Deck 9: Analyzing Content

Question 1

The most unique source of qualitative data available for researchers in the U.S.is 9-3)

A)The ICPSR
B)The NCVS
C)The National Jail Census
D)The Human Relations Area Files HRAF)at Yale University

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Crime mapping is generally used to identify the 9-8)

A)General distribution of social disorganization in certain mapped areas
B)Spatial distribution of crime along social indicators such as poverty and social disorganization
C)Location of crime analyses but not to communicate results
D)All of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Revised Domestic Violence Screening Instrument DVSI-R)Williams, 2012)is used to 9-13)

A)Determine the effectiveness of domestic violence programs
B)Create Big Data for perpetrators of domestic violence prior to arrest
C)Document decreasing rates of victimization since more victims are willing to come forward
D)Determine the risk of recidivism by perpetrators of domestic violence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Challenges in data collection in comparative research include 9-14)

A)Uncertainty about methods of data collection
B)Lack of a maximal fit between concepts in the primary study and concepts in the current investigation
C)Lack of knowledge about qualifications of who was responsible for data collection
D)All of the above

Question 5

Researchers who rely on secondary data make trade-offs between 9-15)

A)Their desire to ask key questions in addition to a dataset
B)Their ability to use a particular dataset and the specific hypothesis they can test
C)The adequacy of an abandoned dataset and a less adequate source of data
D)Their ability to ask questions that cannot be modified and available data that has been modified

Question 6

A major type of secondary data is are)9-2)

A)Surveys
B)Official records
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 7

Rosenfeld, Bray and Egley 1999)studied whether gang membership 9-9)

A)Pushed members to engage in violence or merely exposed them to violent persons and situations
B)Kept members from engaging in violence by not exposing them to violent persons
C)Encouraged members to engage in a small amount of gang violence
D)Encouraged members to avoid gang-motivated research in general

Question 8

The analysis of data that were originally collected by someone else at another time is known as 9-1)

A)Primary data collection
B)Stolen data collection
C)Secondary data analysis
D)Public domain information

Question 9

Even when data are collected by an official government agency, there may be concern with 9-15)

A)Similarities in data collection systems
B)Political pressures placed on a population after they participated in research
C)Data quality
D)The fact that secondary data may not be used to study crime

Question 10

Shaw and McKay conducted a landmark analysis in criminology on 9-9)

A)Adult crime in New York neighborhoods
B)Juvenile delinquency in Chicago neighborhoods
C)Adult crime in Chicago neighborhoods
D)Juvenile delinquency in New York neighborhoods

Question 11

The systematic, objective, quantitative analysis of message characteristics is 9-6)

A)Construct analysis
B)Comparative analysis
C)Content analysis
D)None of the above

Question 12

Research that seeks to understand the structure, nature, or scope of a nation's or nations' criminal justice system is 9-4)

A)Exploratory research
B)Descriptive comparative research
C)Explanatory comparative research
D)Analytic Comparative research

Question 13

The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data provides 9-2)

A)More than 1,000 criminal justice data collections to private researchers
B)600+ criminal justice data collections to the public
C)The FBI Uniform Crime Reporting program data
D)Both B and C

Question 14

A very large dataset that is accessible in computer-readable form that is used to reveal patterns, trends, and associations between variables is known as 9-11)

A)Mega Data
B)Big Data
C)Large Datasets
D)All of these are interchangeable mean the same thing)

Question 15

Using a __ sampling strategy, researchers select cases because they reflect theoretically important distinctions 9-16)

A)Availability
B)Probability
C)Purposive
D)quantitative

Question 16

Different cultural and linguistic contexts can limit confidence in 9-14)

A)Measures
B)Samples
C)Causal conclusions
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which is a methodological challenge for comparative research? 9-14)

A)Small numbers of cases
B)Spotty historical records
C)Variable cross-national record-keeping practices
D)All of the above

Question 18

A Risk Terrain Model RTM)9-12)

A)Uses data from a single, very large source to predict the probability of crime occurring in an area
B)Uses data from several sources to predict the probability of crime occurring in the future
C)Uses mapping software to help law enforcement predict where criminals will be arrested
D)Uses data mapping to assess an area's groundcover

Question 19

The goal of content analysis is to develop 9-6)

A)Instincts from text
B)Identifying instincts from a population
C)Inferences from text
D)A sample of units from the population

Question 20

A problem that comparative researchers often face is 9-15)

A)Too much data from historical or geographical periods
B)A lack of data from some historical periods
C)A lack of data from some geographical units
D)Both B and C

Question 21

In order to measure poverty, Thacher created a measure called the 9-3)

A)Income Index II)
B)Culture Forces Index CFI)
C)Concentration Index CI)
D)None of the above

Question 22

John Stuart Mill proposed establishing 9-16)

A)A causal relation where the values of cases that disagree cannot agree on values of other variables
B)A causal relation in which the values of cases that agree on an outcome variable also agree on the value of the causal variable
C)That causality does not depend on agreement
D)That agreement does not depend on causality

Question 23

The General Social Survey is an annual survey high school seniors since 1972)that collects attitudinal information about 9-2)

A)Social issues
B)Alcohol use
C)Drug use
D)All of the above

Question 24

Unofficial records are a major type of secondary data.9-2)

Question 25

Historical documents are a major type of secondary data.9-2)

Question 26

The Concentration Index CI)measures income equality.9-3)

Question 27

The Freedom of Information Act FOIA)stipulates that 9-17)

A)Only persons who have a security clearance of top secret or above can have access to agency records
B)Most persons may have a right to records unless records are exempted
C)All persons have a right to access all federal agency records unless the records are specifically exempted
D)Many persons may have a right to access non-federal agency records

Question 28

Using the CCDF, Archer and Gartner found that very few combatant nations experienced substantial increases in homicide following a war.9-5)

Question 29

Research that seeks to understand how national systems work is called analytic comparative research.9-5)

Question 30

There many more qualitative datasets available for secondary analysis as quantitative datasets.9-3)

Question 31

A well-known dataset that collects information on historical and contemporary population characteristics is conducted by the 9-2)

A)National Crime Victimization Survey
B)Federal Correction Facilities Survey of Inmates)
C)State Census
D)U)S.Census Bureau

Question 32

The Comparative Crime Data File CCDF)has extensive crime data from 110 nations and 44 international cities.9-5)

Question 33

Secondary data analysis is the act of collecting data that were originally collected by someone else at another time.9-1)

Question 34

The primary purpose of the gang homicide research done by Rosenfeld, et al.1999), was to study whether gang membership 9-9)

A)Pushed members to engage in violence
B)Exposed members to violent persons
C)Exposed members to violent situations
D)All of the above

Question 35

Thacher's study 2011)studied whether racial/ethnic distribution and socioeconomic status had an influence on the degree to which a jurisdiction protected these resources by utilizing 9-3)

A)UCR police data
B)U)S.Census data
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 36

If you use geographic units such as nations to be sampled for comparative purposes, it is assumed that 9-16)

A)Nations are dependent on each other, which makes it easier to find similarities to compare
B)Geography doesn't matter that much in this type of sampling
C)Common international influences do not affect nations in a way that would disturb the sample
D)Nations are independent of each other in terms of the variables being examined

Question 37

Descriptive comparative research seeks to understand the structure, nature or scope of a nation's or nations')criminal justice systems.9-4)

Question 38

Research that compares data from more than one time period is called comparative research.9-5)

Question 39

Archer and Gartner created the Comparative Crime Data File CCDF)in 1984 in order to, among other things, determine if 9-5)

A)War might decrease the homicide rates within a nation once a war ends
B)War might increase the homicide rates within a nation once a war ends
C)War would have no effect on homicide rates
D)War might only have an effect on homicide rates if it crossed several borders

Question 40

The population of documents selected for analysis should be appropriate to the research question of interest and one of the first steps should be to determine the 9-6)

A)units of analysis to be studied
B)Concentration Index to be studied
C)easily identifiable crime maps for an area
D)underlying factors in interpreting crimes

Question 41

Using secondary data presents no methodological challenges because there is no human contact involved with it.9-17)

Question 42

What is the NACJD? What types of data are available?

Question 43

After coding procedures are developed, the reliability should be assessed by comparing different coders' codes for the same variable.9-7)

Question 44

Big Data is a dataset that is accessible in computer readable form to reveal small variances between variables.9-11)

Question 45

The goal of a content analysis is to develop inferences from text.9-6)

Question 46

One issue with historical data is that for a variety of reasons)it may be an unrepresentative selection of materials from the past.9-15)

Question 47

Data quality is never a concern with secondary data because they are collected by official agencies.9-15)

Question 48

The process of using a geographic information system to conduct special analysis of crime problems and other police-related issues is known as crime mapping 9-8)

Question 49

When using content analysis, the researcher must define the categories into which the units are to be coded and then determine the unit of text to be coded.9-6)

Question 50

The first step in content analysis is to identify a population of documents or other textual sources for study.9-6)

Question 51

Explain how secondary data analysis is different from the methods we have already examined in this book.

Question 52

What are the four major types of secondary data analysis?

Question 53

There is no ethical concern for subject confidentiality when original records are analyzed.9-17)

Question 54

What are some of the datasets available from ICPSR that are appropriate for crime research?