Question 1

Which of the following best describes the prevalence and course of mood disorders?&#10;A) Depression occurs more frequently in men.&#10;B) One in five Americans will experience depression during their lifetime.&#10;C) Mood disorders are associated with higher socioeconomic status.&#10;D) Symptoms of bipolar disorder typically occur after the age of 25.

Accepted Answer

According to research, one in five Americans will experience depression during their lifetime.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding suicide?&#10;A) Decreased access to mental health care is a risk factor for suicide.&#10;B) Suicide has been linked to lower socioeconomic countries.&#10;C) Suicide is the second leading cause of death among 60- to 75-year-olds.&#10;D) Alcohol use is a protective factor for suicide.

Accepted Answer

Decreased access to mental health care can lead to undiagnosed and untreated mental health conditions, which are risk factors for suicide. Therefore, increased access to mental health care can help prevent suicide. The other options are not accurate: suicide rates tend to be higher in high-income countries (not lower socioeconomic countries), suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds (not 60- to 75-year-olds), and alcohol use is a known risk factor for suicide, not a protective factor.

Question 3

Which of the following is most reflective of the etiology of mood disorders?&#10;A) Having a father with major depression&#10;B) Decreased secretion of cortisol&#10;C) Early exposure to adverse events resulting in negative attitudes and biases about the self and the world&#10;D) Well-regulated circadian rhythms

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that early adverse experiences, such as abuse or trauma, can lead to negative attitudes and biases about oneself and the world, which may contribute to the development of mood disorders. Having a father with major depression or well-regulated circadian rhythms may have some influence on the development of mood disorders, but they are not as strongly linked as exposure to adverse events. Decreased secretion of cortisol has been associated with depression, but it is not clear whether this is a cause or effect of the disorder.

Question 4

Which of the following areas of occupation are most significantly impacted in adults with major depression?&#10;A) Sleep&#10;B) Social participation&#10;C) Activities of daily living&#10;D) Work

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following areas of occupation...

Question 5

LaDonna's family has brought her into your clinic because of her irritability, rapid speech, and engagement in dangerous and risky behaviors. They have noticed the behaviors for the past week. They are concerned because this is different than what LaDonna has experienced in the past. During the past several years, she has experienced several episodes of depression and they aren't sure what is happening now. Which disorder does this best represent?

A) Major depression
B) Hypomania
C) Bipolar I disorder
D) Bipolar II disorder

Accepted Answer

LaDonna's symptoms of irritability, rapid speech, and engagement in dangerous and risky behaviors are indicative of a manic episode, which is a criterion of bipolar I disorder. Additionally, the fact that LaDonna has previously experienced episodes of depression suggests that she may be experiencing a manic episode within the context of bipolar I disorder, rather than a hypomanic episode within the context of bipolar II disorder.

Question 6

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased sleep in individuals with bipolar disorder that may impact occupational performance?&#10;A) Decreased self-esteem&#10;B) Cognitive decline&#10;C) Low motivation&#10;D) Decreased psychotic symptoms

Accepted Answer

Decreased sleep in individuals with bipolar disorder has been associated with cognitive decline, which can impact occupational performance.

Question 7

Jenny has been experiencing loss of interest in daily activities, increased sleep, and disruption in work and in her relationships with her friends. This has been occurring for the past month. This also occurred several years ago. Jenny reports that this time she feels that the symptoms are worse than the first time. She has never reported any manic or hypomanic symptoms. Which disorder does this best represent?

A) Major depression
B) Persistent depressive disorder
C) Bipolar II disorder
D) Hypomania

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest major depression, as there is a loss of interest in daily activities, disruptions in work and relationships, and increased sleep. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by both depressive episodes and episodes of hypomania, which the individual has not reported experiencing. The fact that Jenny has experienced similar symptoms in the past suggests persistent depressive disorder is a possibility, but the severity of symptoms she is currently experiencing and the fact that they have lasted only a month suggest major depression as the more likely diagnosis. Hypomania is not a diagnosis on its own, but rather a symptom that can occur in bipolar II disorder.

Deck 13: Mood Disorders