Deck 26: The Blood

Question 1

Which of the following occurs when mismatched blood is given to a patient?

A) The patient will die.
B) The blood received will be destroyed.
C) The blood will turn yellow.
D) The blood will fail to circulate properly.
E) No major problem will result.

Answer 1

The blood received will be destroyed.

Question 2

Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that ____.

A) pulls water into the blood
B) transports lipids
C) aids in blood clotting
D) transports some vitamins
E) maintains the blood pressure

Answer 2

aids in blood clotting

Question 3

Red blood cells live for approximately ____.

A) one month
B) two months
C) four months
D) six months
E) one year

Answer 3

four months

Question 4

An embolus is dangerous because it can eventually become lodged in a small artery in the ____.

A) liver
B) lungs
C) intestines
D) stomach
E) kidneys

Question 5

People with which blood type can receive only one type of blood?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
E) Rh-positive

Question 6

A bacterial infection has been present in a patient for about 2 weeks if the WBC differential shows _________.

A) elevated eosinophils
B) elevated monocytes
C) elevated neutrophils
D) decreased basophils
E) decreased neutrophils

Question 7

The production of RBCs in the blood is controlled by which hormone?

A) Thyroxin
B) Oxyhemoglobin
C) Cortisol
D) Erythropoietin
E) Oxytocin

Question 8

Blood platelets are essential for ____.

A) carrying oxygen
B) maintaining blood volume
C) clotting
D) maintaining blood pressure
E) reducing inflammation

Question 9

Parasitic infections can be controlled by which of these WBCs?

A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Basophils
D) Lymphocytes
E) Monocytes

Question 10

The percentage of red blood cells found in a sample of blood is called the ____.

A) WBC
B) RBC
C) hematocrit
D) differential
E) serum

Question 11

When blood coagulates on a vessel wall in the absence of a known injury, it is correctly referred to as ____.

A) an embolus
B) hemostasis
C) a clot
D) a thrombus
E) agglutination

Question 12

Bacteria and viruses are destroyed by white blood cells called ____.

A) eosinophils
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) erythrocytes

Question 13

Which of these WBCs release histamine and heparin and promote inflammation?

A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Basophils
D) Lymphocytes
E) Monocytes

Question 14

When a part of a thrombus breaks off, it is referred to as ____.

A) an embolus
B) hemostasis
C) a clot
D) a thrombus
E) agglutination

Question 15

Which of the following would the medical provider expect a patient with AIDS to have?

A) Decreased granulocytes
B) Decreased monocytes
C) Increased erythrocytes
D) Decreased lymphocytes
E) Decreased erythrocytes

Question 16

Plasma makes up what percentage of the blood?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 55%
E) 65%

Question 17

Some WBCs leave the blood vessels by a mechanism called ____.

A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) diapedesis
D) osmotic pressure
E) filtration

Question 18

Globulins are plasma proteins that ____.

A) pull water into the blood
B) transport lipids and some vitamins
C) aid in blood clotting
D) maintain the blood pressure
E) help control bleeding

Question 19

People with which blood type are universal donors?

A) Rh-positive
B) Rh-negative
C) B
D) AB
E) O

Question 20

A woman of childbearing age should know her Rh type because if she is Rh-negative and conceives a child that is Rh-positive, ____.

A) her first pregnancy could prove fatal to her
B) her first infant will have erythroblastosis fetalis
C) her second baby will have erythroblastosis fetalis
D) she will need blood transfusions after delivery
E) her second pregnancy could prove fatal to her

Question 21

If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery, it may cause ____.

A) a stroke
B) pulmonary embolism
C) high blood pressure
D) pericarditis
E) myocardial infarction

Question 22

The formation of a blood clot is called ____.

A) agglutination
B) hemostasis
C) coagulation
D) diapedesis
E) hemolysis

Question 23

When there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood to carry an adequate amount of oxygen to the body's cells, the person has the condition called ________.

Question 24

Blood clots are formed from ____, which sticks to the damaged area of the blood vessel, creating a mesh that entraps blood cells and platelets.

A) fibrin
B) albumin
C) globulin
D) serum
E) urea

Question 25

Tina is a 47-year-old patient who has recently begun experiencing dizziness and shortness of breath. She gets frequent headaches. After the initial exam, the physician orders several blood tests. The results of the tests indicate that Tina has polycythemia vera. Which of the following treatment courses would you expect the physician to pursue with Tina?

A) Blood transfusions
B) Bone marrow transplants
C) Radiation therapy
D) Stem cell transplant
E) Therapeutic phlebotomy

Question 26

Jose, an 11-year-old child, was involved in a serious automobile accident and has lost a lot of blood. The emergency physician tells his mother that he will need a blood transfusion. The mother becomes frantic, saying that Jose has a "rare" blood type, AB, and she doesn't know if they will be able to match it. What would be the physician's best response to Jose's mother?

A) "That is a rare type, but we can probably match it."
B) "Most people with type AB blood can receive blood from any blood type."
C) "If necessary, we will have blood brought in from another hospital."
D) "Type AB is the most common type of blood."
E) "People with type AB blood are called universal donors."

Question 27

Harold has A-positive blood. He is receiving a series of blood transfusions to treat anemia caused by AIDS. The local blood bank is running low on type A blood. If necessary, which other blood type can Harold receive?

A) A-negative
B) B-positive
C) AB-positive
D) AB-negative
E) O-positive

Question 28

The most likely result of agglutination following a blood transfusion is ____.

A) cerebrovascular accident
B) severe anemia
C) pulmonary embolism
D) myocardial infarction
E) polycythemia vera

Question 29

Which of the following individuals is most at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis?

A) An Rh-positive mother
B) An Rh-negative mother
C) An Rh-negative father
D) The first Rh-negative fetus born to an Rh-positive mother
E) The second Rh-positive fetus born to an Rh-negative mother

Question 30

Beth is a 16-year-old patient whose mother has brought her to the office because Beth is always complaining of being tired. Beth tells you that she has frequent headaches, and her feet are always cold. Her blood pressure is 100/64, and her heart rate is 84. When you ask if her menstrual periods are normal, she says she bleeds heavily for 7 or 8 days each month. Which of the following conditions might you suspect?

A) Polycythemia vera
B) Iron-deficient anemia
C) Thalassemia
D) Leukemia
E) Sickle-cell anemia

Question 31

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of sickle cell anemia?

A) Reddened skin
B) Headache
C) Nausea
D) Delayed growth
E) Enlarged spleen

Question 32

Which of the following patients is most likely to have thalassemia?

A) A patient of Mediterranean descent
B) A native American
C) A Latino American
D) A Caucasian male
E) A Caucasian female

Question 33

Monocytes and lymphocytes do not have granules in their cytoplasm and are two types of ________.

Question 34

Which of the following is considered a normal WBC count?

A) 2,600 cells
B) 3,800 cells
C) 6,700 cells
D) 11,200 cells
E) 12,300 cells

Question 35

Which of the following populations is most affected by sickle cell anemia?

A) Caucasians
B) Asians
C) African Americans
D) Latino Americans
E) Native Americans

Question 36

When a blood vessel is broken, what is the body's first response?

A) Platelet plug formation
B) Vasodilation
C) Smooth muscle contraction
D) Blood coagulation
E) Blood clot formation

Question 37

The most common cause of anemia is ____.

A) vitamin deficiency
B) kidney failure
C) AIDS
D) iron deficiency
E) chronic illness

Question 38

About how much blood does the average adult body contain?

A) 1 to 2 liters
B) 2 to 4 liters
C) 4 to 6 liters
D) 6 to 8 liters
E) 8 to 10 liters

Question 39

If a fetus develops erythroblastosis fetalis, what medical intervention is often required at birth?

A) Multiple blood transfusions
B) Supplemental oxygen
C) Intravenous antibiotics
D) UV light therapy
E) RhoGAM injections

Question 40

The clumping of red blood cells following a blood transfusion is ________.

Question 41

Most blood cells are produced in red bone marrow by cells called ________.

Question 42

The granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes include neutrophils, ________, and basophils.

Question 43

Hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen is called ________ and is bright red in color.

Question 44

A condition in which the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white blood cells is ________.

Question 45

There are different types of lipoproteins found in blood. They include very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and ____________.

Question 46

Because lipids are not water-soluble and because plasma is mostly water, lipids must combine with molecules called ________ to be transported.

Question 47

White blood cells (WBCs) are also called ________.

Question 48

White blood cells (WBCs), which are also called leukocytes, are divided into two categories: ________ and agranulocytes.

Question 49

Platelets come from cells called ________, which are found in red bone marrow.

Question 50

The white blood cells called ________ release substances such as histamine, which promotes inflammation, and heparin, which is an anticoagulant.

Question 51

Hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin, and because it may now carry carbon dioxide, it is also called ________.

Question 52

If a patient has a white blood cell count above 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, the patient has ________ and probably has a bacterial infection.

Question 53

When a blood clot replaces the platelet plug at the site of a blood vessel injury, the process is called blood ________.

Question 54

When a red blood cell is destroyed, a pigment is released from that cell called _______.

Question 55

The ________ antigen is a protein first discovered on red blood cells of the Rhesus monkey. It is important for women to know if they are positive or negative for this protein.

Question 56

The liver uses an orange pigment called _______ to make bile needed for the digestion of fats.

Question 57

In ________ anemia, red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.

Question 58

Blood plasma proteins called ________ are used to transport lipids and some fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 59

A white blood cell count that is below normal is called ________.

Question 60

The white blood cells that provide immunity for the body are the ________.

Question 61

Which of the following is the smallest of the plasma proteins that pull water into the bloodstream to help maintain blood pressure?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumins
C) Globulins
D) Platelets
E) Thrombocytes

Question 62

An inherited form of anemia in which a defective hemoglobin chain causes microcytic, hypochromic, short-lived red blood cells is ________.

Question 63

Mature RBCs contain a pigment called ________.

Question 64

Approximately 55% of the blood in a healthy person is made up of ________.

Question 65

The fluid that is left when all clotting factors are removed from plasma is called ________.

Question 66

Bloodletting for the purpose of reducing the thickness of a person's blood is known as ________ phlebotomy.

Question 67

Platelets that are important in the blood-clotting process are also called ________.

Question 68

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called the ________.

Question 69

The second Rh-positive child born to an Rh-negative mother may develop a condition called ________ if the mother is not given the drug RhoGAM to prevent her from making antibodies against the Rh antigen.

Question 70

The inability to absorb vitamin B₁₂ is called ________ anemia.

Question 71

Erythroblastosis fetalis is prevented by giving an Rh-negative woman the drug ________, which prevents an Rh-negative mother from making antibodies against the Rh antigen.

Question 72

Which abbreviation is used for the term hemoglobin?

A) RBC
B) Hct
C) Hgb
D) CBC
E) WBC

Question 73

There are three major types of proteins in plasma: globulins, fibrinogens, and _____________.

Question 74

Another name for red blood cells (RBCs) is ________.