor explain it to you.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It just refers to what is done in research; it is not used by doctors prescribing drugs.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client looks up the drug he...

Question 15

The student nurse has been reading about the Human Genome Project and asks the nursing instructor how this will impact future pharmacological therapies. What is the best response by the instructor?&#10;A) &#34;We will be able to alter genes so we will not need drugs.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;We will be able to standardize drug doses to make prescribing easier.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;It will help to individualize drug therapy for people in a more effective way.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It will help prevent disease through gene manipulation, but will not impact drugs.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The student nurse has been reading about...

Deck 5: Pharmacodynamics