Deck 24: The Many Different Kinds of Debt

Question 1

According to SEC Rule 144A,

A)bonds issued through private placements can be bought and sold by institutional investors.
B)SEC registration is not needed for privately placed bonds.
C)SEC registration is required of all securities issued in the United States.
D)bonds issued through private placements can be bought and sold by institutional investors and SEC registration is not needed for privately placed bonds.

Answer 1

bonds issued through private placements can be bought and sold by institutional investors and SEC registration is not needed for privately placed bonds.

Question 2

A Yankee bond will be denominated in

A)U.S. dollars.
B)British pounds.
C)Japanese yen.
D)Euros.

Answer 2

U.S. dollars.

Question 3

The Alfa Co. has a 6 percent coupon bond outstanding that pays semiannual interest. Calculate the semiannual interest payment on a $1,000 face value bond.

A)$60
B)$30
C)$10
D)$6

Answer 3

$30

Question 4

The trust company for a bond issue represents the

A)managers of the firm.
B)firm's shareholders.
C)firm's board of directors.
D)firm's bondholders.

Question 5

The written agreement between a corporation and the bondholder's representative is called the

A)indenture.
B)collateral maintenance agreement.
C)prospectus.
D)debenture.

Question 6

The Alfa Co. has a 12 percent bond outstanding on a $1,000 face value bond that pays interest on February 1^st and July 1^st. Today is March 1^st and you are planning to purchase one of these bonds. How much will you pay in accrued interest?

A)$10
B)$20
C)$30
D)$60

Question 7

The Alfa Co. has a 6 percent coupon bond outstanding that pays annual interest. Calculate the annual interest payment on a $1,000 face value bond.

A)$60
B)$30
C)$10
D)$120

Question 8

A type of bond that has the advantage of secrecy of ownership, but has the disadvantage of ownership not recorded by the firm's registrar, is a

A)registered bond.
B)premium bond.
C)par bond.
D)bearer bond.

Question 9

Which of the following are included in the typical bond indenture?
I.the basic terms of the bond;
II.details of the protective covenants;
III.sinking fund arrangements;
IV.call provisions

A)I only
B)II only
C)II and III only
D)I, II, III, and IV

Question 10

A "foreign" bond is a bond

A)sold in the United States by a U.S. company.
B)sold to investors in the local market but issued by a company from some other country.
C)sold in Europe by a U.S. company.
D)sold in Europe by a European company.

Question 11

The bonds that are sold to local investors issued by a firm from another country are called

A)private placement.
B)foreign bonds.
C)junk bonds.
D)investment-grade bonds.

Question 12

The largest market for foreign bonds is

A)U.S.
B)Japan.
C)Switzerland.
D)Russia.

Question 13

Any bond that is issued at a discount is known as

A)a pure discount bond.
B)a zero-coupon bond.
C)an original issue discount bond.
D)a premium bond.

Question 14

In general, which of the following statements is true?

A)Bonds issued in the United States pay interest annually, while bonds issued in other countries pay interest semiannually.
B)Bonds issued in the United States and other countries pay interest semiannually.
C)Bonds issued in the United States and other countries pay interest annually.
D)Bonds issued in the United States pay interest semiannually, while bonds issued in other countries pay interest annually.

Question 15

In general, which of the following statements is (are)true?
I.Bonds issued in the United States are registered.
II.Bonds issued in the United States are bearer bonds.
III.Eurobonds are normally issued in a major currency, e.g., $US, euro, or yen.
IV.Eurobonds are normally issued in the local currency.

A)I and III only
B)II only
C)III only
D)II and IV only

Question 16

LIBOR means

A)London Interbank Offered Rate.
B)London International Bank Offered Rate.
C)Long-term International Bank Offered Rate.
D)Liberty of Repayment.

Question 17

A Yankee bond is a bond

A)sold by a company from the United States.
B)sold in the United States by a foreign firm.
C)sold in the United States by a local company.
D)sold in Japan by a company from some other country.

Question 18

Very large bond issues that are marketed both internationally as well as in individual domestic markets are called

A)Eurobonds.
B)foreign bonds.
C)global bonds.
D)None of the options are correct.

Question 19

A "samurai bond" is a bond

A)sold by a company from Japan.
B)sold in the United States by a company from Japan.
C)sold in Japan by a local company.
D)sold in Japan by a company from some other country.

Question 20

A zero-coupon bond is also called a(n)

A)income bond.
B)original issue discount bond.
C)pure discount bond.
D)premium bond.

Question 21

The call policy that maximizes shareholder wealth is to call a bond issue when

A)the bond's price is above par.
B)the bond's price is above par but below the call price.
C)the bond's price exceeds the call premium.
D)the bond's price equals or exceeds the call price.

Question 22

Which of the following bonds is typically secured?

A)Sinking fund debenture
B)Mortgage bond
C)Floating rate note
D)Eurobond

Question 23

Floating-rate bonds have adjustable rates to protect real rates of return against inflation. The rates paid are limited by

A)the put provisions of the issues.
B)a floor rate that sets the minimum.
C)a cap rate that sets the maximum.
D)a floor rate that sets the minimum and a cap rate that sets the maximum.

Question 24

The recovery rate on defaulting debt is the highest for the following type of debt:

A)bank debt.
B)senior secured bonds.
C)senior subordinated bonds.
D)junior subordinated bonds.

Question 25

Which of the following bonds is typically not secured?

A)Collateral trust bond
B)Mortgage bond
C)Debenture
D)Equipment trust certificate

Question 26

The following are secured bonds except

A)mortgage bonds.
B)debentures.
C)collateral trust bonds.
D)equipment trust certificates.

Question 27

A puttable provision in a bond allows the

A)issuer to call the bond at par on the coupon payment date.
B)holder to redeem the bond at par before maturity.
C)issuer to extend the maturity of the bond.
D)holder to extend the maturity of the bond.

Question 28

Which of the following provisions would often be included in the indenture for a first-mortgage bond?

A)A limit on officer salaries
B)A negative pledge clause
C)A limit on new issues of subordinated debt
D)A limit on the amount of senior debt that can be issued

Question 29

Which of the following is not an example of an affirmative (positive)covenant?

A)Requirement to maintain a minimum level of working capital
B)Requirement to furnish bondholders with a copy of the firm's annual accounts
C)Requirement to limit dividends to net income
D)Requirement to maintain a minimum level of net worth

Question 30

The following are various types of secured debt:
I.mortgage bonds;
II.collateral trust bonds;
III.equipment trust certificate;
IV.debentures

A)I only
B)I and II only
C)I, II, and III only
D)I, II, III, and IV

Question 31

An 8 percent debenture has five years of call protection and is thereafter callable at 100 percent, except that it is nonrefundable below interest cost. Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The debenture may be called any time during the next five years.
B)The debenture may not be called during the next five years.
C)The lender has the option to demand early repayment.
D)The bond should be called when the yield on similar noncallable bonds falls to 8 percent.

Question 32

Which of the following bonds is secured by assets?

A)A mortgage bond
B)A floating rate bond
C)A debenture
D)An indenture

Question 33

Corporations often have the right to repurchase a debt issue prior to maturity at a fixed price. Such debt issues are said to be

A)indentured.
B)protected.
C)convertible.
D)callable.

Question 34

Long-term bonds that are unsecured obligations of a company are called

A)indentures.
B)debentures.
C)mortgage bonds.
D)bearer bonds.

Question 35

A 5 percent debenture (face value = $1,000)pays interest on June 30 and December 31. It is callable at a price of 105 percent together with accrued interest. Suppose the company decides to call the bonds on September 30. What amount must it pay for each bond?

A)$1,000.00
B)$1,037.50
C)$1,062.50
D)$1,050.00

Question 36

The following are some of the complications associated with call provisions of bonds:
I.The firm may be prevented from calling a bond because of a nonrefunding clause from issuing new debt.
II.The call premium is a tax-deductible expense for the firm but is taxed as capital gains to bondholders.
III.There may be other tax consequences to both the firm and the bondholders from replacing a low-coupon bond with a higher-coupon bond.
IV.There are costs and delays associated with calling and reissuing debt.

A)I only
B)I and II only
C)I, II, and III only
D)I, II, III, and IV

Question 37

The recovery rate on defaulting debt is the least for the following type of debt:

A)bank debt.
B)senior secured bonds.
C)senior subordinated bonds.
D)junior subordinated bonds.

Question 38

A sinking fund may be useful to a corporation because

A)the corporation does not have to worry about paying the bondholders.
B)it may provide the corporation with the option to acquire the bonds at the lower of face value or market price.
C)the payments to the sinking fund are not necessary when the firm is in financial difficulty.
D)they are simple and easy to monitor.

Question 39

Firms often bundle up a group of assets and then sell the cash flows from these assets in the form of securities. They are called

A)debentures.
B)subordinated issues.
C)asset-backed securities.
D)mortgage bonds.

Question 40

Even though many bonds have deferred sinking funds, the sinking fund has the following effects on bondholders:
I.provides extra protection to bondholders as both an early warning system and perhaps some collateral cash;
II.provides an option to the firm to buy bonds at the lower of market or face value;
III.puts the bondholders at added risk due to potential inability to meet sinking fund payments

A)I and II only
B)III only
C)II only
D)II and III only

Question 41

Which of the following statements about convertible bonds is true?

A)A convertible bond cannot have a sinking fund.
B)A callable bond cannot have a convertible feature.
C)A convertible bond can also have a call feature.
D)A convertible bond must have a sinking fund.

Question 42

Which of the following situations increase the difficulty of valuing convertible bonds?

A)Dividends
B)Dilution caused by conversion
C)Changing bond price
D)All of the options are correct.

Question 43

The holder of a $1,000 face value bond can exchange the bond any time for 25 shares of stock. Then the conversion ratio

A)is 40.
B)is 25.
C)is 100.
D)depends on the current market price of the bond.

Question 44

All else equal, which of the following features will increase the value of a convertible bond?

A)The risk-free interest rate is higher.
B)The conversion ratio is higher.
C)The conversion price is lower.
D)All of the features increase the value.

Question 45

A convertible bond issue can be thought of as the

A)sale of a straight bond.
B)sale of a straight bond and a call option.
C)sale of a put option.
D)sale of common stock.

Question 46

The holders of ZZZ Corporation's bonds with a face value of $1,000 can exchange that bond for 35 shares of stock. The stock is selling for $25. What is the conversion value of the bond?

A)$1,000
B)$875
C)$1,200
D)$965

Question 47

The exercise of warrants creates new shares which

A)increases the total number of shares but does not affect share value.
B)increases the total number of shares and reduces the individual share value.
C)does not change the number of shares outstanding, similar to options.
D)increases share value because cash is paid into the firm at the time of warrant exercise.

Question 48

Generally, convertible bonds are issued by

A)smaller and more speculative firms.
B)mature and profitable firms.
C)very large firms.
D)the U.S. government.

Question 49

A firm may prefer to issue a convertible bond, as opposed to issuing equity, because
I.a convertible issue sends a better signal to investors than an issue of common stock;
II.an announcement of a stock issue generates worries of overvaluation and usually depresses the stock price;
III.a convertible issue shows the management's willingness to take a chance that the stock price will rise enough to lead to conversion and also signals management's confidence in the future

A)I only
B)III only
C)I and II only
D)I, II, and III

Question 50

Which of the following is the most sensible reason for issuing convertibles?

A)Convertibles are convenient and flexible-they're usually unsecured and subordinated, and cash requirements for debt service are relatively low.
B)Interest rates on convertible issues are significantly less than on straight debt.
C)Firms that need equity capital use convertibles as a roundabout way of issuing stock.
D)Firms prefer to issue convertibles when their shares are undervalued.

Question 51

A $1,000 face value bond can be exchanged any time for 25 shares of stock. Then the conversion price is

A)$40.
B)$25.
C)$100.
D)$975.

Question 52

If a corporate security can be exchanged for a fixed number of shares of stock, the security is said to be

A)callable.
B)convertible.
C)protected.
D)None of the options are correct.

Question 53

The holders of ZZZ Corporation's bonds with a face value of $1,000 can exchange that bond for 35 shares of stock. The stock is selling for $25. What is the conversion price?

A)$35
B)$7.70
C)$28.57
D)$975

Question 54

A bond-warrant package

A)always increases the risk of the common equity.
B)always decreases the risk of the common equity.
C)could either increase or decrease the risk of the common equity.
D)does not affect the risk of common equity.

Question 55

Warrants are sometimes issued
I.with private placement bonds;
II.to investment bankers as compensation;
III.to creditors in the event of bankruptcy;
IV.to common stockholders

A)I, II, III, and IV
B)I and II only
C)I, II, and III only
D)II and III only

Question 56

A convertible bond is selling for $993. It has 15 years to maturity, $1,000 face value, and pays 8 percent coupon interest payments annually. Similar straight bonds (nonconvertible)are priced to yield 8.5 percent. The conversion ratio is 20. The stock is currently selling for $45. Calculate the convertible bond's option value.

A)$34.52
B)$93.00
C)$7.00
D)$58.48

Question 57

Two major differences between a warrant and a call option are
I.warrants are contracts outside of the firm while options are within the firm;
II.warrants have long maturities while options are usually short maturities;
III.warrant exercise dilutes the value of equity while options exercise usually does not

A)II and III only
B)I only
C)II only
D)III only

Question 58

The written agreement between a corporation and its bondholders contains a limitation on the dividends that the corporation can pay. This limitation is a

A)nonrecourse covenant.
B)recourse covenant.
C)positive covenant.
D)negative covenant.

Question 59

Issuing convertible bonds or bonds with warrants is useful for a company of unknown risk because

A)the effects of risk are opposite on the two value components and tend to cancel each other out.
B)if the firm is high risk, the option premium will be higher while the straight bond value is fixed.
C)only risky companies issued these instruments.
D)the equity value is dependent on current risks only, not the future risk at conversion.

Question 60

The holder of a $1,000 face value bond has the right to exchange the bond any time before maturity for shares of stock priced at $50 per share. The $50 is called the

A)conversion price.
B)stated price.
C)exercise price.
D)striking price.

Question 61

LYONs are bonds that are
I.callable;
II.puttable;
III.convertible;
IV.zero-coupon

A)I and II only
B)I, II, and III
C)I, II, III, and IV
D)II, III, and IV

Question 62

Issuing convertible debt makes sense whenever investors have difficulty estimating the risk of the company's bond.

Question 63

The difference between the price of callable and noncallable bonds is greatest when bond prices are lowest.

Question 64

Project finance is generally provided by

A)the U.S. government.
B)foreign governments.
C)international banks.

Question 65

A bond-warrant package has different effects on the firm's cash flow and capital structure than a convertible bond.

Question 66

A negative pledge clause states that the company may grant an exclusive lien or claim on any of its assets.

Question 67

Bonds issued in the United States are usually registered.

Question 68

Affirmative covenants impose certain duties on the company.

Question 69

Many times warrants may be issued on their own and do not have to be issued in conjunction with other securities.

Question 70

Convertible bonds can also have a call feature.

Question 71

The term bearer bond refers to bonds that bear little interest via coupon payments.

Question 72

PIKs are

A)pay-in-kind bonds.
B)pay interest kicker bonds.
C)pay interest in Krugerrands.
D)pay interest in kroner.

Question 73

Sinking funds reduce the average life of a bond and thereby reduce the risk of a default.

Question 74

The owner of a convertible bond owns both a straight bond and a call option.

Question 75

Project finance is extensively used in developing countries to finance

A)power projects.
B)telecommunications projects.
C)transportation projects.
D)All of the options are correct.

Question 76

Privately placed loans are advantageous because

A)there are usually fewer restrictive covenants.
B)there is direct contact with the lender and renegotiations can be handled more easily.
C)SEC registration is necessary.
D)there are usually fewer restrictive covenants and SEC registration is necessary.

Question 77

Project finance requires a capital investment that can be clearly separated from the parent and offers tangible security to lenders.

Question 78

A loan guarantee provided by the government on a corporate bond acts like what kind of derivative security for the investor?

A)Long put
B)Short put
C)Long call
D)Short call

Question 79

A warrant holder is not entitled to vote but receives dividends.

Question 80

The term Yankee bond refers to any bond sold in the United States.