Deck 41: Animal Reproduction

Question 1

Chemical signals released into the environment are called:

A)hormones.
B)pheromones.
C)telemones.
D)apomones.
E)spermatophores.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The development of secondary sexual characteristics is due to:

A)decreased levels of GnRH.
B)increased levels of estrogen or testosterone.
C)decreased LH levels.
D)increased levels of progesterone.
E)decreased levels of estrogen or testosterone.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the male, the primary target of FSH is:

A)the prostate gland.
B)Sertoli cells.
C)bulbourethral glands.
D)interstitial cells.
E)seminal vesicles.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If a child develops an anterior pituitary tumor that reduces LH and FSH production:

A)the child will not develop gonads.
B)the child's puberty will be delayed or disrupted.
C)the child will produce excess testosterone or estrogen.
D)the child's secondary sexual characteristics will develop before puberty.
E)the child's production of GnRH will decrease.

Question 5

Mature sperm are stored in the:

A)epididymis.
B)seminal vesicles.
C)prostate gland.
D)urethra.
E)penis.

Question 6

Female salmon lay eggs in a "nest" scraped into the river bottom. Shortly afterward males come by and release sperm near the nests. This is an example of:

A)spawning.
B)parthenogenesis.
C)copulation.
D)hermaphrodism.
E)internal fertilization.

Question 7

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH):

A)is secreted when there is a high level of progesterone in the blood.
B)is made by the ovaries.
C)stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
D)is produced by the pituitary.
E)causes endometrial cells to multiply.

Question 8

Spawning depends on:

A)the release of a spermatophore into the water.
B)internal fertilization.
C)asexual reproduction.
D)the synchronized release of eggs and sperm into the water.
E)copulation.

Question 9

An animal, such as an earthworm, that is hermaphroditic:

A)reproduces by unfertilized eggs.
B)reproduces by regeneration.
C)produces both eggs and sperm.
D)spawns.
E)reproduces by budding.

Question 10

The only flagellated cells in the human body are:

A)primary spermatocytes.
B)primary oocytes.
C)sperm.
D)mature ova.
E)Sertoli cells.

Question 11

The production of new phenotypes occurs with:

A)sexual reproduction.
B)regeneration.
C)parthenogenesis.
D)budding.

Question 12

Which of these hormones stimulates the production of testosterone?

A)GnRH
B)LH
C)FSH
D)chorionic gonadotropin
E)inhibin

Question 13

The most important function of sexual reproduction is:

A)preserving genetic purity.
B)keeping the genes from changing.
C)creating genetic variability.
D)limiting genetic recombination.
E)producing offspring identical to the parents.

Question 14

Brittle stars can multiply by regrowing a whole individual from a severed leg. This is an example of:

A)sexual reproduction.
B)regeneration.
C)parthenogenesis.
D)hermaphrodism.
E)budding.

Question 15

In men, as testosterone levels increase, LH levels:

A)decrease.
B)increase.
C)remain the same.
D)move up or down depending on the point in the cycle.

Question 16

All male honeybees develop from unfertilized eggs. This is an example of:

A)sexual reproduction.
B)external fertilization.
C)parthenogenesis.
D)hermaphrodism.
E)budding.

Question 17

Puberty is triggered when brain maturation causes the hypothalamus to secrete:

A)gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
B)human chorionic hormone (HCG).
C)luteinizing hormone (LH).
D)progesterone.
E)testosterone.

Question 18

________ is the asexual process by which an organism grows a small version of itself on the body of the adult, which then pinches off when it is large enough to be independent.

A)Fission
B)Parthenogenesis
C)Mitosis
D)Regeneration
E)Budding

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of parthenogenesis?

A)the creation of new organisms from body parts that have been pinched off from the parent
B)the combining of genetic material from two parents to produce offspring with a new genotype
C)eggs from a female developing into offspring without being fertilized
D)gametes from the male developing into new offspring without combining with an egg
E)a single organism producing both eggs and sperm and fertilizing itself

Question 20

What is the function of an acrosome?

A)It holds large numbers of mitochondria.
B)It contains enzymes that dissolve the protective layers around the egg.
C)It propels the sperm through the female reproductive tract.
D)It contains a haploid nucleus.
E)It protects the sperm from vaginal secretions.

Question 21

Most of the fluid in semen is produced by the:

A)testes.
B)seminal vesicles.
C)bulbourethral glands.
D)epididymis.
E)prostate gland.

Question 22

A polar body:

A)is a discarded set of chromosomes.
B)can be fertilized by a sperm.
C)is formed at the same time as a primary oocyte.
D)is a structure found at one pole of a mature egg.
E)nourishes the egg until it is fertilized.

Question 23

Menstruation occurs due to a decrease in:

A)endometrial thickness.
B)levels of estrogen and progesterone.
C)the number of follicles.
D)levels of FSH and LH.
E)the number of sperm present.

Question 24

Division of the spermatogonia produces:

A)diploid primary spermatocytes.
B)haploid primary spermatocytes.
C)diploid secondary spermatocytes.
D)haploid secondary spermatocytes.
E)diploid sperm.

Question 25

In the "typical" menstrual cycle, day 13 or 14 is when:

A)menstruation begins.
B)ovulation occurs.
C)the corpus luteum disintegrates.
D)progesterone levels peak.
E)estrogen levels reach their lowest point.

Question 26

A surge in the level of LH indicates that ________ is about to occur.

A)menstruation
B)puberty
C)ovulation
D)the progesterone peak
E)the testosterone peak

Question 27

If the prostate gland failed to add its contribution to semen,

A)lack of fructose would starve the sperm.
B)the semen would not be fluid, due to lack of enzymes.
C)the semen would lack lubricating mucus.
D)the egg would be killed by the acidic vaginal secretions.
E)the acrosome would not form on the sperm.

Question 28

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way out of the male?

A)epididymis → urethra → vas deferens → seminiferous tubules
B)seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra → epididymis
C)epididymis → seminiferous tubules → vas deferens → urethra
D)urethra → vas deferens → seminiferous tubules → epididymis
E)seminiferous tubules → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct path sperm travel on their way to fertilize an egg?

A)cervix → uterine tube → vagina → uterus
B)uterus → uterine tube → cervix → vagina
C)vagina → cervix → uterus → uterine tube
D)uterine tube → vagina → uterus → cervix

Question 30

In humans, fertilization normally occurs in the:

A)fimbriae.
B)uterus.
C)uterine tube.
D)vagina.
E)ovary.

Question 31

In which respect do spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ?

A)number of gametes produced
B)number of meiotic divisions
C)number of chromosomes in gametes
D)occur in the gonads

Question 32

Why is it necessary for the testes to be in the scrotum to function properly?

A)The scrotum contains alkaline fluids to nourish the sperm.
B)The scrotum elevates the temperature of the testes, which increases sperm production.
C)The testes develop from scrotal tissues.
D)The scrotum keeps the testes at a cool temperature necessary for sperm production.
E)The sperm are produced in the scrotal tissue and transferred to the testes to finish maturation.

Question 33

The cell the sperm penetrates:

A)immediately merges chromosomes with the sperm.
B)has to make a copy of itself before merging with the sperm.
C)must finish meiosis II before merging chromosomes with the sperm.
D)undergoes changes that attract another sperm.
E)is genetically identical to the mother.

Question 34

The interstitial cells of the testes produce:

A)sperm.
B)LH.
C)FSH.
D)testosterone.
E)alkaline mucus.

Question 35

What would happen to male hormone levels if the hypothalamus produced GnRH continuously?

A)Only LH and FSH levels would be high.
B)Only testosterone levels would be high.
C)Only LH and FSH levels would be low.
D)Testosterone levels would be low.
E)LH, FSH, and testosterone levels would be high.

Question 36

The epididymis connects the:

A)seminiferous tubules and the urethra.
B)vas deferens and the urethra.
C)testis and the vas deferens.
D)vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
E)prostate and the urethra.

Question 37

In the "typical" menstrual cycle, day 1 is the day:

A)menstruation begins.
B)ovulation occurs.
C)the corpus luteum disintegrates.
D)LH levels surge.
E)fertilization occurs.

Question 38

Ovulation occurs due to a surge in ________ concentrations.

A)LH
B)FSH
C)estrogen
D)progesterone
E)testosterone

Question 39

The egg that is released from the ovary during ovulation is known as a(n):

A)zygote.
B)secondary oocyte.
C)primary oocyte.
D)polar body.
E)oogonium.

Question 40

The corpus luteum is located in the:

A)ovary.
B)testis.
C)penis.
D)uterus.
E)vagina.

Question 41

The production of offspring from unfertilized eggs is called parthenogenesis. True or False?

Question 42

Sexually transmitted diseases caused by viruses include herpes, AIDS, and:

A)syphilis.
B)gonorrhea.
C)trichomoniasis.
D)human papillomavirus (HPV).
E)chlamydia.

Question 43

Oogenesis begins:

A)during embryonic development.
B)at puberty.
C)after copulation.
D)after the sperm and egg merge.
E)at around day 14 of each menstrual cycle.

Question 44

Oozing, painful lesions that reoccur are characteristic of:

A)HIV.
B)genital herpes.
C)chlamydia.
D)syphilis.
E)HPV.

Question 45

Vasectomy and tubal ligation result in:

A)a lack of semen or menstrual flow.
B)atrophy of the gonads.
C)decreased levels of hormones.
D)an interruption of the path taken by the egg or sperm.
E)inability to produce eggs or sperm.

Question 46

If each of the vas deferens of a male human is cut, his semen does not contain:

A)acid-neutralizing fluid.
B)sperm.
C)fructose.
D)mucus.
E)enzymes.

Question 47

Which of the following is a bacterial infection that can cause the uterine tubes to be blocked by scar tissue?

A)HIV
B)genital herpes
C)chlamydia
D)trichomoniasis
E)HPV

Question 48

FSH causes the Sertoli cells to produce testosterone. True or False?

Question 49

Mating behaviors can synchronize spawning in animals. True or False?

Question 50

Contraceptive methods that rely on synthetic hormones:

A)prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
B)prevent ovulation.
C)prevent the sperm and egg from meeting.
D)kill sperm.
E)destroy fertilized eggs.

Question 51

Spermatids are haploid. True or False?

Question 52

Why is it necessary for many sperm to be present in order for one to fertilize the egg?

A)A sperm cannot find the egg by itself.
B)The combined enzymes digest a path through the corona radiata and zona pellucida.
C)The combined motion of their flagella enables one sperm to push into the egg.
D)A mass of sperm is necessary to open the uterine tube.
E)The area is so large that only one sperm can find the egg.

Question 53

The vaginal ring:

A)blocks sperm from reaching the egg.
B)kills sperm.
C)releases hormones that prevent ovulation.
D)prevents STDs.
E)decreases testosterone production.

Question 54

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections causes cervical cancer?

A)chlamydia
B)gonorrhea
C)trichomoniasis
D)human papillomavirus (HPV)
E)crab lice

Question 55

Sexual reproduction produces individuals that are genetically identical to the parents. True or False?

Question 56

After ejaculation, sperm live approximately ________ in the female reproductive tract.

A)24 hours
B)2 to 4 days
C)1 week
D)2 weeks
E)1 month

Question 57

Sexual reproduction requires internal fertilization. True or False?

Question 58

If taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, the "morning after" pill should:

A)delay or prevent ovulation.
B)encourage the formation of the corpus luteum.
C)thicken the cervical mucus.
D)reduce sperm motility.
E)increase progesterone secretion from the ovary.

Question 59

Mature sperm are stored in the epididymis. True or False?

Question 60

Other than sterilization, the most effective method of contraception is the:

A)condom.
B)birth control pill.
C)diaphragm.
D)IUD.
E)contraceptive sponge.

Question 61

A single organism that produces both eggs and sperm is a ________.

Question 62

Contraceptive implants prevent ovulation by releasing progesterone. True or False?

Question 63

The most common bacterial STD in the United States is chlamydia. True or False?

Question 64

Following ovulation, the levels of LH increase dramatically. True or False?

Question 65

If a woman is attempting to become pregnant, the best time for her to have intercourse is day 21 of the "typical" cycle. True or False?

Question 66

During an erection, blood flow to the penis is decreased. True or False?

Question 67

The layer of cells that acts as a barrier between the sperm and the egg is the corona radiata. True or False?

Question 68

The lining of the uterus that thickens in response to hormone levels is the myometrium. True or False?

Question 69

After ovulation, the mature follicle becomes the corpus luteum. True or False?

Question 70

Oogenesis produces four haploid eggs from each primary oocyte. True or False?

Question 71

Increased levels of LH cause decreased levels of testosterone due to negative feedback. True or False?

Question 72

The contraceptive patch works by killing sperm. True or False?

Question 73

AIDS can be cured with antibiotics. True or False?

Question 74

Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is when ovulation occurs. True or False?

Question 75

The diaphragm protects from STDs. True or False?

Question 76

In women, the combined effects of estrogen and progesterone cause a decrease in GnRH levels. True or False?

Question 77

The increased levels of estrogen from the maturing follicle cause a decrease in GnRH levels. True or False?

Question 78

Sexually transmitted infections can be spread only via unprotected intercourse. True or False?

Question 79

A primary spermatocyte divides to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes. True or False?

Question 80

Animals that have internal fertilization without copulation often package their sperm in ________, which are inserted into the female.