Deck 39: The Senses

Question 1

Chemoreceptors include:

A)rods.
B)hair cells.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.
D)olfactory receptors.
E)muscle spindles.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sensory receptors are grouped by the:

A)part of the central nervous system to which they connect.
B)brain cells they stimulate.
C)types of action potentials they generate.
D)stimuli to which they respond.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Odor molecules stimulate responses in:

A)olfactory receptors.
B)hair cells.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.
D)Meissner's corpuscles.
E)Ruffini corpuscles.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ________ membrane vibrates the hammer in the middle ear.

A)tympanic
B)auditory
C)vestibular
D)basilar
E)tectorial

Question 5

The malleus is also called the:

A)pinna.
B)hammer.
C)stirrup.
D)anvil.
E)cochlea.

Question 6

Which mechanoreceptors are nearest the surface of the epidermis and respond to light touch?

A)cones
B)hair cells
C)Pacinian corpuscles
D)Meissner's corpuscles
E)Ruffini corpuscles

Question 7

Photoreceptors include:

A)rods.
B)hair cells.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.
D)Meissner's corpuscles.
E)Ruffini corpuscles.

Question 8

The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the ________ of action potentials.

A)frequency
B)duration
C)speed
D)intensity
E)loss

Question 9

Receptor potentials cause ________ to be released from sensory receptors.

A)protons
B)axons
C)neurotransmitters
D)corpuscles
E)light

Question 10

The perception of sound depends on:

A)chemoreceptors.
B)photoreceptors.
C)thermoreceptors.
D)mechanoreceptors.
E)nociceptors.

Question 11

A biological molecule that responds to a stimulus is a:

A)receiver.
B)receptor.
C)corpuscle.
D)sensory cell.
E)neuron.

Question 12

Receptor potentials are ________ the strength of the stimulus.

A)unrelated to
B)the same regardless of
C)inversely proportional to
D)directly proportional to
E)much greater than

Question 13

Which of the following is a mechanoreceptor?

A)olfactory receptor
B)heat receptor
C)hair cell
D)rod or cone
E)taste bud

Question 14

Which of the following respond to rapid vibrations or a sharp poke?

A)rods
B)olfactory receptors
C)Pacinian corpuscles
D)Meissner's corpuscles
E)Ruffini corpuscles

Question 15

Mechanoreceptors include:

A)cones.
B)rods.
C)taste buds.
D)Meissner's corpuscles.
E)nociceptors.

Question 16

A stimulus that is strong enough to trigger an action potential is said to be above a:

A)threshold.
B)maximum.
C)capacity.
D)response.
E)nervous signal.

Question 17

A receptor that produces a signal in response to stretching is most likely a:

A)pain receptor.
B)mechanoreceptor.
C)chemoreceptor.
D)photoreceptor.

Question 18

Hair cells in the human ear are located on the:

A)tectorial membrane.
B)oval window.
C)round window.
D)basilar membrane.

Question 19

If the doctor says you have a middle ear infection, which of the following could be involved?

A)pinna
B)auditory canal
C)vestibular system
D)anvil
E)cochlea

Question 20

Which of these structures can be swiveled around in some animals to better locate a sound?

A)pinna
B)hammer
C)vestibular system
D)anvil
E)cochlea

Question 21

The first membrane in the cochlea to receive vibrations directly from the stirrup is the:

A)tectorial membrane.
B)basilar membrane.
C)tympanic membrane.
D)oval window.
E)round window.

Question 22

Ommatidia are found in ________ eyes.

A)flatworm
B)mollusk
C)arthropod
D)amphibian
E)human

Question 23

Why do your parents or grandparents most likely need glasses to read?

A)All aspects of vision gradually worsen with age.
B)The lens of the eye stiffens with age.
C)The photoreceptors of the eye are no longer so responsive.
D)The muscles that change the shape of the lens weaken with age.
E)They have spent more time reading books at close range than have younger people.

Question 24

Which of the following is a sound that exceeds 100 decibels?

A)two humans talking
B)a motorcycle engine
C)a jet engine
D)noise from an urban street

Question 25

A reflective choroid is most typical of a:

A)bee.
B)butterfly.
C)human.
D)crustacean.
E)nocturnal mammal.

Question 26

Which of these animals has an eye with a single lens?

A)mammal
B)dragonfly
C)bee
D)crustacean
E)butterfly

Question 27

The arrangement of the semicircular canals is most similar to the:

A)utricle and saccule.
B)axes of a two-dimensional graph.
C)axes of a three-dimensional graph.
D)direction of the Eustachian canal.

Question 28

The hairs in the ________ are vertical; the hairs in the ________ are horizontal.

A)corpuscle; saccule
B)saccule; utricle
C)corpuscle; utricle
D)utricle; saccule

Question 29

Why are we able to perceive the pitch of a sound?

A)The hammer, anvil, and stirrup vibrate at different speeds.
B)Different parts of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to different frequencies of sound.
C)Different parts of the tectorial membrane vibrate at different sound frequencies.
D)The basilar membrane is stiff and narrow at the end away from the oval window.
E)The tympanum vibrates more strongly at high pitches.

Question 30

The white of the human eye's exterior is actually the:

A)iris.
B)pupil.
C)sclera.
D)fovea.
E)retina.

Question 31

The receptor cells for hearing are located in the:

A)cochlea.
B)semicircular canals.
C)pinna.
D)utricle.
E)Eustachian tube.

Question 32

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are located in the:

A)outer ear.
B)middle ear
C)inner ear.
D)Eustachian tube.
E)cochlea.

Question 33

Prolonged exposure to very loud noises is most likely to damage:

A)hair cells.
B)the bones of the middle ear.
C)corpuscles.
D)the auditory nerve.
E)the auditory canal.

Question 34

The ________ detect(s)movement of the head.

A)semicircular canals
B)olfactory receptors
C)bones in the middle ear
D)pinna
E)vestibular apparatus

Question 35

Which of the following is the sequence of structures through which sound waves travel to stimulate hearing?

A)outer ear → tympanic membrane → Eustachian tube → cochlea → oval window
B)outer ear → oval window → middle ear → tympanic membrane → cochlea
C)outer ear → Eustachian tube → oval window → tympanic membrane → basilar membrane
D)outer ear → tympanic membrane → middle ear → oval window → cochlea
E)outer ear → basilar membrane → inner ear → oval window → Eustachian tube

Question 36

Which parts of an insect eye are most analogous to the pixel-producing units of a digital camera?

A)ommatidia
B)cones
C)corpuscles
D)rods
E)ganglion cells

Question 37

The oval window is between the:

A)outer ear and the middle ear.
B)middle ear and the inner ear.
C)cornea and the lens.
D)lens and the retina.
E)tympanic membrane and the anvil.

Question 38

The tiny stones in the ear, which move in response to gravity, are made of:

A)sodium chloride.
B)magnesium.
C)calcium carbonate.
D)iron oxide.

Question 39

The magnitude of sound vibrations, as measured in decibels, is called:

A)pitch.
B)loudness.
C)key.
D)frequency.

Question 40

When light energy hits a photopigment, the molecule:

A)changes shape, setting off a series of chemical reactions.
B)is destroyed, setting off a series of chemical reactions.
C)is separated from the plasma membrane.
D)forms an enzyme.

Question 41

The ________ provides nourishment for the lens and cornea.

A)retina
B)aqueous humor
C)vitreous humor
D)choroid
E)optic nerve

Question 42

Odor molecules diffuse through mucus and bind directly to receptor proteins on the:

A)brain.
B)dermis.
C)corpuscles.
D)dendrites.
E)axons.

Question 43

In a person who is nearsighted, the:

A)eyeball is too short from front to back.
B)incoming light is focused in front of the retina.
C)lens is not functional at all.
D)aqueous humor is cloudier than normal.
E)muscle that controls the thickness of the lens is weak.

Question 44

People who wear contact lenses or glasses have a defect in the:

A)length of the eyeball.
B)rod cells.
C)cone cells.
D)iris.
E)blind spot.

Question 45

In humans, depth perception is possible because:

A)we have two eyes on the sides of our head.
B)each of the two eyes "sees" an entirely different image.
C)the two eyes have overlapping visual fields.
D)the two eyes are necessary for any vision to occur.
E)the two eyes see identical images.

Question 46

The optic nerve:

A)is made up of hair cells.
B)connects the two eyes.
C)interprets the action potentials it carries.
D)carries action potentials that originate in the retina.
E)forms a blind spot at the fovea.

Question 47

In order for the nose to sense chemicals, they must:

A)first enter the mouth.
B)bind to taste buds.
C)cause bending of hair cells in the upper nasal cavity.
D)stimulate the cones.
E)diffuse into the mucus and bind to receptors.

Question 48

Why do things appear mainly black or white to us in low light?

A)No colored light is reflected to the eye.
B)Rods are more sensitive to light than are cones.
C)Few action potentials are stimulated in low light.
D)Only white light is available at night.
E)The diffused light of night does not fall on the fovea.

Question 49

The fovea of the human eye is:

A)made of mostly rods.
B)the part of the retina that produces the sharpest image.
C)located in the sclera.
D)located in the cornea.
E)where a normal lens cannot focus.

Question 50

How many different varieties of cones are found in humans?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)12

Question 51

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which light passes in the eye?

A)cornea → aqueous humor → pupil → lens → vitreous humor → retina
B)pupil → vitreous humor → aqueous humor → cornea → retina
C)lens → pupil → cornea → aqueous humor → retina
D)aqueous humor → cornea → lens → pupil → vitreous humor → retina
E)cornea → lens → vitreous humor → retina → aqueous humor → pupil

Question 52

What is the effect of a short eyeball?

A)blindness
B)an enlarged blind spot
C)nearsightedness
D)farsightedness

Question 53

Which type of taste receptor cell responds to glutamate?

A)sweet
B)sour
C)salty
D)bitter
E)umami

Question 54

The receptor cells affected by light rays are:

A)located in the ganglion cells.
B)located in the lens.
C)considered to be mechanoreceptors.
D)called photopigments.
E)called Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 55

Smell and taste are detected by:

A)chemoreceptors.
B)photoreceptors.
C)thermoreceptors.
D)mechanoreceptors.
E)pain receptors.

Question 56

If you could monitor the activity from the photoreceptors of rods and cones in the retina during a dream, would you expect these cells to be producing electrical signals? Why?

A)Yes, because people's eyes move during sleep, and this stimulates the rods and cones.
B)Yes, because the rods and cones are reproducing images that are then sent to the brain.
C)No, because rods and cones never produce electrical signals.
D)No, because rods and cones only convert light energy into electrical signals.

Question 57

The round shape of the eyeball is maintained by the gel-like:

A)cornea.
B)aqueous humor.
C)vitreous humor.
D)choroid.
E)iris.

Question 58

In humans, when the eye focuses on a nearby object, the lens:

A)does not change.
B)gets more transparent.
C)gets less transparent.
D)becomes more rounded.
E)flattens.

Question 59

What is the blind spot?

A)the part of the cerebral cortex that interprets action potentials from the eye
B)a part of the cornea
C)an area of the retina that has no receptor cells
D)a space in the vitreous humor
E)the hole where there is no iris

Question 60

Imagine that the eye functions like a digital camera and that the quality of the image is related to the number of pixels, with more pixels providing better resolution. Which of these animals has an eye with the best resolution (the most "pixels")?

A)human
B)dragonfly
C)bee
D)crustacean
E)butterfly

Question 61

Hair cells connected to nerve endings account for the sensation of a light touch against the skin. True or False?

Question 62

Human fingertips have the same number of touch receptors per square inch as the skin of the back. True or False?

Question 63

Optimal color vision occurs in the ________, a depression in the retina where most of the ________ are located.

Question 64

The threshold human skin temperature at which cool or cold is perceived as pain is:

A)32˚F.
B)0˚F.
C)-5˚F.
D)59˚F.

Question 65

There are ________ distinctly different tastes that stimulate receptors on the human tongue.

Question 66

Which of the following is one way that ions are related to pain?

A)Potassium ions are released by bradykinin, which activates pain receptors.
B)Magnesium ions bind to potassium ions, creating bradykinin, which activates pain receptors.
C)Potassium ions directly activate nociceptors.
D)Potassium ions, when combined with bradykinin, cause cell damage. The cell then signals the brain to perceive pain.

Question 67

The stronger the stimulus, the larger the action potential. True or False?

Question 68

Olfactory chemoreceptors are located in the ________ cavity.

Question 69

How many taste buds are on the human tongue?

A)5
B)500
C)5,000
D)5,000,000

Question 70

How does the ear distinguish between loud and soft sounds?

Question 71

There are ________ different olfactory receptor proteins in humans that allow us to sense a variety of odors.

A)five
B)a dozen
C)a few hundred
D)thousands of
E)millions of

Question 72

There are three small bones in the middle ear. True or False?

Question 73

Receptor potentials can trigger action potentials. True or False?

Question 74

Humans with good hearing can detect sounds ranging from ________ to ________ vibrations per second.

Question 75

The sense of taste relies on:

A)taste buds only.
B)olfactory receptors only.
C)both taste buds and olfactory receptors.
D)taste buds, olfactory receptors, and mechanoreceptors.
E)taste buds, olfactory receptors, and nociceptors.

Question 76

Any cell that generates an electrical signal in response to a stimulus is a sensory ________.

Question 77

Within a taste bud, ________ cells give rise to new cells.

A)glial
B)stem
C)supporting
D)taste receptor
E)neuron

Question 78

The ________ is/are the part(s)of the brain responsible for the perception of smell.

A)olfactory bulb
B)olfactory receptors
C)olfactory epithelium
D)olfactory dendrites
E)corpuscles

Question 79

What symptoms indicate that the Eustachian tube is blocked?

Question 80

Pain perception is:

A)blocked by bradykinin.
B)caused by glutamate.
C)unrelated to thermal nociceptors.
D)affected by potassium ions.