Deck 21: Sixteenth-century Art in Italy

Question 1

What about Bronzino's Allegory with Venus and Cupid would have probably been most appreciated by patrons of Mannerist art?

A) the clarity attained through the circular composition
B) the complex iconography and ambiguous meaning
C) the political implications
D) all of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Titian created a painting of __________ for the Duke of Urbino.

A) Pietà
B) a reclining nude
C) Madonna
D) landscape

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What distinguished Venetian painting of the late sixteenth century from works done in other Italian cities?

A) the use of oil paint on canvas
B) an emphasis on formal clarity and technical perfection
C) an interest in color, light, and loose expressive brushwork
D) the frequent use of nude figures

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Tempest is the most famous work of __________, a short-lived painter.

A) Romano
B) Corregio
C) Rossi
D) Giorgione

Question 5

Giorginone focused on the _____________ in The Tempest as much as the figures

A) individual portraits
B) landscape
C) religious figures
D) detailed architectural settings

Question 6

What element of Giacomo della Porta's design of Il Gesù was widely influential?

A) the wide nave
B) the single apse and dome at the crossing
C) a two-story façade emphasizing with the nave elevation
D) all of the above

Question 7

Michelangelo's Pietà was installed as a tomb monument in __________.

A) Gesù
B) Palazzo
C) Old St. Peter's
D) Tempietto

Question 8

Leonardo's famous drawing of a man inscribed within a circle and a square derives from his study of the Roman architect_________.

A) Publius
B) Constantine
C) Augustus
D) Vitruvius

Question 9

In Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling , the _____________are depicted in the spandrels.

A) prophets
B) signs of the zodiac
C) ancestors of Jesus
D) apostles

Question 10

Michelangelo's Last Judgment departs from medieval tradition by____________________

A) depicting nude figures
B) placing Christ at the center
C) not clearly separating the saved from the damned
D) using expressive emotion

Question 11

The current attribution of The Pastoral Concert or Allegory on the Invention of Pastoral Poetry is to the artist __________.

A) Titian
B) Giorgione
C) Corregio
D) Pontormo

Question 12

__________ was the first architect of Il Gesù .

A) Romano
B) Michelangelo
C) Vignola
D) Bramante

Question 13

Pope Julius II's vision for a new, worldwide Church based on ___________values inspired such artists as Raphael and Michelangelo to develop the artistic style of the High Renaissance.

A) Christian
B) classical
C) humanist
D) reformist

Question 14

Charles V was elected __________ in 1519.

A) King of France
B) Duke of Milan
C) Holy Roman Emperor
D) Duke of Florence

Question 15

__________ used the Doric order for the Tempietto because Vitruvius had specified it for temples to gods with forceful natures.

A) Raphael
B) Michelangelo
C) Bramante
D) Buontalenti

Question 16

Giorgione introduced _________, or enigmatic pastoral themes into Venetian painting.

A) Mannerism
B) poesie
C) allegories
D) Counter-Reformation themes

Question 17

__________ and Michelangelo were in the service of Pope Julius II in the early years of the sixteenth century.

A) Raphael
B) Pontormo
C) Brunnelleschi
D) Tintoretto

Question 18

Federigo II Gonzaga enticed Guilio Romano to build a palace in __________.

A) Florence
B) Mantua
C) Rome
D) Siena

Question 19

What element of Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin of the Rocks best embodies the principles of art in the High Renaissance?

A) the references to classical subject matter
B) the balanced pyramidal grouping of figures
C) the somber mood created through darkened tones
D) the unusual landscape of the background

Question 20

Which of these works by Michelangelo was made in Rome?

A) the Pietà
B) David
C) Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici with Allegorical Figures of Day and Night
D) Vestibule of the Laurentian Library

Question 21

Francesco Mazzola, otherwise known as __________, painted in a manner calculated to intrigue viewers.

A) Corregio
B) Veronese
C) Tintoretto
D) Parmigianino

Question 22

The trompe l'oeil paintings of the Sala dei Giganti in the Palazzo del Tè create the illusion of ______________.

A) a window onto the exterior courtyard and gardens
B) multiple panel paintings and architectural features adorning the walls
C) a magnificent view over the city
D) the room collapsing around the viewer

Question 23

The architectural design for the Palazzo del Tè plays on the patron's knowledge of _____________.

A) Classical orders and proportions
B) building materials and techniques
C) contemporary Italian literature
D) Christian symbolism

Question 24

What feature of Palladio's Villa Rotunda had not previously been used on a domestic structure?

A) a portico
B) exterior sculpture
C) the dome
D) Ionic columns

Question 25

Bronzino's Allegory with Venus and Cupid could stand alone as a summary of __________.

A) Veneto
B) Renaissance
C) Mannerism
D) Inquisition

Question 26

The Venetian artist __________ proclaimed he wanted to combine Titian's color with the drawing of Michelangelo.

A) Michelangelo
B) Romano
C) Tintoretto
D) Veronese

Question 27

Michelangelo's vestibule of the Laurentian Library in Florence foreshadows Mannerism by ______________.

A) enhancing the harmony and balance of Brunelleschi's original structure
B) playfully combining architectural forms in a way that calls attention to themselves
C) focusing on functionality and accommodating the building's users
D) adhering closely to the traditions of Classical form in architecture

Question 28

__________ was called before the Inquisition for placing Jesus in the company of unsavory characters in the painting Feast in the House of Levi .

A) Michelangelo
B) Romano
C) Tintoretto
D) Veronese

Question 29

In contrast to Leonardo da Vinci's beliefs, Michelangelo believed __________to be the most complete means of creating an illusion of the natural world.

A) painting
B) sculpture
C) drawing
D) none of the above

Question 30

Sofonisba Anguissola's father consulted with the artist __________ about his daughter's artistic talents.

A) Tintoretto
B) Michelangelo
C) Cellini
D) Veronese

Question 31

The Capponi Chapel contains Deposition by the artist __________.

A) Pontormo
B) Romano
C) Tintoretto
D) Veronese

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mannerism?

A) irrational spatial environments
B) esoteric subject matter
C) subtle coloration and lighting effects
D) elongated proportions

Question 33

Which artist was NOT commissioned by Pope Julius II to help him realize his vision of a revitalized Rome as the center of a new Christian architecture?

A) Bramante
B) Raphael
C) Michelangelo
D) Leonardo da Vinci

Question 34

What was the cause of the extensive damage to Leonardo's painting of The Last Supper that occurred shortly after its completion?

A) the humid climate in Milan
B) the experimental technique used in its production
C) bombings during World War II
D) poor attempts at restoration of the work

Question 35

Why is Sofonisba Anguissola unusual among women artists in the sixteenth century?

A) She painted miniatures.
B) She became a lady in waiting.
C) She was not the daughter of an artist.
D) She was from Bologna.

Question 36

The city of ___________ produced a notable number of accomplished women painters and sculptors.

A) Florence
B) Venice
C) Bologna
D) Rome

Question 37

Cellini made his most famous work in the French court at __________.

A) Fontainebleau
B) Avignon
C) Nice
D) Paris

Question 38

How did Michelangelo alter Bramante's plan for St. Peter's Basilica?

A) He shifted to a Latin Cross plan.
B) He simplified the plan to allow for a more open, unified interior.
C) He called for a taller slimmer dome.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

What city attracted some of the greatest Italian artists of the sixteenth century at the beginning of their careers?

A) Rome
B) Florence
C) Venice
D) Mantua

Question 40

By the end of the sixteenth century, the city of __________ was regarded as the "queen of the Adriatic."

A) Florence
B) Venice
C) Rome
D) Bologna

Question 41

The ________________ of Giambologna's Capture of a Sabine Woman (21-37) encourages viewers to explore it.

A) Classical goddess
B) contrapposto pose
C) spiraling composition
D) detailed rendering of the drapery

Question 42

Recent scholarship suggests that Titian's "Venus" of Urbino (21-28) was meant to represent_____________.

A) a classical goddess
B) a newly married woman
C) a Venetian courtisan
D) a specific individual

Question 43

____________ was the first pope to pursue church reform in response to Protestants.

A) Francis I
B) Paul III
C) Julius II
D) Clement VII

Question 44

Charles V sacked __________ in 1527.

A) the Netherlands
B) Venice
C) Rome
D) Antwerp

Question 45

Giorgio __________ wrote the first survey of Italian art in 1550.

A) Vasari
B) Farnese
C) della Rovere
D) della Porta

Question 46

The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci was painted at a monastery in __________.

A) Venice
B) Milan
C) Paris
D) Rome

Question 47

Why was Michelangelo's Greek Cross plan for St. Peter's Basilica later changed to a longitudinal plan?

A) to resemble Old St. Peter's more closely
B) to reflect ancient Roman traditions
C) to accommodate changes in liturgical practice during the Counter-Reformation
D) none of the above

Question 48

What design feature of the Church of Il Gesù in Rome developed in response to Catholicism's emphasis on individual, emotional participation during the Counter-Reformation?

A) the combination of a lower-level façade with colossal columns supporting a raised entablature and pediment in the center
B) scrolled volutes, which tie together the two levels of the façade and hide the supporting buttresses
C) the wide nave, shallow side chapels, and elimination of aisles
D) all of the above

Question 49

Raphael's well-known fresco The School of Athens summarizes the ideals envisioned by __________in both its subject matter and harmonious formal arrangement.

A) the Medici Family of Florence
B) the Renaissance Popes
C) the Doni Family of Florence
D)the Holy Roman Emperor

Question 50

Which artists worked simultaneously at the Vatican on separate commissions?

A) Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
B) Michelangelo and Raphael
C) Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci
D) Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael

Question 51

Which disconcerting detail is NOT found in Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck ?

A) the sleeping Christ child recalls the dead Christ in the Pieta
B) the Virgin appears to sit on a throne but there is none present
C) a serpent with the face of a young girl
D) a disproportionately small figure of St. Jerome in the background

Question 52

How did its patron respond to Veronese's Feast in the House of Levi?

A) The painting was praised as propaganda for the Counter-Reformation.
B) The church was offended by its grand

Question 53

What was the function of the exquisitely crafted sculpture with figures of Neptune and Earth that Cellini made for the King of France?

A) It was an oil lamp.
B) It was a dispenser for salt and pepper.
C) It was a water basin.
D) It was a jewelry box.

Question 54

What subject matter was popular among Mannerist painters of the mid sixteenth century?

A) portraits
B) religious imagery
C) classical and allegorical themes
D) all of the above

Question 55

How does Michelangelo's David differ from the classical sculpture that inspired it?

A) the use of heroic nudity
B) the figure's contrapposto stance
C) the figure's emotional intensity
D) the figure's muscular physique

Question 56

What characteristic of Tintoretto's painting style was criticized by his contemporaries?

A) the spontaneity of his slashing brushwork
B) his use of strong diagonals and active compositions
C) his deep colors and flashing highlights, reminiscent of Byzantine art
D) his elongated figures with non-classical proportions

Question 57

Popular among Venetian painters in the sixteenth century, poesie were inspired by a trend in contemporary __________that revived ancient motifs.

A) theater
B) literature
C) music
D) dance

Question 58

The use of tempera gave way to __________ painting technique in the High Italian Renaissance.

A) water
B) fresco
C) wax
D) oil

Question 59

Which of the following projects in the Sistine Chapel was considered the most prestigious and expensive commission?

A) the Sistine ceiling by Michelangelo
B) The Last Judgment by Michelangelo
C) The Life of Christ frescoes by Perugino
D) the tapestry program by Raphael

Question 60

Pope Julius II's private library was painted by __________.

A) Giorgione
B) Michelangelo
C) Tintoretto
D) Raphael

Question 61

What is the arrangement of images on the Sistine Chapel Ceiling and why are the scenes ordered in that way?

Question 62

Why is Michelangelo's David so well regarded and revered?

Question 63

What qualities or features typify Venetian Renaissance painting?

Question 64

What role did the Jesuits play in patronizing Roman artists or architects?

Question 65

Possibly a self-portrait, __________ on the Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici may serve as Michelangelo's signature and justify his presence there.

A) shield
B) the coint
C) the mask
D) servant

Question 66

Several changes, including ___________ in the final product suggest that tapestry weavers did NOT slavishly follow Raphael's cartoons.

A) eliminating several figures
B) leaving the background a solid color
C) staging the scene in front of a cityscape
D) making Christ's garment more elaborate

Question 67

What are some general features of painting in the High Italian Renaissance?

Question 68

Who were the main figures in the Venetian Renaissance?

Question 69

In what ways was Leonardo da Vinci experimental with his artwork?

Question 70

Raphael's portrait of Maddalena Strozzi imitates _____________.

A) the Mona Lisa
B) Venus of Urbino
C) the Pieta
D) Tintoretto

Question 71

_________________ is one of the few women who became a sculptor.

A) Sofonisba Anguissola
B) Properzia de' Rossi
C) Isabella d' Este
D) Lavinia Fontana

Question 72

Why did Raphael change his painting style?

Question 73

The ______________ issued guidelines that limited what could be represented in art.

A) Pope
B) Holy Roman Emperor
C) Council of Trent
D) Inquisition

Question 74

A full-scale drawing called a __________ is a model for a major painting, tapestry or other two-dimensional work of art.

A) engraving
B) sinopia
C) cartoon
D) woodcut

Question 75

What was the debate between painting and sculpture during the High Italian Renaissance?

Question 76

How was St. Peter's Basilica modified during the sixteenth century?

Question 77

A variant of chiaroscuro, Leonardo's _____________ is characterized by subtle transitions between light and dark in shading.

A) grisaille
B) sfumato
C) poesie
D) intonaco

Question 78

The ________________ of Fontana's Noli me Tangere is typical of Late Mannerist painting.

A) diagonal plunge into depth
B) monumentality of the figures
C) focus on clarity and simplicity
D) muted color palette

Question 79

Along with Perugino, ____________ was an important influence on the youthful Raphael.

A) Michelangelo
B) Titian
C) Leonardo
D) Giorgione

Question 80

Cellini's fanciful ____________made for King Francis I demonstrates how Mannerist practices in painting were transferred into exquisite sculptures.

A) apple
B) saltcellar
C) facade
D) engraving