Deck 13: Somatic Symptom Disorders

Question 1

When an individual is suffering from illness anxiety disorder,symptoms include:

A)A preoccupation with having or acquiring an illness
B)Finding somatic symptoms distressing
C)Blindness
D)All of the above

Answer 1

A preoccupation with having or acquiring an illness

Question 2

Which of the following is not a common motor symptom in conversion disorder?

A)Paralysis
B)Impaired balance
C)Double vision
D)Urinary retention

Answer 2

Double vision

Question 3

Many with somatoform disorders may often display a surprising indifference about their symptoms.This is known as:

A)Vive la difference
B)Quelle difference
C)La belle indifference
D)Que ce que se la difference

Answer 3

La belle indifference

Question 4

A study by Sar,Akyuz,Kundakci,Kizitan et al.(2004)found at least one other psychiatric diagnosis in what percentage of a group of individuals with a diagnosis of conversion disorder?

A)69.5%
B)49.5%
C)89.5%
D)29.5%

Question 5

Which of the following is not a common sensory symptom in conversion disorder?

A)Loss of touch
B)Loss of pain sensation
C)Loss of hearing
D)Loss of smell

Question 6

In conversion disorder,thorough medical and neurological examination may fail to reveal any underlying medical cause for these deficits,and the symptoms are often preceded by:

A)Conflicts or other life stressors
B)Medical procedures
C)A virus
D)Paralysis

Question 7

To be defined as a somatoform disorder,which of the following should be present?

A)The presence of physical symptoms suggestive of a medical or neurological problem
B)The symptoms usually cannot be attributed to any underlying medical or neurological condition,
C)The individual has a genuine belief that they have a medical condition or a physical disability,
D)All of the above

Question 8

Somatoform disorders include which of the following?

A)Conversion disorder
B)Somatic symptom disorder
C)Factitious disorder
D)All of the above

Question 9

Prior to its inclusion in the DSM,conversion disorder was popularly known as what in psychodynamic circles?

A)Histrionics
B)Hysteria
C)Mental paralysis
D)Repression

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered to be a comorbid diagnosis with conversion disorder?

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Histrionic personality disorder
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Substance abuse

Question 11

Which of the following is a somatoform disorder?

A)Penetration disorder
B)Depression
C)Malingering
D)Factitious disorder imposed by another

Question 12

A conversion symptom where numbness begins at the wrist and is experienced evenly across the hand and all fingers is known as

A)Glove anaesthesia
B)Hand paralysis
C)Hand anaesthesia
D)Glove paralysis

Question 13

The lifetime prevalence rate of conversion disorder is thought to be less than

A)1%
B)2%
C)3%
D)4%

Question 14

A cardinal feature of somatic symptom disorder is a pattern of:

A)Recurring,multiple,clinically-significant somatic symptoms that require medical treatment
B)Significant impairment in social,functioning
C)Significant impairment in occupational functioning
D)All of the above

Question 15

Physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced in order to assume the sick role are known as:

A)Factitious disorder
B)Conversion disorder
C)Somatic symptom disorder
D)Hypochondriasis

Question 16

What percentage of individuals diagnosed with conversion disorder go on to develop a relevant neurological problem?

A)65-80%
B)45-60%
C)13-30%
D)30- 50%

Question 17

The basic feature of conversion disorder is the presence of which of the following?

A)Symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function
B)Suggestive of an underlying medical or neurological condition
C)Symptoms which cause the individual significant distress,impair social,occupational or other functioning
D)All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following are considered to be comorbid diagnoses with conversion disorder?

A)Anxiety disorder
B)Major depression
C)Specific phobia
D)All of the above

Question 19

Munchausen's syndrome is now known as:

A)Factitious disorder
B)Factitious disorder imposed by another
C)MacDonald's syndrome
D)Manchester syndrome

Question 20

When parents or carers make up or induce physical illnesses in others (such as their children)this is known as:

A)Factitious disorder
B)Factitious disorder imposed by another
C)MacDonald's syndrome
D)Manchester syndrome

Question 21

The lifetime prevalence rate in men of somatic symptom disorder is around:

A)<0.2%
B)<0.1%
C)0)4%
D)3%

Question 22

Some parents may view all underlying problems (including psychological ones)as being physical rather than emotional.Consequently many individuals may learn to describe emotional symptoms in physical terms and in extreme cases begin to adopt:

A)A sick role
B)Learned hopelessness
C)Demand characteristics
D)Psychotic tendencies

Question 23

Regardless of how the theorists approach the aetiology of somatoform disorders,explanations of these disorders must address certain important questions.Which of the following is NOT one of those questions?

A)Are physical symptoms a manifestation of underlying psychological conflict and stress?
B)Are physical symptoms generated in an involuntary fashion?
C)What is the role of life stress and childhood abuse in the development of somatoform disorders?
D)How often is the individual hospitalised?

Question 24

Many somatoform disorders develop following exposure to acute stressors,such as:

A)Recent loss
B)Relationship difficulties
C)Exposure to dead bodies following military combat
D)All of the above

Question 25

A significant factor in the history of most somatic symptom disorders is which of the following?

A)History of neglect
B)Significant periods of stress and anxiety
C)History of physical illness
D)History of extensive hospitalization

Question 26

Brown (2004)suggests that information biases acquired by those with somatic symptom disorders are developed by a range of experiences,and these representations provide inappropriate templates by which information is selected and interpreted.These are termed:

A)Maladaptive representations
B)Deviant representations
C)Biased representations
D)Rogue representations

Question 27

The prevalence rate for illness anxiety disorder in the general population is estimated to be:

A)1-5%
B)3-7%
C)5-7%
D)7-11%

Question 28

Oakley (1999)draws attention to the many similarities between the behaviour of the individual with conversion disorder or somatic symptom disorder and the effects of:

A)Hypnosis
B)Hysteria
C)Anxiety
D)Catastrophisation

Question 29

To meet the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder,an individual must display which of the following?

A)One somatic symptom that is distressing or results in significant disruption of daily life
B)Excessive time and energy devoted to these health concerns
C)Continuously present somatic symptom
D)All of the above

Question 30

Risk factors for developing illness anxiety disorder include which of the following?

A)History of childhood abuse
B)An overprotective mother
C)Close family members who have suffered a genuine physical illness
D)All of the above

Question 31

According to Harris,Deary & Wilson,(1996)high levels of negative life events in the year prior to onset have been found in individuals with globus pharyngis.This refers to:

A)A form of conversion disorder in which the sufferer experiences a sensation of a lump in the throat
B)A form of conversion disorder in which the sufferer experiences an inability to swallow
C)A form of conversion disorder in which the sufferer experiences a sensation being strangled
D)A form of conversion disorder in which the sufferer experiences a loss of voice

Question 32

Which of the following are cognitive factors which maintain somatic symptom disorders?

A)Attentional biases to physical threats
B)Reasoning biases that maintain beliefs about illness and being ill
C)Catastrophising of symptoms
D)All of the above

Question 33

A common occurrence in somatic symptom disorders is that the sufferer believes they have physical deficits or symptoms that are significant and threatening,but in most cases there is little or no medical justification for these beliefs.Such cognitive biases are termed:

A)Hyperchondrial biases
B)Cognitive dissonance
C)Interpretation biases
D)Overt reaction biases

Question 34

The basic psychodynamic view of somatoform disorders is one of

A)Conflict-resolution
B)Repression analysis
C)Ego state resolution
D)Script analysis

Question 35

Health anxiety is a preoccupation with fears of having or contracting a serious disease or illness based on a misinterpretation of bodily signs or symptoms,even though a thorough medical examination fails to identify any underlying medical condition.The preoccupation can be with which of the following?

A)Bodily functions
B)Minor physical abnormalities
C)Vague and ambiguous bodily sensations
D)All of the above

Question 36

The prevalence rate for illness anxiety disorder in chronic pain patients can be as high as:

A)36%
B)46%
C)56%
D)66%

Question 37

The lifetime prevalence rate in women of somatic symptom disorder is around:

A)0)2-2%
B)3-4%
C)1-2%
D)0)1-4%

Question 38

According to some psychodynamic theorists those suffering from somatoform disorders as are:

A)Regressing to the state of a sick child
B)Unconsciously seeking attention and relief from symptoms and responsibilities
C)Reducing experienced anxiety
D)All of the above

Question 39

Individuals with illness anxiety disorder tend to actively seek out and accept information that agreed with their own view of their medical state,but ignore or reject arguments against their own beliefs.Smeets,de Jong & Mayer (2000)proposed that individuals exhibiting such behaviour possessed:

A)A reasoning bias
B)A memory bias
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Inflated knowledge structure

Question 40

Hypochondriasis has been renamed ______ in DSM-5?

A)Conversion disorder
B)MacDonald's syndrome
C)Generalised anxiety disorder
D)Illness anxiety disorder

Question 41

Meta-analyses have indicated that psychodynamic therapy for somatic symptom disorders is:

A)More effective than no treatment
B)More effective than usual treatment
C)Is likely to be more successful the greater the competence of the therapist
D)All of the above

Question 42

Brown (2004)proposed that individual's information processing biases such as rouge representations acquired by those with somatic symptom disorders can be created by experiences that include:

A)A history of physical illness that causes a tendency to interpret any sensation as a symptom of illness
B)A history of experiencing emotional states that have strong physical manifestations
C)Exposure to physical illness in others which creates a memory template by which one's own physical sensations are interpreted
D)All of the above

Question 43

According to Iezzi,Duckworth & Adams,2001,the higher the educational standards in a community the more likely it is that the symptoms will resemble

A)A known medical or neurological disorder
B)Conversion disorder
C)Illness anxiety disorder d.Somatic symptom disorder

Question 44

According to Maldonado & Spiegel (2003)the lower the economic or educational standards in a culture or community,the higher the prevalence rates of:

A)Conversion disorder
B)Somatic symptom disorder
C)Factitious disorder
D)Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 45

Many somatic symptom disorders involve some learning and behavioural-based components that can be treated by the use of the learning principles implicit in behaviour therapy.A prominent example of such components include which of the following:

A)The reinforcing function of attention given to individuals which will maintain their 'illness' behaviours
B)Infrequent checking for physical signs of illness or deformity
C)Continual visits to the doctor's surgery
D)Continuous hospitalisation

Question 46

There are also important cultural differences in the way that conversion disorder manifests itself.According to Janca,Isaac,Bennett & Tacchini (1995),which of the following symptoms are prominent in China?

A)Body temperature
B)Kidney problems
C)Body odour complaints
D)Body temperature irregularities

Question 47

Zimmerman & Gross (1966)found that an individual with hysterical blindness performed a visual task at:

A)At chance levels
B)Significantly below chance
C)Significantly above chance
D)None of the above

Question 48

Theodor & Mandelcorn (1973)describe a study undertaken with a 16-year-old girl who complained of a loss of peripheral vision with no underlying neurological explanation.In their study they presented a buzzer followed by:

A)An electric shock
B)Bright visual stimulus
C)Colour coded words
D)High pitched sound

Question 49

Most of the somatic symptom disorders are characterised by cognitive and information processing biases,including:

A)Interpretation biases
B)Reasoning biases
C)Catastrophizing of symptoms
D)All of the above

Question 50

Prevalence rates for illness anxiety disorder in the general population is estimated to be:

A)1-5%
B)5-10%
C)15-18%
D)20-24%

Question 51

There are also important cultural differences in the way that conversion disorder manifests itself.According to Janca,Isaac,Bennett & Tacchini (1995),which of the following symptoms are prominent in Nigeria?

A)Sexual and menstrual
B)Kidney problems
C)Body temperature
D)Body odour complaints

Question 52

When treating somatic symptom disorders which form of treatment has been found to be significantly more effective than no treatment control conditions?

A)Behavioural stress management
B)Exposure and response prevention
C)Cognitive restructuring
D)Homeopathy

Question 53

Theodor & Mandelcorn (1973)found that the individual always correctly reported when the buzzer was followed by a stimulus to the central visual field.However,what percentage of the times was she correct when reporting a visual stimulus to the peripheral visual field?

A)30%
B)5%
C)15%
D)22%

Question 54

According to Gureje,Simon,Ustun,& Goldberg (1997),somatic symptom disorder is also associated with:

A)Impulsive and antisocial behaviour
B)Suicide threats
C)Deliberate self-harm
D)Anxiety

Question 55

Using positron emission tomography (PET scan),evidence for a biological basis of conversion disorder suggests activation in which areas of the brain?

A)Right orbito-frontal and anterior cingulated cortices
B)Hippocampus
C)Hypothalamus
D)Corpus callosum

Question 56

In a study following-up the progress of individuals with somatoform disorders,Kent,Tomasson & Coryell (1995)found that what percent of somatic symptom patients still met the diagnostic criteria for these disorders 4 years after initial diagnosis?

A)92%
B)65%
C)45%
D)32%

Question 57

There are important cultural differences in the way that conversion disorder manifests itself.According to Janca,Isaac,Bennett & Tacchini (1995),which of the following symptoms are prominent in western cultures?

A)Sexual and menstrual
B)Kidney problems
C)Body odour complaints
D)Body temperature irregularities

Question 58

In a study following-up the progress of individuals with somatoform disorders,Kent,Tomasson & Coryell (1995)found that what percent of conversion patients still met the diagnostic criteria for these disorders 4 years after initial diagnosis?

A)47%
B)35%
C)63%
D)25%

Question 59

Craig,Cox & Klein (2002)compared the childhood histories of three groups of women - those with somatic symptom disorder,those with a long term illness and healthy controls.They found that those with somatic symptom disorder were ????________ more likely than those in the other groups to have had a parent with a serious physical illness:

A)Three times
B)Five times
C)Ten times
D)Twelve times

Question 60

There are also important cultural differences in the way that conversion disorder manifests itself.According to Janca,Isaac,Bennett & Tacchini (1995),which of the following symptoms are prominent in Japan?

A)Kidney problems
B)Body temperature
C)Body odour complaints
D)Body temperature irregularities

Question 61

The individual diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder will report a very wide range of:

A)Neurological symptoms
B)Physiological symptoms
C)Phantom symptoms
D)Unconnected physical symptoms

Question 62

Which of the following is not a DSM-5 criteria for somatic symptom disorder?

A)One somatic symptom which is distressing
B)Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms
C)Persistently high levels of anxiety about health or symptoms
D)Persistently symptomatic

Question 63

Lim & Kim (2005)used an emotional Stroop procedure to demonstrate that individuals diagnosed with a somatoform disorder showed _______ for physical threat words:

A)A significant Stroop interference effect
B)A non-significant Stroop interference effect
C)No Stroop interference effect
D)None of the above

Question 64

Illness anxiety disorder is often associated with:

A)Use of alternative medicines
B)Fear of death
C)Fear of aging
D)All of the above

Question 65

Somatic symptom disorder may be underdiagnosed in:

A)Teenagers
B)Athletes
C)Pregnant women
D)Older adults

Question 66

Craig,Bialas,Hodson et al.(2004)observed mothers playing with their 4-8 year-old children.When playing with medically related toys,mothers who exhibited somatic symptom disorder symptoms were:

A)Significantly more responsive to their children
B)Significantly less responsive to their children
C)Agitated
D)Excessively responsive

Question 67

A range of drug treatments have regularly been applied to somatic symptom disorders,and these include:

A)Tricyclic antidepressants
B)Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
C)Herbal medications
D)All of the above

Question 68

Around _____ of those diagnosed with hypochondriasis in DSM-IV-TR would now be re-diagnosed in DSM-5 with somatic symptom disorder if the somatic symptoms on which the anxiety and distress is based on genuine somatic symptoms.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 69

In factitious disorder,the individual aims to adopt which role?

A)The imposter
B)The hero
C)The sick role
D)The doctor

Question 70

DSM-5 specifies that conversion disorder should be diagnosed only when the clinical findings show:

A)Clear incompatibility with neurological disease
B)Clear incompatibility with depression
C)Clear incompatibility with anxiety
D)Clear comparability with neurological disease

Question 71

Which of the following is a characteristic of somatic symptom disorder?

A)An imbalance of serotonin in the brain
B)A genetically inherited medical condition
C)Formation of plaques in the brain
D)Complaints cannot be explained by a known general medical condition

Question 72

It is crucial when diagnosing some somatoform disorders to differentiate them from:

A)Malingering
B)Brain tumours
C)Heart disease
D)Learning difficulties

Question 73

Craig,Bialas,Hodson et al.(2004)observed mothers playing with their 4-8 year-old children.Mothers who exhibited somatic symptom disorder symptoms were ?____________ than control mothers during most play tasks:

A)More emotionally expressive
B)As emotionally expressive
C)More relaxed
D)Less emotionally expressive

Question 74

The onset of illness anxiety disorder is most common in:

A)Childhood
B)Early adulthood
C)Old age
D)Pregnancy

Question 75

Adopting a sick role has a number of disadvantages.Which of the following is not one of these?

A)Loss of power
B)loss of pleasure
C)Loss of influence
D)Loss of responsibility

Question 76

Illness anxiety disorder may lead an individual to do which of the following?

A)Search for medical information online
B)Seek reassurance from friends
C)Search for medical advice
D)All of the above

Question 77

DSM-5 emphasises that diagnosis of somatoform disorders be made on the basis of the ________ of positive symptoms.

A)Absence
B)Presence
C)Denial
D)Treatment

Question 78

The defining feature of the falsification of medical or psychological symptoms in the case of factitious disorder is that that falsification is:

A)Performed by a parent
B)Intentionally deceptive
C)Unintentionally deceptive
D)Performed by a relative

Question 79

Conversion disorder has a life time prevalence rate of:

A)<1%
B)>1%
C)5%
D)<5%

Question 80

Barsky (1992)argued that patients with somatic symptom disorder have a bias towards describing minor automatic bodily sensations in a:

A)Catastrophic manner
B)Repressed manner
C)Dismissive manner
D)Confused manner