Deck 29: Vertebrate Evolution

Question 1

The following are differences between amphibians and reptiles EXCEPT

A)amphibians have smooth non-scaly skin,whereas reptiles are covered with scales and their skin is dry.
B)all reptiles respire by the use of lungs,while amphibians use small lungs supplemented by cutaneous respiration.
C)amphibian eggs are laid in water,but reptiles do not require water for reproduction.
D)reptiles are ectothermic,while amphibians are endothermic.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the jawless fishes?

A)Ectotherms that have a bony skeleton.
B)Ectotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
C)Endotherms that have a smooth nonscaly skin.
D)Vertebrates that have scales and are ectothermic.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which feature would have given the jawed fish an evolutionary advantage over the jawless fish when it came time to hunt for food?

A)The evolution of jaws from the gill slits that would enable them to bite more efficiently.
B)The evolution of an ectothermic lifestyle so they could regulate their body temperature based upon the environment.
C)Gills that would increase the efficiency of their breathing.
D)A cartilaginous endoskeleton that would provide for more power while swimming.
E)A skin that is nonscaly that also allows for an increased respiration ability.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics of vertebrates EXCEPT

A)internal organs.
B)vertebral columns.
C)postanal tails.
D)exoskeletons.
E)skulls.

Question 5

A notochord is

A)a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail in all vertebrates.
B)a stiff ventral supporting rod.
C)replaced by the nerve cord during development.
D)a stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a vertebrate?

A)radial symmetry
B)segmentation
C)extreme cephalization
D)closed circulation
E)coelom

Question 7

Which of the following features are shared by all of the jawed fish?

A)endothermic,gills and scales
B)ectothermic,smooth nonscaly skin and bony skeleton
C)cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton,gills and scales
D)bony exoskeleton,gills and scales

Question 8

Which feature is found in the bony fish but not in the cartilaginous fish?

A)scales
B)lateral line system for detecting prey
C)endothermy
D)ectothermy
E)swim bladder

Question 9

Amphibians evolved from

A)darters.
B)sharks.
C)bass and bluegill.
D)sturgeon and catfish.
E)lobe-finned fishes with lungs.

Question 10

Which of these characteristics is NOT found in the amphibians?

A)thin moist skin
B)two-chambered heart
C)small inefficient lungs
D)aquatic larvae
E)eggs with gelatinous covering

Question 11

In some chordates,the ________ is (are)replaced by ________.

A)pharyngeal pouches; gills
B)dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
C)gill arches; pharyngeal pouches
D)notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
E)a vertebral column; notochord

Question 12

The jawed fish and all other vertebrates are gnathostomes,which means they have

A)segmentation.
B)jaws.
C)a notochord that develops into a vertebral column.
D)amniotic eggs.
E)exoskeletons

Question 13

Which of the following reptilian features enabled them to adapt to a terrestrial environment?

A)A dry skin,ectothermy and external fertilization
B)Two pairs of paired limbs,a septum that divides the ventricle,and well-developed kidneys
C)Skin that allows for respiration,a septum that divides the ventricle and an amniotic egg
D)Efficient respiration,ectothermy and external fertilization
E)Live birth,efficient excretion and two pairs of limbs

Question 14

________ were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from ________.

A)Amphibians; fish
B)Reptiles; amphibians
C)Mammals; reptiles
D)Amphibians; lancelets

Question 15

The four defining characteristics of chordates are

A)segmentation,a dorsal hollow nerve cord,pharyngeal pouches,and an amniotic egg.
B)a dorsal hollow nerve cord,a notochord,bilateral symmetry,and mammary glands.
C)bilateral symmetry,segmentation,a well-developed coelom,and limbs.
D)a well-developed coelom,pharyngeal pouches,a notochord,and jaws.
E)pharyngeal pouches,a dorsal nerve cord,a notochord,and a postanal tail.

Question 16

The vertebrates that lack jaws are called

A)rays.
B)turtles.
C)lampreys.
D)eels.

Question 17

If the only chordate characteristic that adult sea squirts possess are gills,why are they classified as a chordate?

Question 18

During the course of fish evolution,two of the gill arches evolved into ________.

A)gills
B)the pectoral fins
C)the swim bladder
D)the jaw
E)No answer choice is correct.

Question 19

What is the main reason that mammals underwent adaptive radiation after the demise of the dinosaurs?

A)They had to adapt in order to physically survive the ice age.
B)The mammals had little competition so it was easier for them to evolve into the niches that were once occupied by the dinosaurs.
C)They had an "inner need" to become better suited to their environment.
D)No answer choice is correct.

Question 20

Sharks

A)lack bony skeletons.
B)have dermal denticles.
C)have a keen sense of smell.
D)have teeth derived from epidermal scales.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

Mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics EXCEPT

A)hair.
B)mammary glands.
C)constant body temperature.
D)young born alive.

Question 22

Generally the respiratory system in birds

A)is identical to the human breathing system.
B)is merely accelerated by the flight muscles.
C)resembles the positive pressure system of a frog.
D)is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand.

Question 23

Based on molecular data and skull features,what reptile(s)has an independent lineage from all other reptiles?

A)lizards
B)snakes
C)turtles
D)crocodiles
E)lizards and crocodiles have independent lineages

Question 24

Which of the following groups had made their appearance during the Ordovician period?

A)jawless and jawed fish
B)jawed fish and amphibians
C)amphibians and reptiles
D)reptiles and mammals
E)All of these groups had appeared by the Ordovician period.

Question 25

All of the following statements concerning birds are true EXCEPT

A)birds have small,relatively under-developed brains.
B)some birds do not have the ability to fly.
C)birds have acute vision.
D)birds use the sun,stars,and the Earth's magnetic field to guide them.

Question 26

Several lineages of reptiles evolved from a common ancestral stem reptile,each adapting to different ways of life.

Question 27

Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills.You would expect lungless salamanders to

A)prefer drier habitats.
B)prefer stagnant water.
C)be larger than most salamanders.
D)be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.

Question 28

The amphibians' common receptacle for the urinary,genital,and digestive canals is the

A)vulva.
B)glottis.
C)cloaca.
D)tympanum.
E)operculum.

Question 29

The mammal-like reptiles that gave rise to mammals were the

A)coelacanths.
B)therapsids.
C)lampreys.
D)archaeopteryx.

Question 30

Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?

A)amniotic egg
B)scales on skin
C)four-legged body
D)skull and vertebral column
E)animals living completely on land

Question 31

Which term can be applied to all of the vertebrates except for the jawless fish?

A)Gnathostomes
B)Endothermic
C)Tetrapods
D)Amniotes

Question 32

The duckbill platypus is different than most mammals because it

A)lacks hair.
B)is "cold-blooded."
C)doesn't secrete milk.
D)doesn't give birth,but lays eggs.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

It was during the ________ period within the ________ era that chordates made their first appearance.

A)Cambrian,Paleozoic
B)Ordovician,Paleozoic
C)Mesozoic,Cretaceous
D)Paleozoic,Cambrian

Question 34

Most salamanders practice internal fertilization

A)using spermatophores.
B)externally in water.
C)internally by copulation.
D)just like frogs.

Question 35

Amphibians were the dominant animal life during the ________ period.

A)Jurassic
B)Carboniferous
C)Devonian
D)Silurian
E)Cambrian

Question 36

Characteristics of birds include all of the following EXCEPT

A)aquatic reproduction.
B)endotherms.
C)modified reptilian scales as feathers.
D)hard-shelled eggs.
E)a modified skeleton with a fused collarbone and a keel.

Question 37

The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the

A)mammary gland.
B)egg.
C)pouch.
D)placenta.
E)marsupium.

Question 38

The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was

A)respiration by gills.
B)respiration through the skin.
C)separation of lung/gill and systemic (body)circulation.
D)development of the tail for propulsion.
E)the leathery waterproof egg shell.

Question 39

The circulatory pathways of vertebrates are pictured.Briefly differentiate between the pathways and identify the pathways found in:
• amphibians and reptiles
• fishes
• some reptiles,birds and mammals.
Pathway A
Pathway B
Pathway C

Question 40

Reptiles evolved from ________ ancestors and were abundant by the ________ period.

A)mammals; Carboniferous
B)fish; Devonian
C)echinoderms; Cambrian
D)amphibians; Permian

Question 41

Identify four of the features that terrestrial vertebrates had to evolve in order to adapt to a terrestrial environment?

Question 42

Amongst the chordates,which features are unique to the tunicates?

A)leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
B)gill slits and bilateral symmetry
C)sexual reproduction and complete digestive system
D)sessile adult stage and aquatic lifestyle
E)leathery outer covering and sessile adult stage

Question 43

Explain the four features necessary to classify an organism as a vertebrate.

Question 44

Which of the following features were required for the the evolution of the amphibians?

A)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs
B)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and amniotic eggs
C)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,cartilaginous skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs
D)notochord,mammary glands,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs and 4 limbs

Question 45

Ancestral lobe-finned fishes gave rise to modern-day lobe-finned fishes,the lungfishes,and to the amphibians.

Question 46

The position of mammals in evolution is best described as

A)they dominate life in the sea.
B)they were among the first animals to live on land and their diversity is greater than all living things known.
C)they arose from mammal-like reptiles in the Jurassic but remained small and insignificant while dinosaurs dominated the land.
D)mammals gave rise to birds.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

Placental mammals that are predacious meat eaters with large and conical-shaped canines are

A)cetaceans.
B)chiroptera.
C)carnivores.
D)proboscidea.

Question 48

Which of the following groups are considered chordates but are lacking the vertebral column trait?

A)osteichthyes & urochordata
B)urochordata & cephalochordates
C)cephalochordates & chondrichthyes
D)sea squirts & chondrichthyes

Question 49

The cephalochordates possess an atrium that is used to filter microscopic food particles out of the water.

Question 50

Monotremes

A)are egg laying mammals.
B)include the anteater and duck-billed platypus.
C)nurse their young.
D)All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following features are found in the lobe-finned fish but are not present in the cartilaginous fish?

A)bony skeletons and lungs
B)paired fins and a bony skeleton
C)jaws and lungs
D)vertebrae and amniotic eggs

Question 52

Name the two groups of organisms that are classified as nonvertebrate chordates and indicate their unique features.

Question 53

The most successful mammals belong to the marsupials group.

Question 54

Compare the characteristics of mammals and birds,noting the similarities and differences between the groups.Why don't we consider mammals and birds closely related with a common ancestor,since they are both "warm-blooded"?

Question 55

Which is the correct sequence for the evolution of reptilian features?

A)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
B)notochord,jaws,vertebrae,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
C)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,cartilaginous skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
D)vertebrae,jaws,notochord,bony skeleton,lungs,4 limbs and an amniotic egg
E)notochord,vertebrae,jaws,4 limbs,bony skeleton,lungs,and an amniotic egg

Question 56

The mammalian lineages include

A)placental mammals.
B)marsupials.
C)monotremes.
D)All of the answer choices are correct.
E)No answer choice is correct.

Question 57

All chordates are also vertebrates.