Question 1

A student nurse is assisting a patient who is ambulating with a new walker.Which of the following is appropriate information for student nurse to provide to the patient?&#10;A) &#34;The top of the walker should line up with the crease on the inside of your elbows.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;You should walk behind the walker to maintain balance.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;You should lean forward over the walker to maintain balance.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;When walking, you should take a step, move the walker forward, and take another step.&#34;

Accepted Answer

When the person relaxes the arms at the side of their body,the top of the walker should line up with the crease on the inside of the wrist.A walker is fitted correctly by having the patient step inside the walker.The person's elbow should bend comfortably,about 30 degrees,while holding onto the grips.When walking,the patient holds the handgrips on the upper bars,takes a step,moves the walker forward,and takes another step.The patient should not lean over the walker or walk behind it; otherwise he or she might lose balance and fall.

Question 2

A nurse who works on the orthopedic unit knows that in addition to providing support,bones perform other functions in the body.Besides support,which of the following is an important bone function used during activity and exercise?

A) Hematopoiesis
B) Protection
C) Mineral storage
D) Movement

Movement

Accepted Answer

Bones perform five functions in the body: support,protection,movement,mineral storage,and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).Two of these functions-support and movement-are most important during activity and exercise.In support,bones serve as the framework and contribute to the shape,alignment,and positioning of the body parts.In movement,bones with their joints constitute levers for muscle attachment.Hematopoiesis and mineral storage are not involved with bone function during activity and exercise.

Question 3

A 19-year-old patient with cerebral palsy has been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia.The patient has limited voluntary motor control.The student nurse caring for this patient,knows that the easiest intervention to maintain joint mobility would be to perform which of the following exercises?

A) Active range-of-motion exercises
B) Weight-bearing exercises
C) Aerobic exercises
D) Passive range-of-motion exercises

Accepted Answer

For the patient who does not have voluntary motor controls,passive range-of-motion exercises are the exercises of choice.Because of limited voluntary motor control,active range of motion exercises,aerobic exercises,and weight-bearing exercises are incorrect responses for this patient.

Question 4

Which group of muscles is involved with joint stabilization?&#10;A) Skeletal muscles&#10;B) Antigravity muscles&#10;C) Synergistic muscles&#10;D) Antagonistic muscles

Accepted Answer

Antigravity muscles are involved with joint stabilization.Skeletal muscles support posture and carry out voluntary movement.Antagonistic muscles bring about movement at the joint.Synergistic muscles contract to accomplish the same movement.When you flex your arm,you increase the strength of the contraction of the biceps brachii by contraction of the synergistic muscle,the brachialis.

Question 5

A patient has been hospitalized for 5 days after pancreatic surgery.The nurse is preparing the patient to ambulate for the first time.What is the best action for the nurse to perform to prevent the patient from suffering orthostatic hypotension?

A) Have him sit up in bed for a few minutes before standing.
B) Have him sit up with his legs dangling over the side of his bed for a few minutes before standing.
C) Place him in a high-Fowler's position for a few minutes before standing.
D) Place him in a low-Fowler's position for a few minutes before standing.

Accepted Answer

When preparing a patient for ambulation,dangling is an important technique.You assist the patient to a sitting position with the legs dangling off the side of the bed and have the patient rest for 1 to 2 minutes before standing.When the patient has been flat for extended periods,blood pressure drops when the patient stands.Dangling helps to prevent this.Sitting up in bed or placing the patient in high- or low-Fowler's position does not allow for the changes in circulation to occur before ambulation.

Question 6

A student nurse is caring for 67-year-old patient who is experiencing left-sided weakness caused by a stroke.The student nurse is providing patient teaching regarding the use of a quad-cane for ambulation.Which of the following statements is correct?

A) "You should use the cane on the stronger side of the body."
B) "Move the stronger leg with the cane."
C) "When walking, advance the weaker leg past the cane."
D) "Your body weight should be supported by the cane and stronger leg."

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Accepted Answer

Make sure the patient keeps the cane on the stronger side of the body.The patient moves the weaker leg to the cane,which divides body weight between the cane and the stronger leg.The patient then advances the stronger leg past the cane so the weaker leg and the body weight is supported by the cane and weaker leg.

Question 7

A small business owner has noted an increase in back injuries at his company in recent years.During a discussion with an occupational health nurse,knowledge of statistical information regarding this trend throughout the country is exchanged.The occupational health nurse explains that the most common back injury is caused by a strain to which of the following muscle groups?

A) Lumbar
B) Cervical
C) Thoracic
D) Trapezius

Accepted Answer

The most common back injury is strain on the lumbar muscle group,which includes the muscles around the lumbar vertebrae.Injury to these areas affects the ability to bend forward,backward,and side to side.This also decreases the ability to rotate the hips and lower back.The cervical response is incorrect because it refers to the neck region of the back.The thoracic response is incorrect because it refers to the rib/chest area of the back which has decreased movement.The trapezius is incorrect because it refers to a muscle in the back over the scapula.

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a patient who has pneumonia.To facilitate respiration and lung drainage this patient should be placed in what position?&#10;A) Sims'&#10;B) Prone&#10;C) Lateral&#10;D) Supine

Accepted Answer

When prone,the patient is in the face-down position.This facilitates respiration and drainage of oral secretions.Place a pillow under the head for comfort and relief from pressure.The Sims' position is used to place the patient in a semiprone position on the right or left side with the opposite arm,thigh,and knee flexed and resting on the bed.In the lateral position,the patient is placed in a side-lying position,supported on the right or left side.This position can compromise chest expansion.In the supine position the patient rests on the back.The risk for aspiration is greater with this position; thus avoid the supine position when the patient is confused,agitated,experiencing a decreased level of consciousness,or at risk for aspiration.

Question 9

The patient is a 46-year-old woman who is a devout Muslim and who is being evaluated for weight-loss surgery.One aspect of the comprehensive bariatric program is that clients begin an exercise program.The patient is self-conscious about her weight and concerned about maintaining her modesty.Which of the following exercise programs would be the best choice for the nurse to suggest?

A) A private trainer at a local fitness center
B) An aerobics class at the local YMCA
C) The evening yoga class at a local country club
D) Walking 30 minutes a day at the mall with a friend

Accepted Answer

Exercise and physical fitness are beneficial to all people.When developing a physical fitness program for culturally diverse populations,consider what motivates individuals to exercise and what activities will be appropriate and enjoyable.Modesty and discretion are highly valued in the Muslim culture.Public aerobics and yoga classes may make the devout Muslim uncomfortable and violate her sense of modesty.Based on her religious and cultural background,the use of a private trainer,an aerobics class at the local YMCA,or yoga classes at the local country club are incorrect choices for this patient.

Question 10

The nurse working on an orthopedic unit has to assist many of the patients because of limited mobility.The nurse's goal is to maintain a position that most favors function,requires the least muscular work to maintain,and places the least strain on muscles,ligaments,and bones.What is the term that best describes this goal?

A) Body alignment
B) Posture
C) Center of gravity
D) Balance

Accepted Answer

The term posture means maintaining optimal body position.It means a position that most favors function,requires the least muscular work to maintain,and places the least strain on muscles,ligaments,and bones.Center of gravity refers to the term that describes how body balance is achieved,over a wide stable base of support.Body alignment refers to the relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line.Correct alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures,maintains adequate muscle tone,and contributes to balance.

Question 11

A nurse is teaching a crutch walking technique that requires weight bearing on both legs.Each leg is moved alternately with each opposing crutch so that three points of support are on the floor at all times.What is the term for this gait?

A) Four-point gait
B) Three-point gait
C) Two-point gait
D) Three-point alternating gait

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is teaching a crutch walking...

Question 12

Which of the following statements is appropriate for a nurse to teach a patient regarding the use of crutches?&#10;A) &#34;The axillae should support all your body weight.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Your elbows should be straight when your hands are on the crutch handgrips.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The distance between the crutch pad and axillae should be three to four finger widths.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Your elbows should be flexed about 45 degrees when the handgrip position is correct.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is appropriate...

Question 13

The nurse is assigned to a 67-year-old comatose patient.To minimize the risk for aspiration,the nurse should avoid placing the patient in what position?&#10;A) Semi-Fowler's&#10;B) Sims'&#10;C) Supine&#10;D) Lateral

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assigned to a 67-year-old...

Question 14

The nurse is assigned to a 79-year-old patient who has decreased mobility resulting from a stroke.The nurse understands the interventions to prevent skin breakdown for this bedfast patient is to include repositioning of the patient at least every _____ hour(s).

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assigned to a 79-year-old...

Question 15

A nurse and another staff member are preparing to reposition a patient in bed.To prevent back strain,these two health care providers must do which of the following?&#10;A) Keep their knees stiff to enhance their lifting strength potential.&#10;B) Keep the weight of the patient as close to their bodies as possible.&#10;C) Loosen their stomach muscles to keep from injuring the pelvic region.&#10;D) Twist their upper torsos to enhance the use and strength of their upper extremities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse and another staff member are...

Question 16

The nurse is assigned to take care of a 56-year-old patient with COPD.The patient does not tolerate a supine position for sleeping.In what position should the nurse place the patient?&#10;A) Lateral&#10;B) Prone&#10;C) Semi-Fowler's&#10;D) Sims'

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assigned to take care...

Question 17

As the result of a brain tumor,a patient is having trouble with balance.The patient's significant other is concerned and asks the nurse how a tumor could affect the patient's balance.The nurse explains that the tumor is growing in the part of the brain that is responsible for balance.The significant other asks,"Which part of the brain controls balance?" The nurse's response would be which of the following?

A) Pons
B) Cerebrum
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of As the result of a brain tumor,a...

Question 18

The nurse is in charge of caring for five orthopedic patients during a shift.Nursing assistive personnel are available to assist the nurse with care of the patients.Which of the following tasks is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the nursing assistive personnel?

A) Moving a 45-year-old patient who had a CVA toward the head of the bed
B) Transferring an 85-year-old patient for the first time after a total hip replacement
C) Providing discharge teaching for a 49-year-old patient who had a stroke
D) Preparing a 77-year-old patient for hip replacement surgery

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is in charge of caring...

Question 19

The patient has been diagnosed with a progressive neuromuscular disease and is having difficulty walking and has decreased awareness of the body's position.What is the term that best describes this phenomenon?

A) Balance
B) Proprioception
C) Posture
D) Hemiplegia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient has been diagnosed with a...

Question 20

The nurse is taking care of a 78-year-old comatose patient.The nurse has placed the patient in a supine position.To prevent foot drop,the nurse applies which of the following?&#10;A) Pillows to dorsiflex the foot&#10;B) Trochanter rolls to the feet&#10;C) Foot boots as ordered&#10;D) Pillows to elevate the feet

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is taking care of a...

Question 21

A nurse is caring for a patient with a neuromuscular condition.The nurse needs to assess the patient's muscle movement and strength.In doing so,the nurse recalls that chemicals that transfer electrical impulses from the nerve across the myoneural junction are called which of the following?

A) Isometrics
B) Synergistics
C) Proprioceptors
D) Neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 22

A nurse is caring for a patient with a broken tibia and fibula.The patient is in a half cast to his knee and is unable to bear weight.The nurse has instructed the patient on how to walk and climb stairs with his injuries.What is the best way to assess the patient's knowledge of how to ascend and descend stairs?

A) Incorrectly re-demonstrate the procedure and have the patient point out any errors.
B) Have the family member explain the procedure.
C) Have the patient explain the procedure.
D) Have the patient demonstrate the procedure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 23

A patient presents to the emergency department with a fractured leg that requires a full leg cast.The nurse needs to teach the patient to ambulate with crutches using which of the following?&#10;A) Two-point gait&#10;B) Three-point gait&#10;C) Four-point gait&#10;D) Tripod alternating position

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient presents to the emergency department...

Question 24

The nurse manager is concerned with the safety of the staff as they transfer patients.Facility policy reinforces the principles of appropriate body mechanics,which include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) A wide base of support increases stability
B) A higher center of gravity increases stability
C) Facing the direction of movement prevents abnormal twisting of the spine
D) Pivoting requires less work than lifting
E) Manually lift the patient in sections
F) Dividing balanced activity between arms and the legs

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse manager is concerned with the...

Question 25

A nurse is assisting a patient with right-sided hemiplegia to transfer from the bed to a chair.The most appropriate action for the nurse is to do which of the following?&#10;A) Use a transfer belt.&#10;B) Grab the patient under the arms while assisting with the transfer.&#10;C) Stand on the unaffected side of the patient to ensure less strain on the nurse's back.&#10;D) Encourage the patient not to use the hand rests because of their restrictions on movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is assisting a patient with...

Question 26

Which of the following actions are effective in reducing friction when repositioning a patient in bed? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Lifting rather than pushing&#10;B) Pushing the patient up in bed&#10;C) Asking the patient to bend his or her knees and lift the hips when moving up in bed&#10;D) Asking the patient to lie still as you reposition him or her; even when the patient offers to help&#10;E) The use of a draw sheet&#10;F) The use of a transfer board

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following actions are effective...

Question 27

The nurse delegates the task of ambulating a patient to the assistive personnel.The nurse ascertains that the assistive personnel understands how to intervene when the patient complains of dizziness when the assistive personnel verbalizes which of the following?

A) "I call for help."
B) "I gently lower the patient to the floor."
C) "I support the patient and walk quickly back to the room."
D) "I lean the patient against the wall and wait until the episode passes."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse delegates the task of ambulating...

Question 28

A patient with arthritis is complaining of sensitivity and warmth in the elbow and wrist joints.To determine the degree of limitation or injury,the nurse can assess which of the following?&#10;A) Posture&#10;B) Activity tolerance&#10;C) Body mechanics&#10;D) Range of motion

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with arthritis is complaining of...

Question 29

A nurse is caring for a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta.The nurse needs to assess the patient's muscle movement and strength.In doing so,the nurse recalls that osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by fractures and bone deformities.This condition is known as which of the following?

A) A form of osteoporosis
B) A form of arthritis
C) A congenital defect
D) A neurological defect

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 30

Which of the following trouble points are common in the side-lying position? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Lack of support for the feet&#10;B) Lack of protection for pressure points for the ears, shoulders, anterior iliac spine, trochanter, and ankles&#10;C) Adduction of the shoulder and hip joints&#10;D) Hyperextension of the neck&#10;E) Spinal curves out of normal alignment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following trouble points are...

Deck 27: Exercise and Activity