Deck 23: Plant Evolution and Diversity

Question 1

All of the following structures are associated with lycophytes EXCEPT

A)archegonia.
B)rhizome.
C)microspores.
D)microphylls.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is a male reproductive structure found in plants?

A)archegonia
B)megaspore
C)pollen cone
D)pistil

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The fiddlehead is a ________ that unfolds into a ________.

A)diploid gametophyte; fern frond
B)diploid sporophyte; fern frond
C)haploid sporophyte; fern frond
D)haploid gametophyte; fern frond
E)diploid gametophyte; moss plant

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Molecular data shows that land plants and charophytes

A)are in different clades and form a polyphyletic group.
B)are in the same clade and form a monophyletic group.
C)do not share common ancestry.
D)are in the same clade but form a polyphyletic group.
E)are in different clades but form a monophyletic group.

Question 5

As plants invaded the land,all of the following were true EXCEPT

A)there was a greater availability of light for photosynthesis.
B)there was a greater concentration of carbon dioxide available in the atmosphere.
C)there was an increased threat of desiccation of unprotected cells.
D)there was an increased threat from predation by animals.

Question 6

In the moss life cycle,the ________ is the dominant generation.

A)haploid gametophyte
B)diploid gametophyte
C)haploid sporophyte
D)diploid sporophyte

Question 7

A characteristic of land plants is the presence of small openings,found mostly on the underside of leaves,that allow gas exchange between the plant and its environment.These structures are called

A)cuticles.
B)stomata.
C)thallus.
D)rhizoids.
E)chloroplasts.

Question 8

In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants,gametes are produced by the

A)sporophyte.
B)fruit.
C)gametophyte.
D)homospores.
E)strobili.

Question 9

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant?

A)An egg is produced in an archegonium.
B)A sperm is produced in an antheridium.
C)The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.
D)The eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant.
E)Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation.

Question 10

Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from

A)charophytes.
B)rhodophyta.
C)dinoflagellates.
D)the water molds.
E)ciliates.

Question 11

It is possible to take a mature fern frond and rub the circular brown growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss.Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs.What has happened?

A)Eggs and sperm released from the underside of the fern frond united on the peat plug and grew into sporophyte prothalli.
B)Spores released from the underside of the frond germinated on the peat plug and formed the gametophyte called a prothallus.
C)Spores released from the underside of the fern frond germinated on the peat plug and formed sporophyte rhizomes that give rise to many indusium.
D)Gametes released from the underside of the fern frond germinated on the peat plug and formed a sporophyte structure called an archegonium.
E)Zygotes released from the bottom of the fern frond germinated on the peat plug and grew into gametophyte fiddleheads.

Question 12

Which of the following is a nonvascular plant? Select all that apply.

A)moss
B)gymnosperm
C)liverwort
D)fern
E)hornwort

Question 13

Which of the following is a trait that evolved in ALL land plants?

A)protection of the embryo
B)apical growth
C)vascular tissue
D)seeds

Question 14

A characteristic only shared by angiosperms and gymnosperms is

A)vascular tissue.
B)fruit production.
C)the production of seeds.
D)protection of the embryo.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of an alternation of generations life cycle?

A)a diploid zygote
B)haploid spores
C)gametophyte generation
D)sporophyte generation
E)triploid gametes

Question 16

In the fern life cycle,the ________ generation is dominant.

A)haploid gametophyte
B)diploid gametophyte
C)haploid sporophyte
D)diploid sporophyte

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to life on land?

A)protection of the embryo from drying out
B)waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out
C)waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out
D)vascular system (in most plants)to move water internally

Question 18

Identify the feature found in Cooksonia that qualifies it as a vascular plant.

A)presence of roots
B)presence of leaves
C)the presence of branches
D)the production of windblown spores
E)the production of seeds

Question 19

The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the

A)green algae.
B)tracheophytes.
C)rhyniophytes.
D)bryophytes.
E)tree ferns.

Question 20

When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site,it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n)

A)antheridium.
B)rhizoid.
C)archegonium.
D)protonema.
E)prothallus.

Question 21

Seedless vascular plants include all of the following EXCEPT

A)Psilotum-Pteridophytes.
B)horsetails-Sphenophyta.
C)Sphagnum-Bryophyta.
D)whisk ferns-Psilotophyta.

Question 22

A microspore develops into a(n)

A)seed.
B)sporophyte.
C)male gametophyte.
D)female gametophyte.
E)ovule.

Question 23

In the pine life cycle

A)fertilization occurs shortly after pollination to produce the zygote.
B)the gametophyte generation is dominant and the sporophyte generation is inconspicuous.
C)seed cones are smaller than pollen cones.
D)seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches.
E)the cone is the fruit that surrounds the seeds.

Question 24

All of the following are milestones in the evolution of plants EXCEPT

A)nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant.
B)the development of vascular tissues to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant.
C)seed production.
D)the switch to chlorophyll as the primary photosynthetic pigment.
E)flower production.

Question 25

Gymnosperms are characterized by producing "naked seeds." Which of the following groups is NOT classified as a gymnosperm?

A)horsetails
B)cycads
C)conifers
D)gnetophytes
E)ginkgoes

Question 26

Identify the species that is NOT classified as a pteridophyte.

A)Marchantia
B)Equisetum
C)Hart's tongue
D)Psilotum

Question 27

In gymnosperms and angiosperms,seeds disperse the ________ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns,spores disperse the ________ stage of the life cycle.

A)sporophyte; sporophyte
B)gametophyte; sporophyte
C)sporophyte; gametophyte
D)microsporocytes; megasporocytes

Question 28

The first plants to colonize land were the

A)gametophytes.
B)bryophytes.
C)pteridophytes.
D)lycophytes.

Question 29

All of the following are true about bryophytes EXCEPT

A)they are now the most abundant plant group on land.
B)they can be found from the Antarctic to the tropics.
C)they produce peat that can be used as fuel.
D)they erode rocks to produce soil.

Question 30

Which of the following descriptions applies to megaphylls?

A)can be found in both the pteridophytes and seed plants
B)are broad leaves with branched veins
C)allowed early plants to photosynthesize more efficiently
D)evolved around 370 MYA
E)All of the answer choices apply to megaphylls.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment?

A)a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue
B)a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant
C)the evolution of photosynthesis in order to supply the energy necessary to live on land
D)stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere

Question 32

Which of these vascular plants produce seeds?

A)ferns
B)club mosses
C)whisk ferns
D)gnetophytes
E)horsetails

Question 33

Horsetails are generally found in dry,sandy environments.

Question 34

Evidence for the evolution of plants from a feshwater algal species is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)both green algae and plants have chlorophylls a and b and various accessory pigments.
B)both green algae and plants store excess carbohydrates as starch and have cellulose in their cell walls.
C)molecular evaluation of ribosomal RNA provides evidence of the evolutionary relationship of plants and green algae.
D)plants and green algae share a significant number of structural similarities in root,stem,and leaf structures.

Question 35

Asexual reproduction in the liverwort Marchantia is by means of

A)the detachment of gemmae.
B)budding of daughter cells.
C)fragmentation of plant tissue.
D)the fusion of antheridial and archegonial products.

Question 36

Molecular data suggest that mosses,hornworts,and liverworts have individual lines of descent,but that they form a monophyletic group.

Question 37

The dominant plants in modern times are the ________ due to their relationship with animal pollinators.

A)gymnosperms
B)angiosperms
C)club mosses
D)ferns

Question 38

Flagellated sperm and a sporophyte that is dependent on the gametophyte are characteristics of

A)gymnosperm.
B)angiosperm.
C)ferns.
D)moss.
E)lycophytes.

Question 39

Characteristics of eudicots include all EXCEPT

A)two cotyledons.
B)leaves with netted veins.
C)woody or herbaceous plants.
D)flower parts in fours and fives.
E)vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

Question 40

What trends occurred in the size of the sporophyte and gametophyte generations as plants became adapted to life on land? How can these trends be explained?

Question 41

Which of the following features would NOT be found in bryophytes?

A)alternation of generations
B)megaphylls
C)flagellated sperm
D)a gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte

Question 42

Which group of gymnosperms is found in tropical and subtropical forests?

A)Ginkgoes
B)Conifers
C)Cycads
D)Gnetophytes
E)Lycophytes

Question 43

Fossils of vascular plants appear earlier in the fossil record than those of algae.

Question 44

Angiosperms are referred to as ________ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species.

A)dioecious
B)monoecious
C)tetraploid
D)bryophytes

Question 45

Explain why the seed plants would have an advantage over the seedless plants within a community.

Question 46

Compile a list of features that are found in the monocots and compare it to those features found in the eudicots.

Question 47

Which of the following features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte?

A)nonvascular tissues
B)gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle
C)presence of flagellated sperm
D)ability to reproduce sexually and asexually
E)dispersal of gametes by wind

Question 48

Describe why the taproot of a eudicot can give them an advantage in environments that are periodically exposed to drought conditions.

Question 49

Which group of gymnosperms is represented by only one surviving species?

A)Ginkgoes
B)Conifers
C)Cycads
D)Gnetophytes
E)Pines

Question 50

Which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence?

A)a cuticle
B)apical cells
C)plasmodesmata
D)placenta
E)All of these features would have helped.

Question 51

The reproductive structures of some cycad species produce nectar,and insects play a role in the pollination of these species.

Question 52

The largest and oldest trees in the world that are pollinated by animals are conifers.

Question 53

Cite various instances of how flowers and the pollination process have "coevolved."

Question 54

Which portion of the plant life cycle is haploid?

A)gametophyte
B)sporophyte
C)zygote
D)Both sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid.

Question 55

Briefly describe how the angiosperm population in a community would be impacted if the honeybee population were to decline.

Question 56

Which of the following groups of plants contain microphylls?

A)Lycophytes
B)Pteridophytes
C)Bryophytes
D)Gymnosperms
E)Angiosperms

Question 57

Which of the following statements about lycophytes is correct?

A)The megaspores will develop into female gametophytes.
B)The microspores will develop into female gametophytes.
C)The megaspores will develop into male gametophytes.
D)Lycophytes were the first land plants to evolve megaphylls.

Question 58

What is the correct sequence of events during the life cycle of a moss? a.Gametes are produced in the archegonia and antheridia.
B)Spores are released.
C)The zygote develops within the archegonium.
D)The mature sporophyte develops from the gametophyte and produces spores.
E)Flagellated sperm swim towards the egg for fertilization.
F)Spore germinates into the protonema.

A)a - e - c - d - b - f
B)a - e - f - d - b - c
C)a - b - d - c - b - f
D)f - e - b - d - a - c

Question 59

The gymnosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within a fruit.

Question 60

Why are seed producers the dominant plant today?

Question 61

As a botanist working for a field museum,you spend many hours in the field looking for new species.On a recent trip you may have discovered a new plant species.The plant is very short,and has a stem but no roots or leaves.The stem forks and has branches that have sporangia on the tips.Further analysis reveals vascular tissue.What type of plant might you have discovered?

A)Gymnosperm
B)Bryophyte
C)Angiosperm
D)Gingko
E)Rhyniophyte

Question 62

As a botanist working for a field museum,you spend many hours in the field looking for new species.On a recent trip you may have discovered a new plant species.Your observations of the new plant include small leaves with a single,unbranched vein and roots that seem to be simple extensions of the stem.Your new plant species is probably a(n):

A)Gnetophyte
B)Lycophyte
C)Angiosperm
D)Liverwort
E)Fern

Question 63

As a botanist working for a field museum,you spend many hours in the field looking for new species of plant.On a recent trip,you came across a group of plants that may represent a new species.Each plant has seeds but they are not encased in fruit.Additionally,you notice that male and female cone structures are found on different plants.The cones are very large,and you determine average weight to be 30 kg.In which of the following groups would this plant most likely be classified?

A)fern
B)angiosperm
C)gnetophyte
D)cycad
E)conifer