Deck 7: Housework

Question 1

One of the first and most famous books of the Second Wave of the Women's Movement is The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan.In it she exposes "the problem without a name," which refers to

A)sexual harassment on the job.
B)the isolation,fatigue and depression of middle-class housewives.
C)sexism in the media and sex discrimination in the workplace.
D)family violence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Full-time housewives do much more housework than women who are in the paid labor force.Aulette concludes that this means that

A)full-time housewives do a lot of unnecessary work.
B)the quality of life of people in families where women are employed outside the home is diminished because necessary work is not being done.
C)Both A and B above.
D)None of the above.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What proportion of adult females in the United States are year-around,full-time housewives?

A)Slightly less than one-tenth
B)About one-quarter
C)Nearly half
D)Over three-quarters

Answer 3

C

Question 4

White and Brinkerhoff (cited by Aulette)examined reasons why parents asked children to do housework.What is the most common reason parents give for wanting children to do housework?

A)It builds character and helps children learn responsibility.
B)It helps to keep the household clean when the adults are too busy to do everything.
C)Children are messy and should learn to clean up their own messes.
D)Children are more likely to appreciate a clean house when they have done the work to make it so.

Question 5

The largest single occupation in the United States is

A)truck driver
B)teacher
C)housework
D)retail clerk

Question 6

Research cited by Aulette indicated that when women start to work outside the home,

A)children are more likely than husbands to do some of the chores previously done by women.
B)husbands are more likely than children to do some of the chores previously done by women.
C)neither husbands nor children do some of the chores previously done by women.It simply does not get done.
D)husbands and children do an approximately equal amount of the work previously done by the women.

Question 7

Research documents gendered differences in housework.These include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Women are more likely to do the daily household jobs.
B)Women are more likely to do most of the household jobs that are time-bound,ie.those that must be done at a certain time.
C)Men are more likely to do multitasking: two or more things at the same time.
D)Men are less likely to serve as the time and motion managers,keeping other family members on task.

Question 8

Research on housework between 1965 and 2009 shows that time spent on housework varies by gender and employment.All of the following are true,EXCEPT:

A)Women do more housework than men.
B)The amount of housework women do declined.
C)The amount of housework men do increased.
D)The time spent on childcare increased for men and decreased for women.

Question 9

Research shows that employed mothers have _______ self-esteem,_______ depression,and ______ anxiety than housewives.

A)higher ...less ...more
B)lower ...more ...less
C)higher ...less ...less
D)lower ...more ...more

Question 10

Research documents gendered differences in housework.Findings indicate that _______ do most of the daily jobs,_______ do most of the jobs that are time-bound, _______ more often do two or three things at one time,and _______ serve as time and motion managers of the family.

A)men ...men ...men ...men
B)women ...women ...women ...women
C)men ...men ...women ...women
D)women ...women ...men ...men

Question 11

When women work outside the home,who is more likely to pick up the housework that was previously done by the women?

A)A nanny or babysitter
B)A cleaning service
C)Children
D)Husbands

Question 12

Children in one-parent households are likely to perform __________ children in two-parent households.

A)the same amount of housework as
B)a much larger share of housework than
C)a much smaller share of housework than

Question 13

Research has found which of the following relationships between social class and the division of unpaid labor in households?

A)No relationship between social class and the division of housework.
B)A positive relationship: middle-class men did a greater share of housework than working-class men.
C)An inverse relationship: working class men did a greater share of housework than middle-class men.
D)A curvilinear relationship: both working-class men and upper-class men did a smaller proportion of housework than middle-class men.

Question 14

Interviews about the work done by people who purchase,prepare and serve food to their families show that they consider it

A)an act of love.
B)the most monotonous and tedious of household tasks.
C)an exercise of power since they make all the choices.
D)alienating since it takes less time to eat than it does to prepare for and clean up after each meal.

Question 15

Housewives interviewed by Oakley (cited by Aulette)identified three problems associated with their occupation.These include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)The work is monotonous,never-ending,and lonely.
B)The long hours limit what they are able to do.
C)Since it is unpaid,the work is devalued.
D)Since there are no recognized achievements,promotions,or raises,the women feel no sense of accomplishment or success.

Question 16

How is income is related to housework?

A)Income is not related to housework.
B)Families with larger incomes are more likely to pay others to do some housework.
C)Families with larger incomes spend more on high-quality frozen convenience foods but actually spend less on eating out.
D)Non-working wives in families with larger incomes from one worker (husbands)do more housework and cooking.These families,therefore,spend less on hiring housework or eating out than families with smaller incomes with two workers.

Question 17

When men participate in housework they report feelings of

A)satisfaction and pleasure at serving their families.
B)freedom from the timeclocks and pressures of paid jobs.
C)demoralization,sadness,helplessness,and hopelessness.
D)pride for efficiency and accomplishment in a traditional women's tasks.

Question 18

Housework is often an invisible activity,not only in families but also in social science research.What prompts it to become more visible,that is,more noticeable to family members?

A)Feminists have been writing about it for 20 years but publishers have just started to publish the articles.
B)As women have entered the labor force,getting the housework done or sharing it has become more problematic.
C)Housekeeping standards have fallen and husbands are complaining about sloppy housekeeping.
D)Generational differences in expectations have prompted mothers and mothers-in-law to be critical of the housekeeping of their daughters and daughters-in-law.

Question 19

Research indicates that various couples divide housework differently.All of the following are true EXCEPT:

A)Gay and lesbian couples share housework more equally than heterosexual couples.
B)Married couples are more likely to divide housework along traditionally stereotyped patterns.
C)Cohabiting men do similar amounts of housework as married men.
D)Cohabiting women do more housework than married women.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding children's contributions to housework among two-parent families?

A)There is virtually no differences between families of different races in the amount of housework done by children.
B)White children do significantly more housework than African American children.
C)African American children do significantly more housework than white children.
D)White children do more skilled housework (like shopping or baby sitting)while African American children do more unskilled work (like washing dishes).

Question 21

All of the following regarding the provision of health care as a housework task are true EXCEPT:

A)Home-based provision of health care diminished between 1920 and 1980 with the higher rate of admissions to hospitals and nursing homes.
B)Home-based provision of health care increased since 1983 with government requirements to reduce hospitalization.
C)Home-based provision of health care is carried out primarily by women in families.
D)Home-based provision of health care continues to diminish because the labor participation by women continues to increase.

Question 22

Hochschild (cited by Aulette)studied husbands and wives about the division of housework.She found that men either share the work or they resist by using various strategies.These strategies include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Passively avoid taking responsibility by forgetting things,doing tasks in an unskilled way,and waiting to be asked.
B)Reducing the need for the tasks by redefining the situation ("Change the sheets less often" or "Let's go to McDonald's for dinner.")
C)Increases emotional support for his wife without doing more housework.
D)Claiming a "man's right" to not do "women's work."

Question 23

Hochschild (cited by Aulette)studied husbands and wives about the division of housework.She found that women use all of the following strategies to resolve problems with the division of housework EXCEPT:

A)Actively try to change their husbands.
B)Marry men who share the work.
C)Become supermoms.
D)Passively avoid taking responsibility by forgetting things.

Question 24

All of the following are sources of gender socialization discussed by Aulette EXCEPT:

A)Adult models
B)Government policy implemented in schools
C)Cultural artifacts such as gender models in books and television
D)Peers

Question 25

Several demographic and social changes are increasing the importance of elder care in families.All of the following are true EXCEPT:

A)For the first time in history,the average married couple has more parents than children.
B)Middle-generation women in the future will spend more years with parents over sixty-five than with children under the age of eighteen.
C)Declining birth rates mean fewer siblings to share the care of elder parents.
D)Husbands and wives almost share equally the care of elder parents.

Question 26

Several demographic and social changes are increasing the importance of elder care in families.All of the following are true EXCEPT:

A)High divorce rates may eliminate care for elderly by spouses,shifting the responsibility to children of those older people.
B)Childbearing at later ages means that women will more likely be simultaneously caring for young children and aging parents.
C)Increasing birthrates mean more siblings to share elder care.
D)Only about one-third of those older people who need care are living in nursing homes.

Question 27

Lim studied Korean immigrant couples and found that

A)husbands will do childcare but refuse to do cleaning,cooking or laundry.
B)husband and wives share housework and childcare when both work.
C)mothers and mothers-in-law support traditional ways keeping husbands away from domestic work and wives subordinate.
D)wives negotiate agreements for husbands to share housework in exchange for their working in family businesses.

Question 28

Because of changes in technology since 1900,the total number of hours doing housework has

A)declined significantly.
B)increased because of the time required to use the new appliances.
C)remained about the same because so few people have access to the new technology.
D)remained about the same because the tasks have changed.

Question 29

Socialist feminists

A)dislike men.
B)constitute a caucus pushing for gender equality within the American Socialist Party.
C)use a theoretical framework combining a concern for gender inequality and a concern about economic factors.
D)advocate wages for full-time housewives in recognition of their contribution to the economy.

Question 30

Aulette reports that _________ has become the most significant work of the American housewife.

A)transportation
B)food preparation
C)emotional nurturance
D)cleaning

Question 31

Confucian patriarchy is characterized by the Rule of Three Obedience.It refers to

A)children's obedience to their fathers,their mothers and their emperor.
B)women's obedience to their fathers,husbands and sons.
C)men's obedience to their father,patrilineal ancestors,and emperor.
D)men and women's obedience to their fathers,grandfathers,and great-grandfathers.

Question 32

Various social policies have been recommended to make dividing housework more equitable.Aulette identified which of the following as a more attainable and appropriate goal?

A)Require husbands to pay housewives.
B)Have the government pay housewives.
C)Socialize housework.
D)Encourage more equitable division of housework through more equitable work-family policies.

Question 33

Romero's research on Chicana domestic workers documents several common characteristics.These include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)It involves the extraction of unpaid emotional labor from maids.
B)It appears to be companionable but actually includes frequent reminders of inequality for the maid.
C)How and when to do chores is a constant struggle for employer and employee.
D)Maids attempt to create personal friendships with employers but are snubbed.

Question 34

Romero (cited by Aulette)identified a number of strategies Chicana domestic workers use to maintain control over their work.Their overriding goal is to

A)leave domestic work in favor of better paying,more regular jobs.
B)move away from selling their labor and toward selling a service.
C)becoming more equal social friends with their employers.
D)sending their children to college so the next generation will not have to rely on domestic work.

Question 35

A researcher who is examining toys that can be used to learn about housework,like toy stoves and dolls,is probably using which of the following frameworks?

A)Rational choice
B)Socialization
C)Socialist feminist
D)Structural Functionalism

Question 36

The majority of people providing long-term care for dependent elderly are

A)wives caring for older husbands.
B)nurses and aides in nursing homes.
C)social workers,housekeepers,personal care attendants,and volunteers who go to the homes of the elderly to delay their admission to nursing homes.
D)sons for fathers and daughters for mothers.

Question 37

Which of the following illustrates the Rational Choice model to explain the division of housework?

A)Girls identify with their mothers.Boys identify with their fathers.Both carry this identification into their adult roles.
B)Toy kitchens and baby dolls are marketed to girls who are socialized into assuming housewife roles.
C)Men can make the most wages in paid work.Women are more skilled in housework.Traditional roles,therefore,are the most efficient.
D)When boys and girls play house,they are likely to model themselves after their adult models or media images.

Question 38

According to socialist feminists,what is the relationship between gender and housework?

A)Gender inequality in our society causes housework to be divided unequally between men and women.
B)An unequal division of housework between women and men creates gender inequality.
C)Both A and B above.
D)None of the above.

Question 39

A researcher who is examining the criteria couples use to make decisions about how to divide housework is probably using which of the following frameworks?

A)Rational choice
B)Socialization
C)Socialist feminist
D)Symbolic interaction