Deck 10: Inquiry Methods and Fraud Reports

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a good thing to do during an interview?

A) Conduct the interview in private
B) Establish the purpose of the interview
C) Interview more than one person at once
D) Get a commitment for assistance

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Assessment questions seek to:

A) gain an admission.
B) find out specific details related to the fraud.
C) establish credibility of the respondent.
D) obtain facts previously unknown.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During which stage of the reactionary process is the most useful time to interview individuals who are dealing with fraud?

A) acceptance
B) bargaining
C) depression
D) anger

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good interviewer?

A) One who interrupts respondents as key issues are introduced
B) One who can get others to open up and share information
C) One who interviews in a highly formal/professional manner
D) One who indicates the expected answer during questioning

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of reaction to a crisis?

A) Denial, anger, rationalization, depression, acceptance
B) Rationalization, anger, depression, acceptance, denial
C) Denial, depression, anger, rationalization, acceptance
D) Rationalization, depression, anger, denial, acceptance

Question 6

Which of the following practices should interviewers avoid?

A) Taking detailed notes
B) Taping the interview with permission
C) Maintaining eye contact
D) Documenting the results

Question 7

Interviewers who use pacing are employing a form of .

A) kinetic communication
B) paralinguistic communication
C) chronemic communication
D) proxemic communication

Question 8

Which of the following is the last attempt of the affected group to return to the previous psychological equilibrium while reacting to a crisis?

A) Depression
B) Anger
C) Rationalization
D) Acceptance

Question 9

Interviewers should demonstrate all but which characteristic during interviews?

A) Be businesslike
B) Politeness toward the perpetrator
C) Courtesy
D) Admiration of the perpetrator

Question 10

Which of the following is the last stage in the model for understanding an individual's reaction to crisis?

A) Depression
B) Anger
C) Rationalization
D) Acceptance

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good interview?

A) The interview is of sufficient length and depth to get relevant facts
B) The interview focuses on pertinent information
C) The interview is conducted as far away from the event as possible
D) The interviewer avoids extraneous facts

Question 12

The most effective theme of interviewing is:

A) that help is being sought.
B) the motive for committing the fraud.
C) the fraud and how it evolved.
D) the suspect's involvement in the fraud.

Question 13

Which is NOT a verbal clue that would place suspicion on an interviewee?

A) Frequent reference to good character
B) Eagerness to end the interview
C) Avoidance of emotionally charged terms
D) Answering with a question

Question 14

Which of the following is something that an interviewee might do or feel while in the denial phase?

A) Insult, harm, or slander the interviewer
B) Attempt to justify the act of the fraud
C) Become sad, withdrawn, or lose interest in the environment
D) Fail to comprehend what has been said

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common inquiry method?

A) Graphology
B) Pencil-and-paper tests
C) Interviewing
D) Polygraphs

Question 16

What is meant by calibrating?

A) The use of interpersonal space to convey meaning
B) Process of observing behavior before critical questions are asked
C) The strongest response to a threatened ego
D) Reinforcement of the confessor's decision

Question 17

Interviewers can control the length of time after respondents finish a sentence before they pose another question. What is this called?

A) Theme development
B) Manipulator
C) Admission-seeking
D) Silent probe

Question 18

While reacting to crisis, an individual usually becomes withdrawn, uncooperative, or embarrassed in the stage.

A) denial
B) anger
C) rationalization
D) depression

Question 19

The use of body movement to convey meaning is called:

A) proxemic communication.
B) kinetic communication.
C) chronemic communication.
D) paralinguistic communication.

Question 20

Most nonverbal clues fall into one of four categories. Which is NOT one of those categories?

A) Paralinguistics
B) Kinetics
C) Catharsis
D) Proxemics

Question 21

Which of the following observations concerning pencil-and-paper honesty tests is true?

A) They are written tests that require elaborate answers.
B) They are used most frequently as crime-determining tools.
C) They are considered to be 90 to 98 percent accurate.
D) They are ideal for applicant screening.

Question 22

Identify an appropriate accusation in an effective admission-seeking interview.

A) We have reason to believe that you took company assets without permission. Do you agree?
B) We have clearly established that you made a false entry in the books.
C) We understand you may have taken money from a vendor.
D) We have been investigating the kickback fraud, and your responses so far indicate that you lied.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a verbal clue that someone may be lying?

A) Expressing reluctance to terminate the interview
B) Showing intolerance for shady conduct of others
C) Asking for the question to be repeated
D) Refusal to implicate other suspects

Question 24

Which of the following words should be avoided during the introductory phase of an interview?

A) Inquiry
B) Review
C) Interview
D) Shortage

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT considered a normal response to an ego threat?

A) Repression
B) Disapproval
C) Loss of status
D) Anger

Question 26

Probably the most common rationalization for criminal activity in general (and fraud in particular) is in fraudsters' attempts to .

A) be efficient
B) victimize others
C) gain sympathy
D) achieve equity

Question 27

Each of the following is a clue that an interviewee is dishonest EXCEPT:

A) interviewee's denials become more vehement as accusations are repeated.
B) interviewee requests that the interviewers obtain character testimony from other people.
C) interviewee refuses to implicate possible suspects.
D) interviewee frequently covers his/her mouth with hand or fingers.

Question 28

Use of all of the following methods will help an interviewer deal with difficult people, EXCEPT:

A) disarm the interviewee using surprise.
B) change tactics.
C) make it hard to say "no."
D) don't react.
E) try to reason.

Question 29

Which of the following refers to the use of time in interpersonal relationships to convey meaning, attitudes, and desires?

A) Chronemic communication
B) Paralinguistic communication
C) Kinetic communication
D) Proxemic communication

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of an admission-seeking interview?

A) There must be physical barriers preventing the target from leaving.
B) Private investigators must give Miranda warnings before this interview.
C) Attorneys should be present and be allowed to ask questions or object.
D) The interviewer should attempt to interrupt any denial.

Question 31

Which of the following refers to the use of interpersonal space to convey meaning?

A) Chronemic communication
B) Paralinguistic communication
C) Kinetic communication
D) Proxemic communication

Question 32

Which of the following elements is NOT true regarding a confession?

A) The confession can be changed in ink, with everyone's initials.
B) A written confession must be completely voluntary.
C) A written confession must contain elements of the fraudster's intent.
D) A written confession should be drafted by the confessor.

Question 33

In the sequence of reactions to a crisis, which is the most dangerous time in which to attempt to solve a fraud?

A) Denial
B) Anger
C) Depression
D) Rationalization

Question 34

All of the following are true concerning polygraphs EXCEPT:

A) polygraphs are more complicated than voice stress analyzers.
B) polygraphs rarely detect psychopathic liars.
C) individuals who pass polygraph tests are probably innocent.
D) investigators must inform suspects that they do not have to take a polygraph.
E) failure to pass a polygraph test implies certain guilt.

Question 35

Which of the following is an element of a leading question?

A) It is not easily understood.
B) It contains the answer in it.
C) It should not confirm known facts.
D) It is confusing and suggests an answer opposite to the correct one.

Question 36

In potentially volatile interviews it is best to:

A) have two interviewers conduct the interview.
B) use direct questions to illicit quick responses.
C) schedule the time for the interview well in advance.
D) take the hostility personally and respond forcefully.

Question 37

Which of the following involves the use of volume, pitch, and voice quality to convey meaning?

A) Chronemic communication
B) Paralinguistic communication
C) Kinetic communication
D) Proxemic communication

Question 38

Which of the following is the most efficient method to reduce the negative effects of the etiquette barrier of communication?

A) Showing a generally accepting and sympathetic attitude toward respondents
B) Telling respondents that information will be handled confidentially
C) Selecting an appropriate interviewer and a proper setting for the interview
D) Convincing respondents that the interview is a good use of their time

Question 39

Which response to ego threats is characterized by respondents not only refusing to admit information, but also refusing to admit the information inwardly?

A) Denial
B) Disapproval
C) Loss of status
D) Repression

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of an informational question that you should avoid?

A) "How are you doing this morning?"
B) "All right, so you started here in June 2003-after working for Caterpillar-to the best of your recollection?"
C) "Didn't you suspect that something wasn't right?"
D) "What are your duties here?"
E) "Please tell me about your job."

Question 41

Which of the following is true concerning signed statements?

A) Allow the confessor to draft the statement.
B) The statement's wording should be general.
C) Declarants should read and sign the statement without undue delay.
D) Two people are legally required to witness the signing of the statement.

Question 42

A person will generally confess when:

A) the interviewer repeatedly states that he or she is guilty.
B) they perceive the benefits of confession outweigh the penalties.
C) the accuser has evidence that the likelihood is high that the accused has committed an offense.
D) the accuser conveys that the accused is really a "good person" who made a mistake.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT an important closing question?

A) "In conclusion, what do you think should be done?"
B) "Do you know anyone else I should talk to?"
C) "Is there anything I have forgotten to ask that you believe would be relevant?"
D) "If I need to talk to you again, would that be all right?"

Question 44

Which of the following best states what should be included in the fraud report?

A) References to all evidence supporting the allegation(s)
B) Disclose that guilt was clearly demonstrated if a confession is included
C) References to all actions by the suspect that prove guilt
D) Disclosures of the conclusive evidence of guilt

Question 45

Many times the information sought in an interview is closely related to the respondent's inner conflicts and tensions. Which element of conversation will be helpful in releasing this?

A) Expression
B) Deduction
C) Rituals
D) Therapy

Question 46

What is graphology?

A) The study of handwriting for the purpose of character analysis
B) Voice stress analysis for the purpose of determining whether a person is lying
C) Using answers to pencil-and-paper honesty tests to elicit information about a person's honesty and code of ethics
D) The process by which we obtain release from unpleasant emotional tensions by talking about the source of these tensions

Question 47

The feeling of a general manager that he can "save" an employee who has committed a fraudulent act is an indication that the manager is in the stage of crisis reaction.

A) denial
B) acceptance
C) depression
D) rationalization

Question 48

When is the fraud report prepared?

A) As an ongoing part of the investigation
B) In the final stage of the investigation
C) Once the investigation is completed
D) As soon as the suspect orally confesses

Question 49

Which of the following would be considered a form of denial while reacting to a crisis?

A) A person's anger is directed at friends, relatives, or co-workers.
B) After an attempt to resolve the problem fails, a person's hope diminishes.
C) A person's anger is replaced by disappointment or embarrassment.
D) A person insists that there is some mistake.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT included in the fraud report?

A) Recommendations for control improvement
B) Recommendations for legal action against the suspect(s)
C) All pertinent findings
D) All conclusions made by the investigator

Question 51

What is one of the most important personality traits of being an effective interviewer?

A) Introversion
B) Strict
C) Outgoing
D) Formal

Question 52

What is the term for the process by which we obtain release from unpleasant emotional tensions by talking about the source of these tensions.

A) Acceptance
B) Denial
C) Negation
D) Catharsis

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a technique for refuting an alibi?

A) Display physical evidence in reverse order of importance
B) Discuss specific witnesses to the crime by name
C) Discuss deceptions
D) Present alternatives

Question 54

Inferential errors fall into two categories:

A) circular reaction and identification.
B) induction and deduction.
C) denial and trauma.
D) generalization and identification.

Question 55

Which of the following is a facilitator of communication?

A) Threatened egos
B) Trauma
C) Catharsis
D) Unconscious behavior

Question 56

Which of the following is a basic strategy of admission-seeking interviews?

A) Schedule them in such a fashion that shortage of time becomes a major factor.
B) Express outrage, or moral condemnation, about the confessor's actions.
C) Maximize sympathy and minimize the perception of moral wrongdoing.
D) Convey to the accused that he or she is a "bad person."

Question 57

Which element of conversation is used mostly to convince respondents of the legitimacy of the interview?

A) Expression
B) Persuasion
C) Rituals
D) Therapy

Question 58

is defined as converting concrete experiences into a higher level of generalization.

A) Deduction
B) Induction
C) Negation
D) Catharsis

Question 59

Guilty people almost never confess when it is conveyed that they are what type of person?

A) Bad
B) Simply careless
C) Intelligent
D) Obviously guilty

Question 60

The most common of all techniques used to investigate and resolve fraud is ¬¬- .

A) interviewing
B) auditing
C) arbitration
D) invigilation

Question 61

is the unconscious behavior of an individual characterized by an immediate, unplanned response of one person to the subliminal, nonverbal clues of another person.

A) Custom
B) Habit
C) Circular reaction
D) Acute emotional crisis

Question 62

What type of statement indicates that an individual has made the subconscious decision to confess?

A) Verbal confession
B) Benchmark admission
C) Refutation of alibis
D) Silent acknowledgement