Deck 29: The Nervous System

Question 1

What components of a neuron are usually short and branch profusely near a cell body?

A) Cell bodies
B) Axons
C) Dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) Neuroglial cells

Answer 1

Dendrites

Question 2

Which of the following has membranes that contain large amounts of myelin that insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly?

A) Cell body
B) Axon
C) Dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) Nerve fibers

Answer 2

Schwann cells

Question 3

Which of the following describes the white matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the inner part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) Its divisions are called horns.
D) It contains myelinated axons.
E) It has bulges or sections called horns.

Answer 3

It contains myelinated axons.

Question 4

The ____ causes muscles to contract or relax and glands to secrete products.

A) synaptic knob
B) axon diameter
C) neurotransmitter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

Question 5

The middle layer of the meninges, named for its spider web-like appearance, is the ____.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) epidural space
E) arachnoid mater

Question 6

Which of the following are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

A) Meninges
B) Dermatomes
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Interneurons
E) Ganglia

Question 7

Anything that inflames the CNS will cause ____.

A) pain
B) the blood-brain barrier to become more permeable
C) motor tremors
D) abnormal respirations
E) hypertension

Question 8

What is the innermost delicate layer of the meninges, which sits directly on top of the brain and spinal cord and holds blood vessels onto the surface of these structures?

A) Subarachnoid space
B) Dura mater
C) Pia mater
D) Arachnoid mater
E) Epidural space

Question 9

The ____ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) meninges
D) subarachnoid space
E) epidural space

Question 10

Which of the following are only found in the central nervous system and act as interpreters between the afferent and efferent nerves?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Microglia
C) Motor neurons
D) Astrocytes
E) Interneurons

Question 11

What is located at the end of the axon branches that allows impulse transmission to continue to other neurons?

A) Synaptic knob
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Axon diameter
D) Interneuron
E) Cell body

Question 12

Which component of a neuron contains organelles and produces the protein and energy needed to carry out its functions?

A) Cell body
B) Axon
C) Dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) Nerve fibers

Question 13

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains ____.

A) a viscous liquid
B) sensory neurons
C) motor neurons
D) muscle fibers
E) a watery fluid

Question 14

Which of these electrolytes plays an important role in the generation of nerve impulses?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Phosphate
D) Magnesium
E) Sulfur

Question 15

The toughest and outermost layer of the meninges is the ____.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) arachnoid mater
E) epidural space

Question 16

The function of _____ is to send information or nerve impulses away from the cell body?

A) cells
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) neuroglial cells

Question 17

Which of the following has an effect on the speed of impulse conduction?

A) Synaptic knob
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Axon diameter
D) Interneuron
E) Dendrite length

Question 18

Which of the following can either stimulate neurons to send a nerve impulse or inhibit them from sending an impulse?

A) Synaptic knob
B) Axon diameter
C) Neurotransmitter
D) Interneuron
E) Cell body

Question 19

Which of the following describes the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the outer part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) It contains myelinated axons.
D) Its divisions are called columns.
E) It has groups of axons called nerve tracts.

Question 20

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A) First lumbar vertebra
B) First sacral vertebra
C) First thoracic vertebra
D) Twelfth thoracic vertebra
E) Coccyx

Question 21

What are the "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are called

A) Gray matter
B) White matter
C) Lobes
D) Gyri
E) Longitudinal fissures

Question 22

A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the ____ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) gyri
D) longitudinal fissure
E) sulci

Question 23

Which of these is located behind the pons and medulla oblongata?

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Diencephalon
E) Midbrain

Question 24

Which of the following connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Diencephalon
E) Cortex

Question 25

Which lobe of the brain controls motor activity?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 26

Which lobe of the brain interprets auditory stimuli?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 27

Which of the following can cause a motor response without getting information from the brain?

A) Ascending track
B) Descending track
C) Central canal
D) Reflex
E) Neuroglia

Question 28

The ____ of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) central canal
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

Question 29

Which lobe of the brain interprets visual stimuli?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 30

Which lobe of the brain interprets sensations felt in or on the body?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 31

A(n) ____ is an automatic response to a stimulus.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) ganglia
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

Question 32

Which of the following coordinates complex skeletal muscle contractions as well as fine movements?

A) Cerebrum
B) Spinal cord
C) Cerebellum
D) Pons
E) Medulla oblongata

Question 33

Which of the following is the groove between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Lateral sulcus
C) Gyrus
D) Central sulcus
E) Longitudinal fissure

Question 34

Which of the following controls visual reflexes?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Hypothalamus

Question 35

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates muscles for chewing?

A) Olfactory nerves
B) Trochlear nerves
C) Trigeminal nerves
D) Facial nerves
E) Abducens nerves

Question 36

The ____ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) pons
D) medulla oblongata
E) midbrain

Question 37

Which of the following structures of the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain?

A) Ascending track
B) Descending track
C) Central canal
D) Reflex
E) Neuroglia

Question 38

Which of the following are the grooves on the surface of the cerebrum?

A) Cerebellum
B) Corpus callosum
C) Sulci
D) Gyri
E) Convolutions

Question 39

What part of the brainstem regulates respiration?

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Pons
E) Diencephalon

Question 40

Which of these controls blood pressure, as well as coughing and sneezing reflexes?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Hypothalamus

Question 41

The ____ nerves act in the muscles that move the eyeball.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) optic

Question 42

Which type of headache causes soreness in the temples and can occur daily for weeks?

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

Question 43

What type of nerves carry sensory information from the throat and tongue to the brain for interpretation?

A) Hypoglossal
B) Accessory
C) Vagus
D) Glossopharyngeal
E) Abducens

Question 44

Which of the following tests can be used to detect bleeding in the brain or spinal cord?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Computerized tomography

Question 45

The cranial nerves that carry sensory information from the tongue are the ____.

A) olfactory nerves
B) trochlear nerves
C) trigeminal nerves
D) abducens nerves
E) facial nerves

Question 46

____ headaches are generally more severe and intense than other types and are more often experienced by men.

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

Question 47

Which type of test can be used to diagnose Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Lumbar puncture

Question 48

Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in detecting aneurysms in the brain?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Lumbar puncture

Question 49

The diagnostic test that detects electrical activity in the brain is a(n) ____.

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) computerized tomography

Question 50

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the throat, neck, and voice box?

A) Hypoglossal nerves
B) Accessory nerves
C) Vagus nerves
D) Vestibulocochlear nerves

Question 51

Which of the following describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It slows the heart and respiratory rates.
C) It releases acetylcholine.
D) It activates the digestive glands.
E) It prepares the body for resting.

Question 52

The ____ nerves carry information about odors to the brain.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) glossopharyngeal

Question 53

Which of these cranial nerves carry sensory information from the skin of the scalp and face?

A) Olfactory nerves
B) Trochlear nerves
C) Trigeminal nerves
D) Facial nerves
E) Oculomotor nerves

Question 54

Which nerves carry sensory information from the thoracic and abdominal organs to the brain?

A) Hypoglossal
B) Accessory
C) Vagus
D) Glossopharyngeal
E) Trigeminal

Question 55

Which of the following describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It increases the heart rate.
C) It prepares the body for "fight or flight."
D) It releases acetylcholine.
E) It inhibits the stomach muscles.

Question 56

Which of the following diagnostic procedures enables the examination of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) MRI
B) Lumbar puncture
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Computerized tomography

Question 57

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue?

A) Hypoglossal nerves
B) Accessory nerves
C) Vagus nerves
D) Glossopharyngeal nerves
E) Trigeminal nerves

Question 58

____ is a degenerative disease of the brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Guillain-Barré syndrome
D) Stroke
E) Multiple sclerosis

Question 59

Which condition is generally caused when brain cells die because of an inadequate blood flow?

A) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Epilepsy
D) Bell's palsy
E) Stroke

Question 60

Which type of headache often has an aura that may appear as jagged lines or flashing lights and the detection of strange odors?

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

Question 61

Marc is in the office today because his face has felt "numb" for the last 24 hours. He also has a headache, and he says his eyes have been "watering." Which of the following diagnoses would the practitioner be likely to make, considering these symptoms?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Lou Gehrig's disease
C) Bell's palsy
D) Meningitis
E) Neuralgia

Question 62

The ________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter I, contains visual areas that interpret what a person sees.

Question 63

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ____ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) meningitis

Question 64

Which of the following occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain activity?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Epilepsy
E) Bell's palsy

Question 65

Vanessa has just been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. She is very worried because she has heard terrible things about this syndrome. "I don't want to die!" she says. Which of the following would be the best response to give her?

A) "Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong after paralysis sets in."
B) "With proper medical treatment, this disease is not fatal; you may recover completely."
C) "We can use respirators and heart machines to keep you alive."
D) "You will not die, but you will probably be permanently paralyzed."
E) "There is no cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome."

Question 66

Which disorder occurs when the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system?

A) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Epilepsy
D) Bell's palsy
E) Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 67

Letter D shows the ________, which maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Question 68

Letter H indicates the ________, which coordinates the complex skeletal muscle contractions needed for body movements.

Question 69

A chronic disease caused by demyelination of nerve tissue is ____.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) sciatica

Question 70

Letter G in the figure refers to the ________, which controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as several reflexes.

Question 71

The ________, shown at letter C, serves as a relay station for sensory information.

Question 72

Lying just beneath the diencephalon, the ________ (shown at letter E) controls both visual and auditory reflexes.

Question 73

The ________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter J, contains somatosensory areas that interpret sensations felt on or within the body.

Question 74

The ________, shown at letter F, regulates respiration and contains nerve tracts to connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

Question 75

If the membrane of an axon becomes depolarized enough, a nerve impulse, also called a(n) ________, is created.

Question 76

Letter B indicates the ________, a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

Question 77

Mrs. Tanneman has brought her husband to your office because she says "he just doesn't seem to understand anything anymore." She says he often just sits on the couch for hours staring into space and does not respond when she speaks to him. When he does respond to her questions, sometimes his answers don't have anything to do with the question she asked. Which of the following neurological tests would provide the most helpful information about Mr. Tanneman's health?

A) Lumbar puncture
B) Computerized tomography
C) MRI
D) X-ray
E) PET scan

Question 78

The sensory or ________ nerves are responsible for detecting sensory information and bringing it to the CNS for interpretation.

Question 79

The ________, which contains motor areas that allow a person to move, is shown at letter
A.

Question 80

In what order does an impulse flow through a typical reflex?

A) Interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons, receptors, effectors
B) Receptors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, effectors
C) Receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors
D) Effectors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, receptors
E) Interneurons, motor neurons, effectors, sensory neurons, receptors