Deck 32: Circulation

Question 1

A three-chambered heart:

A)is found in fish.
B)has two atria and one ventricle.
C)has one atrium and two ventricles.
D)has three ventricles.
E)has three atria.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gap junctions:

A)allow the rapid passage of electrical signals among heart cells.
B)prevent the backflow of blood from ventricles to atrium.
C)connect veins and arteries.
D)are found in white blood cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An artificial pacemaker is a device that replaces the actions of the:

A)sinoatrial node.
B)atrioventricular node.
C)atria.
D)ventricles.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In a grasshopper, all the body tissues are bathed in blood that is in the:

A)capillaries.
B)heart.
C)tracheae.
D)spiracles.
E)hemocoel.

Question 5

Which of these animals has a closed circulatory system?

A)spider
B)insect
C)snail
D)earthworm
E)clam

Question 6

Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation?

A)atria
B)ventricles
C)right atrium and right ventricle
D)left atrium and left ventricle

Question 7

In animals that have open circulatory systems, the extracellular fluid that functions as blood is called:

A)lymph.
B)leukocyte.
C)plasma.
D)hemolymph.
E)hemocoel.

Question 8

If a person's blood pressure is 120/70, the 70 refers to the pressure:

A)during contraction of the left ventricle only.
B)during contraction of both ventricles.
C)during relaxation of the aorta.
D)during contraction of the vena cava.
E)lowering between contractions.

Question 9

The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle because it must push the blood:

A)through the pulmonary arteries only.
B)through the body's extensive system of vessels that nourish all cells.
C)against gas pressure in the lungs.
D)through wider blood vessels.

Question 10

In fish, blood leaving the heart goes directly to the:

A)kidney.
B)gills.
C)swimming muscles.
D)brain.

Question 11

Which of these animals has a heart with only two chambers?

A)hummingbird
B)human
C)goldfish
D)bullfrog
E)cat

Question 12

It is important that the atrioventricular (AV)node produce a delay between the contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles because this allows the:

A)heart to rest for a brief period of time.
B)ventricles to fill to capacity.
C)atria to contract in smooth synchrony.
D)ventricles to contract in smooth synchrony.

Question 13

Which of these animals have four-chambered hearts?

A)all reptiles
B)some birds
C)all mammals
D)all fish

Question 14

What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open one?

A)A closed system carries more blood.
B)A closed system moves blood more efficiently.
C)There are more blood cells in a closed system.
D)Blood flows more slowly in a closed system.
E)In a closed system, the blood comes nearer to each cell.

Question 15

Which heart chamber is the most muscular?

A)right atrium
B)left atrium
C)right ventricle
D)left ventricle

Question 16

In vertebrates, which heart chamber supplies oxygenated blood to the body cells?

A)right atrium
B)left atrium
C)right ventricle
D)left ventricle

Question 17

All of the following are components of all circulatory systems EXCEPT:

A)blood.
B)vessels.
C)heart.
D)lymph nodes.

Question 18

In which vertebrate group are there two atria but only a single ventricle?

A)fishes
B)crocodiles
C)some reptiles
D)birds
E)mammals

Question 19

In mammals, blood with a low oxygen content enters the ________ of the heart.

A)right atrium
B)right ventricle
C)left atrium
D)left ventricle
E)aorta

Question 20

The aorta:

A)is a major artery.
B)is a major vein.
C)contains blood with low pressure.
D)connects the right and left ventricles of the heart.

Question 21

The ________ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

A)atrioventricular
B)semilunar
C)bicuspid
D)tricuspid

Question 22

Ventricles force blood directly into the:

A)veins.
B)arteries.
C)capillaries.
D)arterioles.
E)venules.

Question 23

The average red blood cell lives for about ________ days.

A)90
B)100
C)120
D)150

Question 24

If you remove red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from blood, what remains?

A)pure water
B)plasma
C)lymph
D)albumin

Question 25

Southern Copperhead snake venom contains a protein called disintegrin. Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. Why does the snake venom contain this molecule?

A)After the snake bites its prey, the molecule helps in wound healing.
B)The molecule helps kill the snake's prey by producing large clots that travel in the body and produce heart attacks and strokes.
C)The molecule interferes with clot formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the rest of the body.
D)By binding to the platelets, the molecule inhibits the formation of fibrin.

Question 26

Each of the following types of white blood cells is found within the circulatory system EXCEPT:

A)lymphocytes.
B)leukocytes.
C)monocytes.
D)macrophages.

Question 27

All of the following are true of the SA node EXCEPT that it:

A)directly stimulates the ventricles.
B)directly stimulates the atria.
C)is the pacemaker.
D)is influenced by nerve impulses and hormones.

Question 28

When your blood pressure is measured from an artery in your arm, it is a measurement of the pressure produced by your:

A)left ventricle.
B)right ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)right atrium.

Question 29

Which blood constituent makes up most of the volume of blood?

A)red blood cells
B)plasma
C)white blood cells
D)blood proteins

Question 30

Red blood cells make up ________% of the total blood volume in females.

A)30
B)35
C)40
D)45
E)50

Question 31

Erythrocytes are produced in the:

A)bone marrow.
B)liver.
C)spleen.
D)heart.

Question 32

Erythropoietin:

A)is produced by the pancreas.
B)is released in response to high carbon dioxide or low oxygen levels in the blood.
C)is released only in response to hemorrhaging (bleeding).
D)stimulates the spleen to release more red blood cells.

Question 33

In a random screening of athletes at a recent event, a runner was disqualified for testing positive for an injected form of erythropoietin. Which of the following is a consequence of extra erythropoietin in the circulatory system?

A)low blood pressure
B)cellular components making up 55% of the blood volume
C)"thin" blood that does not clot efficiently
D)a low white blood cell count

Question 34

Females need more dietary iron than males because they:

A)have more red blood cells.
B)have less bone marrow.
C)lose more iron (during menstruation).
D)have a larger volume of blood.
E)are less able to absorb iron.

Question 35

Long-distance runners like to train at high altitudes because the lack of oxygen there stimulates the:

A)body to produce more lung tissue.
B)bone marrow to make more erythrocytes.
C)muscles to contract aerobically.
D)muscles to contract more strongly.
E)capillaries to diffuse oxygen more readily.

Question 36

Plasma is primarily:

A)protein.
B)salt.
C)cells.
D)gases.
E)water.

Question 37

The human heart contains cells that do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)contract.
B)produce a hormone.
C)generate electrical signals.
D)create new red blood cells.

Question 38

What is the cardiac cycle?

A)the alternating relaxation and contraction of the heart chambers
B)the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
C)the passage of electrical impulses from the AV node to the SN node to heart muscle
D)the movement of blood from systemic to pulmonary circulation

Question 39

Some athletes use "blood doping," in which additional red blood cells are added to the blood prior to the competition. What is the effect of blood doping?

A)It makes the heart beat faster.
B)It increases oxygen delivery to muscles.
C)It decreases blood pressure.
D)It changes the blood type.

Question 40

How many molecules of oxygen can bind with one molecule of human hemoglobin?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 41

Imagine that you are about to give blood for the first time. While watching other donors around you, you become pale and have to sit down before you faint. Which vessels constricted to produce this nervous side effect?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 42

Erythropoietin stimulates the manufacture of:

A)red blood cells.
B)white blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)albumin.

Question 43

What is the role of valves in the veins?

A)They keep blood from flowing backward when the veins are squeezed by skeletal muscles.
B)They push the blood upward toward the heart.
C)They slow blood flow in the veins so that the blood can move more slowly in the capillaries.
D)They block the flow of blood to the heart until it has time to contract again.
E)They push the blood back toward the capillaries so that all the oxygen can be removed.

Question 44

What is one reason blood pressure in an artery is higher than in a vein?

A)Arteries have thick walls that contain layers of muscle and connective tissue.
B)Arteries have one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.
C)Arteries contain only oxygenated blood.
D)Arteries contain all types of blood cells, whereas veins contain only erythrocytes.

Question 45

Which of the following does NOT play a role in blood clotting?

A)fibrinogen
B)platelets
C)thrombin
D)albumin
E)fibrin

Question 46

Which of these blood cells have no nucleus in mammals?

A)red blood cells
B)white blood cells
C)platelets
D)All blood cells in mammals lack nuclei.

Question 47

The head of a giraffe is 5 meters above its heart. Compared to humans, giraffes have:

A)lower systolic blood pressure.
B)higher systolic blood pressure.
C)less blood volume.
D)veins of smaller diameter.

Question 48

When your physician takes your pulse, he or she is feeling the expansion and contraction of your:

A)arteries or arterioles.
B)capillaries.
C)veins or venules.
D)arteries and veins.

Question 49

Which of the following has the lowest blood pressure?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 50

White blood cells:

A)carry oxygen in blood.
B)protect the body from microbes.
C)are formed in the spleen.
D)clot blood.

Question 51

What is the correct sequence of blood vessels from the heart through the body and back to the heart?

A)veinsvenulescapillariesarteriolesarteries
B)arteriolesarteriescapillariesveinsvenules
C)arteriesarteriolesveinsvenulescapillaries
D)veinsvenulesarteriesarteriolescapillaries
E)arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins

Question 52

Hypertension may lead to:

A)atherosclerosis.
B)enlarged prostate.
C)lung cancer.
D)low blood pressure.

Question 53

Plasma that leaks out of the blood in the capillary beds is returned to the venous circulation by:

A)the small intestine.
B)suppressor B cells.
C)the lymphatic system.
D)the inflammatory response.

Question 54

Which of the following types of blood vessels are directly involved in the exchange of materials between blood and tissues?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)lymphatics
E)veins

Question 55

Which of the following is smallest in diameter?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)veni

Question 56

Which is the "good" cholesterol?

A)LDL
B)HDL
C)VLDL
D)VHDL

Question 57

What happens to the speed of blood as it passes through the capillaries?

A)It increases slightly.
B)It decreases slightly.
C)It increases greatly.
D)It decreases greatly.
E)It depends on the location of the capillaries.

Question 58

The accumulation of cell wastes causes nearby precapillary sphincters to:

A)relax.
B)contract.
C)lengthen.
D)shorten.

Question 59

What drives the return of blood to the heart in the systemic veins?

A)contractions of the left auricle
B)muscles squeezing blood through the veins
C)ciliated cells lining the inside of the veins
D)the lymphatic system

Question 60

Which of the following include lymphocytes?

A)red blood cells
B)white blood cells
C)platelets
D)albumin

Question 61

In an average person, how many liters of extracellular fluid leave the capillaries each day?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)6
E)8

Question 62

The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. True or False?

Question 63

Atherosclerosis:

A)reduces blood flow in arteries.
B)is another name for high blood pressure.
C)is a condition of the veins.
D)is caused by a diet high in salt.
E)causes a loss of plaque from the walls of the arteries.

Question 64

The fluid portion of the blood is called ________.

Question 65

Lymph nodes aid in the destruction of bacteria and viruses. True or False?

Question 66

All of the following are true statements about the lymphatic system EXCEPT that:

A)lymphatic vessels resemble veins because they have valves.
B)the lymphatic system returns fluids to the bloodstream.
C)the lymphatic system transports carbohydrates from the small intestine to the blood.
D)the lymphatic system helps defend the body against disease.

Question 67

Red blood cells are called ________.

Question 68

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

A)They contain red blood cells.
B)They have a wall only one cell layer thick.
C)They have "dead ends."
D)They are made by lymphocytes.
E)They contain plasma.

Question 69

Platelets are large cells that aid in blood clotting. True or False?

Question 70

What is an advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Question 71

Which of the following is delivered from the small intestine to the bloodstream through the lymphatic system?

A)amino acids
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates (sugars)
D)lipids (fats)

Question 72

The period of time in which the ventricles contract is known as ________.

Question 73

Plasma that leaks from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is known as ________.

Question 74

A diagnosis of hypertension is made when blood pressure is higher than ________.

Question 75

While sitting in front of the TV, the average person's heart rate is about 70 beats per minute because the nervous system slows the heart down from the approximately 100 beats per minute that the pacemaker, the ________ node, sets.

Question 76

What two organs are considered to be part of the lymphatic system?

A)pancreas and liver
B)gall bladder and kidneys
C)spleen and thymus
D)heart and lungs
E)thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 77

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT:

A)returning fluid to the circulatory system.
B)returning dissolved materials to the circulation.
C)transporting fats to the circulatory system.
D)defending the body.
E)transporting oxygen to the lungs.

Question 78

When extracellular fluid enters the lymphatic system, it is known as:

A)plasma.
B)extracellular fluid.
C)globulin.
D)lymph.
E)macrophage.

Question 79

Earthworms have five contractive vessels that serve as hearts. True or False?

Question 80

Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of the plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin. True or False?