Deck 28: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following lines the nasal cavity and helps remove pathogens?

A) Pharynx
B) Nasal septum
C) Nasal conchae
D) Cilia
E) Paranasal sinuses

Answer 1

Cilia

Question 2

Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth?

A) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
B) Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
C) Increased oxygen level in the blood
D) Increased pH in the blood
E) Decreased pH in the blood

Answer 2

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Question 3

What is the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation called?

A) Tidal volume
B) Inspiratory reserve volume
C) Peak expiratory flow
D) Residual volume
E) Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 4

Which of these occurs when air leaves the lungs?

A) The diaphragm relaxes.
B) Thoracic pressure decreases.
C) The diaphragm flattens, enlarging the thoracic cavity.
D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs.
E) Air pressure in the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure.

Question 5

Which of the following exerts control on the respiratory rhythm?

A) Fear
B) Pons
C) pH of the blood
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Pain

Question 6

Which of the following does not occur when air enters the lungs?

A) Thoracic pressure decreases.
B) The diaphragm flattens.
C) The diaphragm relaxes.
D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs.
E) The amount of space in the thoracic cavity increases.

Question 7

Which of the following describes the function of cilia?

A) Mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
B) Tiny structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material
C) Tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx
D) Composed of macrophages and destroy inhaled pathogens
E) Flap-like structures that close off the larynx during swallowing

Question 8

What is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation called?

A) Tidal volume
B) Inspiratory reserve volume
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Residual volume
E) Inspiratory capacity

Question 9

The nasal cavity is divided by the ____.

A) pharynx
B) nasal septum
C) nasal conchae
D) cilia
E) paranasal sinuses

Question 10

The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is the ____.

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume
E) inspiratory capacity

Question 11

Which of the following is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Residual volume
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity
E) Forced vital capacity

Question 12

Which of these are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs?

A) Bronchioles
B) Alveoli
C) Pleura
D) Cilia
E) Bronchi

Question 13

Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?

A) Alveoli
B) Pleura
C) Glottis
D) Epiglottis
E) Pharynx

Question 14

Which of the following does not affect the respiratory rate?

A) Pons
B) Carbon dioxide in the blood
C) Medulla oblongata
D) pH of the blood
E) Pain

Question 15

Normally, when blood levels of carbon dioxide rise, ____.

A) the rate and depth of breathing increase
B) the rate of breathing increases, and breathing becomes shallow
C) the rate of breathing decreases, and breathing becomes shallow
D) the rate of breathing decreases, but depth of breathing increases
E) the rate and depth of breathing decrease

Question 16

The ____ are the part of the respiratory tree to which the alveoli are attached.

A) bronchioles
B) alveoli
C) pleura
D) epiglottis
E) capillaries

Question 17

What is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords?

A) Bronchus
B) Nasal cavity
C) Glottis
D) Epiglottis
E) Pharynx

Question 18

How does the level of carbon dioxide in the person's blood change when a person hyperventilates?

A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Increases only during inhalation
D) Increases only during exhalation
E) Decreases only during exhalation

Question 19

Which of the following extend(s) from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A) Pharynx
B) Nasal septum
C) Nasal conchae
D) Cilia
E) Paranasal sinuses

Question 20

Which of the following allow the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid?

A) Bronchioles
B) Alveoli
C) Cilia
D) Glottis
E) Pleura

Question 21

The total amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible is the ____.

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) tidal volume

Question 22

Which of the following is caused by smoking or by exposure to radon, asbestos, or industrial carcinogens?

A) Influenza
B) Legionnaire's disease
C) Lung cancer
D) Pleuritis
E) Atelectasis

Question 23

Which of the following is not a form of pneumoconiosis?

A) Anthracosis
B) Bronchitis
C) Asbestosis
D) Silicosis
E) Black lung disease

Question 24

It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of ____. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling.

A) SARS
B) COPD
C) SIDS
D) TB
E) RDS

Question 25

Smokers are much more likely to develop ____ than are nonsmokers, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually developing lung cancer.

A) asthma
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumonia
E) atelectasis

Question 26

Mr. Adams is 46 years old, is 5 feet 6 inches tall, and weighs 278 pounds. He has no physical complaints, but has come to the office because lately his wife has been complaining more and more about his snoring. She says it keeps her awake at night. He wonders if there is anything he can do about it, but he warns, "I won't wear one of those machine things at night!" When taking his history, you note that his tonsils were removed when he was 14. He has no allergies and does not complain of nasal congestion. He does not drink alcohol. Which of the following suggestions is most likely to help Mr. Adams with his snoring problem?

A) "Drink a glass of wine before going to bed each night."
B) "Surgery is probably the best way to relieve your snoring."
C) "Take an over-the-counter sleep aid so you will sleep more soundly."
D) "A CPAP machine is a good option, and you won't mind it once you get used to it."
E) "Losing weight is a good way to help reduce your snoring, and you'll be healthier, too."

Question 27

____ is a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility.

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Pneumothorax
D) Sinusitis
E) Pneumoconiosis

Question 28

Which of these is not caused by cigarette smoking?

A) Laryngitis
B) Bronchitis
C) Pleuritis
D) Lung cancer
E) Emphysema

Question 29

Which of the following is caused by a virus and lasts 5-10 days?

A) COPD
B) Influenza
C) Legionnaire's disease
D) Pleurisy
E) Emphysema

Question 30

What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at all times called?

A) Expiratory reserve volume
B) Functional residual capacity
C) Vital capacity
D) Total lung capacity
E) Residual volume

Question 31

Which of the following is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis?

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) SARS
D) Emphysema
E) Pneumothorax

Question 32

In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree?

A) Asthma
B) Bronchitis
C) Pleurisy
D) Pneumonia
E) Atelectasis

Question 33

Which of the following is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal?

A) SARS
B) Sinusitis
C) SIDS
D) TB
E) RDS

Question 34

Denise is a 24-year-old who has been diagnosed with SARS. She has a fever, headache, and says she just aches all over. She is very worried, though, because she is a single mother and has two young children, ages 3 and 5. She knows that SARS is highly contagious and sometimes fatal, and she does not want to transmit the disease to her children. Which of the following might be your best suggestion for Denise?

A) "Don't worry; children have a natural immunity to most diseases."
B) "Just be sure to wash your hands before feeding the children."
C) "Is there someone else your children could stay with until you recover?"
D) "Wear a mask and gloves at all times."
E) "Make sure the children wash their hands frequently."

Question 35

Which of these is a chronic condition that damages the alveoli of the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli and paralyzes the cilia of the respiratory system?

A) Asthma
B) Emphysema
C) Pleurisy
D) Pneumonia
E) SARS

Question 36

The ____ is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold.

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) peak expiratory flow

Question 37

Which of the following conditions may occur when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs?

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) TB
D) Pneumothorax
E) RDS

Question 38

Georgia is a 27-year-old patient who has allergic rhinitis. She has a severe allergy to animal dander, which causes sneezing and severe congestion. She is engaged to marry Bob, who has a cat. The cat is almost 15 years old and has been with Bob since it was a kitten. Finding another home for the cat is not an option-neither Bob nor Georgia wants to do that. Unfortunately, over-the-counter antihistamines have not worked. Georgia states that she is currently taking Allegra, but it is plain to see that she is still very congested. What alternatives might the physician suggest for Georgia?

A) Double the amount of Allegra she is taking
B) Wear a mask when the cat is in the room
C) Do not allow the cat into the bedroom at night
D) See an allergist for desensitization injections
E) There is no other option but to get rid of the cat

Question 39

Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems?

A) COPD
B) Influenza
C) Legionnaire's disease
D) Pleurisy
E) Laryngitis

Question 40

In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged?

A) Asthma
B) Tuberculosis
C) COPD
D) Pneumonia
E) Allergic rhinitis

Question 41

Letter J designates the ________, which contain the bronchial trees and alveoli.

Question 42

Letter B on the figure is the ________, which is made of bones and cartilage.

Question 43

The structure indicated by the letter F is a(n) ________.

Question 44

The ________, designated by letter H, are the main stems off the distal end of the trachea.

Question 45

The opening between the vocal cords (Letter E on the figure) is the ________.

Question 46

Letter G is the ________, which extends from the larynx to the bronchi.

Question 47

The third cartilage of the larynx is called the ________ cartilage, which forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx and a small part of the anterior wall.

Question 48

Letter K on the figure represents the ________, a muscle that contracts and relaxes to control the amount of space in the thoracic cavity.

Question 49

The alveolar sac is connected to letter D, which is a(n) ________.

Question 50

The ________ (letter F) lies just above the trachea; it moves air in and out of the trachea and produces the sounds of the voice.

Question 51

Allergic ________ is a hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens.

Question 52

Letter A is a(n) ________, which branches off the tertiary bronchi.

Question 53

Letter C on the figure is the ________, which belongs to both the respiratory system and the digestive system.

Question 54

The structure indicated by letter G is the ________, which is considered the "working tissue" of the lung.

Question 55

The structure indicated by the letter E on the figure is the ________.

Question 56

Letter D on the figure is the ________. a flap-like structure that closes off the larynx during swallowing.

Question 57

Letter I on the figure represents the ________, which branch off the tertiary bronchi within the lungs.

Question 58

Letter A is the ________, a passage through which air flows to the pharynx.

Question 59

Another name for an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) or the common cold is ________.

Question 60

Lung diseases that result from years of exposure to different environmental or occupational types of dust are called ________.

Question 61

Difficulty breathing, especially when lying down, is a condition known as ________.

Question 62

Letter A in the figure is the ________, which forms the framework for the epiglottis.

Question 63

A pleural effusion caused by an infective process may result in a pus buildup, which is known as ________.

Question 64

Letter D in the figure represents the ________, which forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx.

Question 65

The medical term for a collapsed lung is ________.

Question 66

Symptoms of atelectasis include dyspnea, ________ or excessive perspiration, anxiety, tachycardia, and intercostal muscle retraction.

Question 67

The largest cartilage in the larynx, indicated by letter C, is the ________.

Question 68

The ________, shown at letter E in the figure, transports air to the bronchi.

Question 69

Breathing rapidly and deeply, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, is called ________.

Question 70

Inadequate oxygenation of the cells is called ________.

Question 71

The ________ is the flap-like structure that closes off the larynx during swallowing so that food and liquids do not enter the respiratory system when swallowing occurs.

Question 72

The respiratory symptoms of lung cancer include a cough that worsens over time and ______, or coughing up blood.

Question 73

A pleural effusion that consists of air in the pleural cavity is also called a(n) ________.

Question 74

A pleural effusion caused by fluid in the pleural cavity is called a(n) ________.

Question 75

A condition in which the pleura become inflamed is ________ or pleurisy.

Question 76

A pleural ________ may consist of blood, fluid, air, or pus in the pleural cavity.

Question 77

The larynx is formed by three cartilages: the thyroid cartilage, the ________ cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage.

Question 78

A pleural effusion may consist of blood in the pleural cavity, called a(n) ________.

Question 79

Pleuritis, or ________, is a condition in which the pleura of the lungs become inflamed.

Question 80

The medical term for when a patient has difficulty breathing is ______.