Deck 1: Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present

Question 1

A researcher randomly assigned participants to two groups.Group A received the drug whenever they reported depressive symptoms to the experimenter; group B received no drugs at any point.In this study,group A was the:

A) experimental group.
B) control group.
C) correlational group.
D) cross-sectional group.

Answer 1

experimental group.

Question 2

The textbook authors describe the treatment of mental illness in the early 1600s as a forerunner to community mental health programs because:

A) local residents provided housing,food,and companionship to the mentally ill.
B) asylums were created to provide long-term care for those persons with mental illness.
C) government officials enacted laws to protect the rights of those persons with mental illness.
D) those persons receiving care for mental illness were required to "give back" in the form of community service.

Answer 2

local residents provided housing,food,and companionship to the mentally ill.

Question 3

To accomplish random assignment,one could assign participants to groups by:

A) placing all the participants sharing an important characteristic in the same group.
B) making sure there is only one participant in each group.
C) flipping a coin to determine group assignment.
D) asking participants to choose the group they prefer.

Answer 3

flipping a coin to determine group assignment.

Question 4

Freud believed that all functioning,normal and abnormal,originates from:

A) one's underlying biological makeup.
B) unconscious psychological processes.
C) the internal battle between good and evil.
D) conscious internal drives and moral external forces.

Question 5

How did the perception of patients with psychological problems change during the spread of moral treatment?

A) They were seen as dependent and as a drain on society's resources.
B) They were seen as morally superior to people without psychological problems.
C) They were seen as potentially productive human beings who deserved care.
D) They were seen as religious proselytizers who treated everyone with kindness.

Question 6

Which statement about the various viewpoints of clinical psychology is TRUE?

A) Various perspectives coexist,and they often conflict and compete with one another.
B) Since the late 1950s,the biological perspective is the primary perspective taught in medical schools.
C) Although many perspectives exist,the psychoanalytic perspective remains the dominant perspective in the field.
D) Among the various perspectives,those most highly regarded are those based on the influence of external factors.

Question 7

What is the most famous characteristic of Bethlehem Hospital,founded in London in 1547?

A) Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients.
B) It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates.
C) It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives.
D) It was the first asylum in which the moral treatment of patients was practiced.

Question 8

The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is:

A) a natural experiment.
B) a matched-design experiment.
C) an analogue experiment.
D) a single-subject experiment.

Question 9

Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more:

A) hospital-focused.
B) multicultural.
C) positive.
D) dependent on the use of medications.

Question 10

In the Middle Ages,the model of mental illness that MOST people believed in was the:

A) moral model.
B) medical model.
C) psychogenic model.
D) demonology model.

Question 11

Which of these was Philippe Pinel's argument for his asylum reform?

A) Mental problems had a biological basis and required medication.
B) Patients were afflicted by demons and needed prayer and exorcisms.
C) Patients were people with illnesses that should be treated with sympathy.
D) Mental illness was caused by immoral behavior and could be cured with beatings.

Question 12

Which statement LEAST supports the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior?

A) Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking.
B) Alcoholism tends to run in families.
C) People with Lyme disease often have psychological symptoms.
D) Most people with depression are helped with medication.

Question 13

A theorist who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with problems in living as:

A) pupils.
B) patients.
C) trainees.
D) clients.

Question 14

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders.This drug would be classified as:

A) psychogenic.
B) somatogenic.
C) psychotropic.
D) somatotropic.

Question 15

Which statement BEST describes the effect of technology on mental health?

A) There is widespread consensus that technology causes deviant and dysfunctional behavior.
B) Technology has eroded society's sense of community and people's desire to engage with others.
C) There is no research-based evidence to support any connect between technology and mental health.
D) Technology provides new triggers for abnormal behaviors.

Question 16

If a university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential physically,educationally,and spiritually,that program would have elements MOST similar to:

A) mental health prevention programs.
B) positive psychology programs.
C) deinstitutionalization programs.
D) outpatient therapy.

Question 17

Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were:

A) physicians.
B) nobility.
C) peasants.
D) clergy.

Question 18

A "fake" pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a:

A) placebo.
B) confound.
C) random variable.
D) dependent variable.

Question 19

Which statement about distress is TRUE?

A) Distress is a subjective experience.
B) Distress is always considered abnormal.
C) Distress is more common in young children.
D) Distress is always characterized by overt,observable signs.

Question 20

Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than individuals with mental disorders to say:

A) "I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me."
B) "I am in a lot of pain,and I suffer a great deal."
C) "I wish I were not so 'unique.' "
D) "I'm different,and I like it."

Question 21

Which statement distinguishes a quasi-experimental study from a "pure experiment"?

A) The quasi-experiment does not use a control group.
B) The quasi-experiment uses multiple groups for comparison.
C) The quasi-experiment does not use any experimental control.
D) The quasi-experiment does not allow for manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 22

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression.The researcher may therefore be confident that:

A) life stress causes symptoms of depression.
B) symptoms of depression cause life stress.
C) something else causes stress and depression.
D) life stress and depression are related.

Question 23

Which question does the use of statistical analyses in research help answer?

A) Where does bias exist?
B) How likely is it that the study's findings occurred by chance?
C) How many people will be directly affected by the study results?
D) Which inclusion criteria should be applied when selecting participants?

Question 24

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

A) distress
B) deviance
C) dysfunction
D) danger to self or others

Question 25

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:

A) moral therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) psychogenic therapy.
D) all psychological therapy.

Question 26

Toward the end of the Middle Ages,cities began to flourish.How did this help foster a shift away from demonology?

A) City officials made it illegal to teach demonology.
B) Government officials took over care of the mentally ill.
C) Government officials began to treat the mentally ill as criminals.
D) The mentally ill were run out of cities and left to take care of themselves.

Question 27

Which pair of words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health?

A) prevention and positive psychology
B) perfection and primary psychology
C) people and professional psychology
D) promotion and public psychology

Question 28

The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment)is called the:

A) control group.
B) confound group.
C) dependent group.
D) experimental group.

Question 29

Compared with the number of patients hospitalized in U.S.mental hospitals in the 1950s,the number of hospitalized patients today is:

A) significantly less.
B) slightly less.
C) slightly more.
D) significantly more.

Question 30

The asylums of the 1500s were originally:

A) churches and parishes.
B) privately owned homes.
C) hospitals and monasteries.
D) prisons and government offices.

Question 31

In what way did the experiments performed by Bernheim and Liébault provide support for the psychogenic perspective of abnormality?

A) Using hypnosis,they could produce artificial symptoms such as blindness in healthy subjects.
B) Using small amounts of electrical current,they could induce "false" psychological problems in healthy subjects.
C) Using biofeedback systems,they could reduce anxiety symptoms in subjects.
D) Using guided imagery,they could cure patients with a variety of psychological disorders.

Question 32

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

A) they are not deviant.
B) they freely choose and enjoy their behavior.
C) they are dangerous only to others,not to themselves.
D) while they are distressed by their behavior,others are not.

Question 33

If a person's primary symptom was excessive worry,the psychotropic drug MOST likely to be prescribed for that person would be an:

A) antipsychotic.
B) antidepressant.
C) antibiotic.
D) antianxiety medication.

Question 34

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the:

A) policy of deinstitutionalization.
B) decrease in the effectiveness of medications.
C) decrease in the use of private psychotherapy.
D) move to the community mental health approach.

Question 35

A student says,"The problem with single-subject experiments is that there is no control group,so you don't know if the treatment is effective." The BEST reply is:

A) You're absolutely right.
B) If you use a reversal design,then participants serve as their own controls.
C) Researchers routinely include control participants along with the actual participants.
D) You don't need controls; single-subject experiments are always double-masked.

Question 36

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable.If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable,they are called:

A) irrelevant.
B) confounds.
C) masked variables.
D) random variables.

Question 37

Luther experiences unshakable sadness.His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works.An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition:

A) mania.
B) hysteria.
C) delusions.
D) melancholia.

Question 38

Johann Weyer was a physician in the:

A) 1200s.
B) 1500s.
C) 1700s.
D) 1800s.

Question 39

Which is the BEST example of baseline data in a single-subject design?

A) how well the treated behavior generalizes to a nontreatment setting
B) the level of the treated behavior at the immediate end of treatment
C) how long the treatment is maintained
D) the level of behavior before treatment begins

Question 40

Which statement is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health professions?

A) There are more female psychiatrists than female counselors.
B) Women,as a group,prefer working in clinical settings.
C) The profession with the highest percentage of women practitioners is social work.
D) Female psychologists earn more than male psychologists.

Question 41

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives,health,and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:

A) the behavior is not illegal.
B) they are just considered eccentric.
C) they don't harm anyone but themselves.
D) drinking is considered part of college culture.

Question 42

Which feature is NOT common in managed care programs?

A) preapproval for treatment by the insurance company
B) patient choice in number of therapy sessions
C) ongoing reviews and assessments
D) limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from

Question 43

A society's _____ is(are)comprised of that society's history,values,institutions,habits,skills,technology,and arts.

A) laws
B) norms
C) culture
D) conventions

Question 44

Efforts to help people develop personally meaningful activities and healthy relationships are a part of:

A) eco-anxiety treatment.
B) a somatogenic approach to treatment.
C) the clinical practice of positive psychology.
D) an eccentric's level of creativity.

Question 45

For people to decide about participating in psychological research,they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and of their rights.This principle is called:

A) risk disclosure.
B) benefit analysis.
C) informed consent.
D) privacy.

Question 46

Which study findings were MOST likely generated from an epidemiological study?

A) The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than it is in the United States.
B) Autism is not caused by influenza vaccinations.
C) Child abuse is often found in the backgrounds of individuals with dissociative disorders.
D) Alcoholism runs in families.

Question 47

The person who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was:

A) John Dix.
B) Joseph Gall.
C) William Tuke.
D) Benjamin Rush.

Question 48

In an ABAB design study,a researcher is measuring the level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program.What is the first A in the study?

A) healthy eating habits
B) exercise
C) no exercise
D) depression

Question 49

Not all participants are the same.What do researchers use to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation?

A) a control group
B) random selection
C) random assignment
D) an experimental group

Question 50

Morgan hears voices that others do not but she is not distressed by them.This illustrates that:

A) distress must always be used to determine abnormality.
B) behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal.
C) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.
D) behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal.

Question 51

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups.Group A received a new drug in pill form.Group B was given an identical-looking placebo pill.A panel of psychiatrists,who did not know which pill each participant received,evaluated all participants for level of agitation.In this study,experimenter bias was reduced by:

A) having experienced psychiatrists evaluate agitation.
B) having researchers who didn't know who got which pill.
C) adding another placebo condition.
D) adding a therapy group.

Question 52

It is thought that people in prehistoric societies believed abnormal behavior resulted from:

A) advancing age.
B) a person not having a soul.
C) evil spirits that invaded the body.
D) a state of being disconnected from the Earth and nature.

Question 53

What is the major ethical concern with research on Facebook users?

A) There are not enough Facebook users to make the research worthwhile.
B) Facebook users don't always know they are being studied.
C) Research projects have not been approved by universities where they are conducted.
D) It is unethical to observe public behavior.

Question 54

A study of informed consent forms showed that:

A) most research participants don't receive them.
B) most research participants are insulted by them.
C) many research participants don't understand them.
D) most research participants already know their rights.

Question 55

Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as:

A) psychiatric.
B) somatogenic.
C) psychogenic.
D) supernatural.

Question 56

Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors,one of which was:

A) water.
B) lymph gland fluid.
C) phlegm.
D) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 57

Friedrich Anton Mesmer became famous,or "infamous," for his work with patients who were suffering from bodily problems that had no physical basis.His patients' disorders are termed:

A) somatogenic.
B) hysterical.
C) phlegmatic.
D) bilious.

Question 58

Why did many of the asylums in the 1500s became virtual prisons over time?

A) overcrowding
B) food shortages during this period
C) research linking mental illness with crime
D) public outcry over the dangers of mental illness

Question 59

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be _____ than they were 50 years ago.

A) medicated with psychotropic drugs
B) hospitalized in mental institutions
C) homeless or in prison
D) treated in outpatient facilities

Question 60

Tanner is confused and usually thinks that he is a superhero.If his psychiatrist ordered medication,it would MOST likely be a(n):

A) stimulant drug.
B) antianxiety drug.
C) antipsychotic drug.
D) antidepressant drug.

Question 61

The goal of scientific research is BEST described as seeking to:

A) prove cause and effect.
B) advance the field of clinical medicine.
C) explain relationships between variables.
D) generate hypotheses that seek to answer global questions.

Question 62

Efforts to address the needs of children who are at risk for developing mental disorders (babies of teenage mothers,children of those with severe mental disorders)are categorized as:

A) positive psychology.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) eco-anxiety treatment.
D) preventive.

Question 63

Shaun wants to be a good participant.He knows that his professor is an environmentalist,so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position.This is an example of:

A) subject bias.
B) a placebo effect.
C) random variation.
D) experimenter bias.

Question 64

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists.Which type of study design would prevent this problem?

A) longitudinal
B) double-masked
C) epidemiological
D) experimental

Question 65

A psychologist does a study of an individual that involves history-taking,tests,and interviews of associates.A clear picture is then constructed of this individual so that her behavior is better understood.This study is a(n):

A) longitudinal study.
B) case study.
C) experimental study.
D) correlational study.

Question 66

The incidence of HIV-positive cases on campus tells you:

A) a person's risk of becoming HIV positive.
B) the number of new HIV-positive cases measured in a time period.
C) the total number of HIV-positive cases at a given point.
D) the on-campus HIV-positive rate compared to the national average.

Question 67

A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the era when Sigmund Freud was practicing is that:

A) fewer patients are suffering from anxiety and depression.
B) fewer patients receive outpatient treatment.
C) people are more likely to receive treatment for problems in living.
D) there are fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one type of problem.

Question 68

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that:

A) mental patients should be deinstitutionalized.
B) organic factors can cause mental illness.
C) antibiotics cannot "cure" viral diseases.
D) physicians should be the practitioners treating mental illnesses.

Question 69

Researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States,approximately _____ percent of people with psychological disorders receive clinical treatment.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60

Question 70

People in the Middle Ages might find that a flash mob is MOST similar to:

A) mass madness.
B) melancholia.
C) trephination.
D) general paresis.

Question 71

The Middle Ages condition of mass madness referred to a large group of people who:

A) believed that God did not exist.
B) had borderline personality disorder.
C) shared delusions and hallucinations.
D) engaged in violent criminal acts against others.

Question 72

Deviant behavior is behavior that:

A) is illegal.
B) violates the society's norms.
C) is dangerous to self or others.
D) causes dysfunction in the individual's life.

Question 73

Which statement about deviant behavior is TRUE?

A) What is defined as deviant can change over time.
B) What is considered deviant behavior is the same across all cultures.
C) Deviant behavior is a precursor to psychologically abnormal behavior.
D) People who engage in deviant behavior are always unaware that their behavior is deviant.

Question 74

"What is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now!" The client who says this is MOST likely voicing concern about a:

A) managed care program.
B) private psychotherapist.
C) community mental health agency.
D) sociocultural resource center.

Question 75

How can therapists use correlational research findings in their practice?

A) Therapists can eliminate nonrelated conditions from the patient's assessment.
B) Therapists can determine which related conditions are likely and assess for early signs of their presence.
C) Therapists can statistically determine which patients will benefit from specific treatments.
D) Therapists can employ preemptive therapy to prevent related conditions from developing.

Question 76

A researcher's expectations about a study can affect its outcome.The type of research design used specifically to address this problem is a(n):

A) experiment.
B) random-assignment design.
C) matched control group design.
D) masked design.

Question 77

Research suggests that one negative effect of adolescents using social media sites is that these sites may:

A) increase peer pressure and social anxiety.
B) encourage improper language skills.
C) expose children to negative news stories.
D) reward people for underperforming in school.

Question 78

An example of an analogue experiment is:

A) following human participants who lost their homes in a tornado,starting the day after the loss and observing their stress levels over time.
B) having human participants live for a week in a simulated mental hospital to see how they respond.
C) following a group of individuals with schizophrenia over a long period of time.
D) following individuals within their natural environments and noting behavioral responses.

Question 79

The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud was:

A) prayer.
B) bloodletting.
C) hypnotism.
D) trephining.

Question 80

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:

A) releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain.
B) bringing the four body humors back into balance.
C) punishing the body for its sins.
D) giving control over to a higher power.