Deck 24: The Muscular System

Question 1

The ____ divides muscles into sections called fascicles.

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

Answer 1

perimysium

Question 2

Which of the following is a protein that stores phosphate groups for use by ATP?

A) Glucose
B) Lactic acid
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Pyruvic acid
E) Acetylcholine

Answer 2

Creatine phosphate

Question 3

Which of the following does not apply to skeletal muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control.
B) It has intercalated discs.
C) It is attached to bones.
D) It contracts rapidly.
E) It responds to acetylcholine.

Answer 3

It has intercalated discs.

Question 4

In order to get tetanus, a person must have a(n) ____.

A) impaired immune system
B) open wound, usually from a puncture by a contaminated object
C) family history of tetanus
D) high-stress lifestyle
E) high level of sports-related activity

Question 5

An early sign of tetanus is ____.

A) drooling
B) fever
C) diarrhea
D) sweating
E) muscle spasm in the jaw and neck

Question 6

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control and has intercalated discs.
B) It is self-exciting and controls blood vessels.
C) It is slow to contract and relax and is under voluntary control.
D) It has intercalated discs and is self-exciting.
E) It produces peristalsis and has intercalated discs.

Question 7

Which of the following uses glucose to help make ATP?

A) Creatine phosphate
B) Aerobic respiration
C) Lactic acid
D) Pyruvic acid
E) Acetylcholine

Question 8

Small amounts of ATP are produced when pyruvic acid is converted to ____.

A) creatine phosphate
B) glucose
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) myoglobin
E) lactic acid

Question 9

When muscles have a buildup of lactic acid, this ____.

A) results from excess oxygen
B) causes muscle fatigue
C) can be corrected by increasing muscle activity
D) is caused by muscle cramps
E) is a normal result of aerobic respiration

Question 10

When working with parents of young children who are at risk of botulism, what is the most important instruction to give them to reduce this risk?

A) Wash all foods well
B) Do not use well water for infants or children
C) Do not use raw fish or food from damaged or bulging cans of vegetables
D) Be sure to wash infants' and children's hands before they eat
E) Avoid giving children fresh vegetables

Question 11

A man staggers into the clinic. He is known to be a heavy cocaine and alcohol user. Part of the clinical data gathered includes a urine sample, which is very dark in color. He complains of weakness and has a "small" seizure in the exam room. The practitioner suspects that he may have ____.

A) tetanus
B) botulism
C) trichinosis
D) rhabdomyolysis
E) fibromyalgia

Question 12

A mother calls your office about her 8-month-old, who is not very active, has a weak cry, and has not had a wet diaper for 2 days. This mom is known to make homemade baby food. What advice would be appropriate for the medical assistant to give to this mother?

A) Bring the baby in tomorrow, when there is an open time slot on the schedule
B) Encourage the baby to drink water
C) Take the baby to the local emergency department
D) Administer one dose of pediatric Tylenol and call back in three hours
E) Give the baby toddler foods to stimulate urination

Question 13

Which type of muscle moves contents through hollow organs such as the intestines?

A) Cardiac muscle
B) Visceral smooth muscle
C) Smooth and skeletal muscle
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Multi-unit smooth muscle

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control
B) It contracts and relaxes slowly
C) It is self-exciting
D) It is attached to bones
E) It produces peristalsis

Question 15

Which of the following produces body movement?

A) Skeletal and cardiac muscle
B) Multi-unit smooth muscle
C) Smooth and skeletal muscle
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Visceral smooth muscle

Question 16

Individual muscle cells are surrounded by which of the following?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 17

Elysia is a young woman who has just been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The practitioner asks the medical assistant to provide her with tips to help manage this disorder. The medical assistant should suggest that she ____.

A) avoid any alcohol use
B) reduce activities when her pain is the greatest
C) seek counseling to help develop better coping skills
D) increase her intake of caffeine to give her more energy
E) avoid taking anti-inflammatory medications

Question 18

Two of the best players on a middle-school soccer team just showed up 15 minutes late for a match. They want to go out on the field immediately, but the coach insists that they warm up and do stretches before joining the game. Which of the following is the best explanation the coach can give these players about warming up before entering the game?

A) "Warming up first will help keep you focused."
B) "If you perform the proper stretches, you will have a better chance of winning."
C) "Warming up and stretching will help keep you warm during the game."
D) "Warming up and stretching will help prevent injuries during the match."
E) "Stretching before the game can help prevent dizziness and fainting."

Question 19

Which of the following does not apply to visceral smooth muscle?

A) It is found in blood vessels.
B) The muscles stimulate each other to contract.
C) It is located in the bladder and uterus.
D) It produces peristalsis.
E) It moves ova through the Fallopian tubes.

Question 20

Which characteristic applies to smooth muscle?

A) It contracts rapidly.
B) It is under voluntary control.
C) It produces peristalsis.
D) It is self-exciting.
E) It contains intercalated discs.

Question 21

Referring to the figure, which of the following demonstrate flexion?

A) 4 and 1
B) 5 and 6
C) 4 and 9
D) 1 and 8
E) 2 and 7

Question 22

For which of the following is the use of braces an appropriate treatment?

A) Fibromyalgia
B) Muscular dystrophy
C) Tetanus
D) Botulism
E) Myasthenia gravis

Question 23

Which symptoms are common in trichinosis?

A) Diarrhea and pneumonia
B) Dark urine and muscle fatigue
C) Tender body areas and dark urine
D) Absence of reflexes and high fever
E) Limited range of motion and diarrhea

Question 24

Which of the following attaches muscles to each other?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 25

Lifestyle changes of avoiding stress are recommended for patients who have ____.

A) muscular dystrophy
B) tetanus and myasthenia gravis
C) rhabdomyolysis and botulism
D) myasthenia gravis and fibromyalgia
E) botulism and fibromyalgia

Question 26

Which muscle is most responsible for movement?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Agonist
D) Synergist
E) Antagonist

Question 27

The attachment site for the less movable bone when a muscle contracts is the ____.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) prime mover
D) synergist
E) antagonist

Question 28

The number 5 on the figure demonstrates ____.

A) flexion
B) extension
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) dorsiflexion

Question 29

Which of the following muscles moves the thigh?

A) Biceps brachii
B) Gluteus medius
C) External oblique
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Soleus

Question 30

Which of the following is a muscle that produces movement opposite to the prime mover?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Synergist
D) Antagonist
E) Agonist

Question 31

Which of the following muscles moves the forearm?

A) Biceps brachii
B) External oblique
C) Gluteus medius
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Trapezius

Question 32

Which muscle closes the jaw?

A) Temporalis
B) Sternocleidomastoid
C) Trapezius
D) Biceps brachii
E) Latissimus dorsi

Question 33

The attachment site for the more movable bone when a muscle contracts is the ____.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) synergist
D) antagonist

Question 34

Which of the following connects muscles to bone?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 35

Which of these muscles flexes the foot and is commonly called the calf muscle?

A) Biceps brachii
B) External oblique
C) Gluteus medius
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Sartorius

Question 36

The ____ muscle moves the abdominal wall.

A) biceps brachii
B) external oblique
C) gluteus medius
D) gastrocnemius
E) soleus

Question 37

One common symptom of rhabdomyolysis is ____.

A) diarrhea
B) encephalitis
C) dark urine
D) muscle spasms
E) absence of reflexes

Question 38

The ____ muscle moves the head.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) trapezius
D) biceps brachii
E) Trapezius

Question 39

The shoulder is moved by the ____ muscle.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) gastrocnemius
D) biceps brachii
E) trapezius

Question 40

Which type of connective tissue separates muscles from each other?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 41

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are represented by the numbers ____.

A) 7 and 6
B) 5 and 4
C) 6 and 5
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 4

Question 42

Once contraction has occurred, skeletal muscles release an enzyme called ________, which breaks down acetylcholine and allows the muscle to relax.

Question 43

Monique is a 79-year-old patient who enjoys being active. Recently, however, her arthritis is getting worse, and she has been having more trouble moving around lately. She tells you that she wants to exercise and stay active, but she is not sure what kinds of exercise she can do now. Which of the following recommendations might you make?

A) "Take a pain pill after you exercise."
B) "Aerobic exercise is good for you even if you have arthritis."
C) "It is not necessary to exercise at your age."
D) "Try swimming or exercising your joints underwater."
E) "Any kind of exercise will make the arthritis worse."

Question 44

Number 3 in the figure is the ________ muscle.

Question 45

Numbers 1 and 2 demonstrate ____.

A) supination and pronation
B) elevation and pronation
C) rotation and circumduction
D) circumduction and supination
E) rotation and dorsiflexion

Question 46

Number 6 in the figure represents the ________ muscle.

Question 47

Numbers 3 and 4 on the figure demonstrate ____.

A) depression and inversion
B) eversion and protraction
C) protraction and retraction
D) elevation and inversion
E) inversion and protraction

Question 48

Skeletal muscle fibers respond only to the neurotransmitter ________, which causes them to contract.

Question 49

Numbers 1 and 2 on the figure are examples of ____.

A) flexion and extension
B) flexion and abduction
C) pronation and extension
D) abduction and adduction
E) dorsiflexion and pronation

Question 50

The ________ is represented by number 8 on the figure.

Question 51

The ________ muscle is represented by number 4 in the figure.

Question 52

The ________ muscle is located at number 5 in the figure.

Question 53

Supination and pronation are demonstrated by numbers _____.

A) 1 and 3
B) 3 and 4
C) 4 and 2
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 2

Question 54

As aging occurs, muscle contractions ____.

A) do not change
B) become slower
C) become stronger
D) become faster
E) become absent

Question 55

Eversion and inversion are demonstrated by numbers ____.

A) 3 and 6
B) 1 and 2
C) 4 and 5
D) 2 and 4
E) 3 and 4

Question 56

As changes occur in the musculoskeletal system due to aging, which of the following is not likely to occur?

A) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with dexterity.
B) Mobility may decrease.
C) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with gripping ability.
D) Assistive devices may be needed.
E) Endurance of muscle fibers decreases dramatically.

Question 57

Number 1 in the figure is the ________ muscle.

Question 58

Number 2 in the figure represents the ________ muscle.

Question 59

Number 7 represents the ________ muscle.

Question 60

Numbers 5 and 6 demonstrate ____.

A) protraction and depression
B) elevation and eversion
C) depression and retraction
D) elevation and depression
E) eversion and inversion

Question 61

The ________ is connective tissue that is just below the skin to help support and hold together muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels.

Question 62

The _______ is a tough, sheet-like structure made of fibrous connective tissue that typically attaches muscles to other muscles.

Question 63

________ is a rare but very serious disorder caused by a bacterium that normally lives in soil and water and mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 64

When pyruvic acid is converted to ________ acid for energy production, this waste product builds up and causes muscle fatigue.

Question 65

Muscle cells, or ________, are called muscle fibers because of their long lengths.

Question 66

The perimysium is connective tissue surrounding a group of muscle fibers called a ________.

Question 67

The process of ________ respiration uses the body's store of glucose to make ATP.

Question 68

Muscle ________ is a condition in which a muscle has lost its ability to contract. This condition usually develops because of an accumulation of lactic acid.

Question 69

The production of ________ is a rapid way for muscle to produce energy.

Question 70

A thin covering that is just deep to the fascia of a muscle and surrounds the entire muscle is the ________.

Question 71

The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The ________ of the biceps brachii is where it attaches to the scapula.

Question 72

The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The ________ site of the biceps brachii is its attachment site on the radius.

Question 73

A fairly common condition that results in chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, and tendons and most commonly affects women between the ages of 20 and 50 is ________.

Question 74

The smooth muscle found in the iris of the eye and the walls of blood vessels, which contracts in response to neurotransmitters and hormones, is known as a ________ smooth muscle.

Question 75

The _______ is the covering of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells.

Question 76

Groups of cardiac muscle are connected to each other through ________ discs that allow the fibers in each group to contract and relax together and allows the heart to work as a pump.

Question 77

Pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, which begins a series of reactions known as the ________ cycle or the citric acid cycle.

Question 78

Myocytes are called muscle ________ because of their long lengths.

Question 79

Most of the sarcoplasm is filled with long structures called ________, which produce the striations observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

Question 80

The oxygen needed for aerobic respiration is stored in the muscle pigment called ________, which also gives muscle its pinkish color.