Deck 10: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with undecane, an 11-carbon straight chain alkane?

A)hydrogen bonding
B)low water solubility
C)density less than water
D)flammable liquid
E)nonpolar

Answer 1

hydrogen bonding

Question 2

The carbonyl group is a functional group found in many different types of compounds.What is the general structure of the carbonyl group?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

A cycloalkane molecule contains 8 carbon atoms.How many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule?

A)4
B)8
C)14
D)16
E)18

Answer 3

16

Question 4

How does the molecular formula of a cycloalkane differ from that of the corresponding alkane?

A)The alkane has two fewer hydrogen atoms in its formula.
B)The cycloalkane has one fewer hydrogen atom in its formula.
C)The cycloalkane has one fewer carbon in its formula.
D)The cycloalkane has two fewer hydrogen atoms in its formula.
E)The alkane has two more carbon atoms in its formula.

Question 5

Which type of compound is NOT classified as an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A)alkyne
B)aromatic
C)cycloalkane
D)alkene
E)alkane

Question 6

Which correctly describes the geometry and bond angles around the indicated carbon in the structure below?

A)trigonal planar; 120°
B)tetrahedral, 109.5°
C)trigonal pyramidal, 109.5°
D)tetrahedral, 90°
E)tetravalent, 120°

Question 7

What is the molecular formula of the simplest alkane capable of having constitutional isomers?

A)CH₄
B)C₂H₆
C)C₃H₈
D)C₄H₁₀
E)C₅H₁₂

Question 8

An alkane used as a lubricant contains 25 carbon atoms.How many hydrogen atoms are present in its structure?

A)25
B)27
C)50
D)52
E)It is impossible to predict.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes molecules related as conformational isomers?

A)same molecular formulas but different bonding patterns between atoms
B)different molecular formulas but the same connections between atoms
C)same molecular formulas, the same connections between atoms, but different spatial arrangement of atoms due to rotation around bonds
D)same molecular formulas but different cis-trans arrangement of atoms
E)different molecular formulas and different bonding patterns

Question 10

Which alkyl group is a secondary alkyl group?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)All of these are correct.

Question 11

How does an alkyl group differ from its parent alkane?

A)An alkyl group has a larger structure than its parent alkane.
B)An alkyl group contains one more hydrogen atom than its parent alkane.
C)An alkyl group contains one less carbon atom than its parent alkane.
D)An alkyl group contains one less hydrogen atom than its parent alkane.
E)There is no difference between an alkyl group and its parent alkane.

Question 12

The structure of an organic compound may be represented in several different ways.Which formula for an organic compound explicitly shows all of the atoms and bonds in a molecule?

A)molecular formula
B)condensed formula
C)structural formula
D)patterned formula
E)line formula

Question 13

Which compound is classified as an ether?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 14

Which of the following properly describes constitutional isomers?

A)organic compounds with different molecular formulas
B)compounds with the same molecular formula, but a different order of attachment of atoms
C)compounds with the same molecular formula and order of attachment of atoms, but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
D)compounds with the same number of hydrogens, but a different number of carbons
E)compounds with the same number of carbons, but a different number of hydrogens

Question 15

What is the classification of the carbon atom that is bonded to the -OH group in menthol?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
E)pentary

Question 16

The functional group shown below is found in what type of compound?

A)alcohols
B)ketones
C)carboxylic acids
D)esters
E)aldehydes

Question 17

Which bonding pattern is NOT typical of carbon atoms in organic compounds?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Benzene may be represented by the line formula below.What is the molecular formula of benzene?

A)C₁₂H₆
B)C₆H₁₂
C)C₆H₆
D)C₆H₁₄
E)C₆

Question 19

How many constitutional isomers are possible for the molecular formula C₅H₁₂?

A)one
B)three
C)four
D)five
E)six

Question 20

What is the name of the compound whose condensed formula is CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃?

A)propane
B)pentane
C)hexane
D)heptane
E)1,5-dimethylpentane

Question 21

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2,4,4-trimethylpentane
B)2,2,4-octane
C)2,2,4-trimethylpentane
D)trimethylpentane
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 22

What family of organic compounds contains the functional group shown below?

A)aliphatic
B)isotopic
C)alkene
D)alkyne
E)aromatic

Question 23

The compound shown below can be made from the halogenation reaction of what compound?

A)propane
B)hexane
C)pentane
D)benzene
E)1-methylbutane

Question 24

Which of the following is the condensed formula of 3-methylheptane?

A)CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
B)CH₃CH₂CH₂(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C)CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)CH₃(CH₃)CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following statements concerning conformational isomers is FALSE?

A)Conformational isomers are different spatial arrangements of the same molecule, formed by rotation around single bonds.
B)Conformational isomers rapidly interconvert, and cannot be physically separated from each other.
C)The staggered and the eclipsed conformation are two types of conformational isomers of alkanes.
D)The staggered conformation is more stable than the eclipsed conformation, because in the staggered conformation electron repulsion is maximized.
E)The boat conformation and the chair conformation are two conformational isomers of cyclohexane; the chair conformation is the more stable of the two.

Question 26

What functional groups are shown below?

A)alkoxy group, amine
B)carbonyl, aldehyde
C)hydroxyl group, ammonia
D)carbonyl group, amine
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 27

The large number of organic compounds is due in part to the ability of these compounds to form constitutional isomers.Which of the following pairs of compounds are related as constitutional isomers?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 28

How do the different conformations of an alkane molecule arise?

A)through C-C bond cleavage
B)by rotation about C-C single bonds
C)through oxidation of C-C bonds
D)by rearrangement of the order of attachment of atoms in the molecule
E)by combustion and halogenation reactions

Question 29

Traces of chloroform, CHCl₃, were found in the trunk of a car of a Florida woman who was charged in the death of her child.Which of the following best represents the order of attachment of the atoms in chloroform?

A)
B)
C)
D)

E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 30

The name of an organic compound is 2-methyl-4-propyloctane.What information about the structure of this compound is FALSE?

A)It is a branched alkane.
B)There are eight carbons in the parent chain.
C)There is a one-carbon alkyl group on carbon 2 of the parent chain.
D)There is a three-carbon alkyl group on carbon 4 of the parent chain.
E)None of the above statements is false.

Question 31

What is the molecular formula of butane?

A)C₃H₈
B)C₄H₈
C)C₄H₁₀
D)C₂H₆
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 32

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2-bromo-2-methylpropane
B)2-bromoisobutane
C)2,2-dibromomethylpropane
D)2-methyl-2-bromopropane
E)bromomethylbutane

Question 33

What additional condition or reagent is necessary for methane to react with chlorine according to the reaction equation shown below? CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl

A)enzyme
B)water
C)light or high temperature
D)acid or base
E)complete darkness

Question 34

Eicosane is the name of the organic compound with the condensed formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₈CH₃.What does the prefix "eicos" specifically indicate about the structure of this compound?

A)It is an alkane.
B)It is a saturated hydrocarbon.
C)It contains a straight chain of carbons.
D)It is aliphatic.
E)It contains 20 carbons in a continuous chain.

Question 35

The chair and boat conformations of cyclohexane are shown below.Which statement best explains why the chair conformation is more stable than the boat conformation?

A)The hydrogen atoms in the chair conformation are all staggered, which minimizes the repulsion of the bonding electrons.
B)The carbon atoms in the chair conformation are all eclipsed, which provides for the ideal bond angle of 109.5°.
C)The carbon atoms in the chair conformation are closer together than in the boat conformation, which provides for stronger C-C bonds.
D)The hydrogen atoms in the chair conformation are closer together than in the boat conformation, which provides for stronger C-H bonds.
E)The C-C bonds in the chair conformation are all staggered, which maximizes the energy of the molecule.

Question 36

Butanone (structure shown) may be classified as what type of compound?

A)aldehyde
B)ketone
C)ether
D)carboxylic acid
E)ester

Question 37

What type(s) of carbon-carbon bonds are never found in a saturated hydrocarbon?

A)single bonds
B)single and double bonds
C)double and triple bonds
D)single, double, and triple bonds
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 38

Which compound is NOT an isomer with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)All of these are correct.

Question 39

Which name describes a three-carbon alkane?

A)pentane
B)butane
C)propane
D)heptane
E)methane

Question 40

What term is used to describe the various spatial arrangements of a molecule formed by rotation around C-C single bonds?

A)geometric isomers
B)conformations
C)constitutional isomers
D)enantiomers
E)structural isomers

Question 41

The compound shown below is classified as what type?

A)alcohol
B)ether
C)carboxylic acid
D)amine
E)ketone

Question 42

The compound shown below is classified as what type?

A)alcohol
B)ether
C)amide
D)amine
E)alkene

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a typical property of inorganic compounds?

A)high boiling point
B)flammable
C)water-soluble
D)rapid reactions
E)high melting point

Question 44

Methane reacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction to produce carbon dioxide and water.How many moles of water are produced by the complete combustion of one mole of methane?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 45

The compound shown below is classified as what type?

A)alcohol
B)aldehyde
C)carboxylic acid
D)ester
E)ketone

Question 46

Which structural formula is represented by the condensed formula shown below? CH₂BrCH₂CH(CH₃)₂

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 47

Which of the following molecular formulas is not that of an alkane or cycloalkane?

A)C₆H₆
B)C₆H₁₂
C)C₅H₁₂
D)C₃H₆
E)C₃H₈

Question 48

What is the IUPAC name of the compound below?

A)methylhexane
B)methylcyclohexane
C)toluene
D)hexylmethane
E)methylbenzene

Question 49

Functional groups are primarily responsible for the chemical properties of molecules in which they are found.Which of the following compounds have the same functional group, and would therefore have the same chemical properties?

A)A and D
B)B and C
C)B and D
D)A, B, and D
E)B, C, and D

Question 50

What is the balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclooctane?

A)C₈H₁₈ + 12O₂ → 8CO₂ + 9H₂O
B)C₈H₁₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
C)2C₈H₁₂ + 24O₂ → 16CO₂ + 12H₂O
D)C₈H₁₆ + 12O₂ → 8CO₂ + 8H₂O
E)C₈H₁₆ + 8O₂ → 8CO + 8H₂O

Question 51

What word best describes the geometry (shape) around a carbon atom that has four single bonds to neighboring atoms?

A)tetrahedral
B)planar
C)regular
D)linear
E)unsaturated

Question 52

What is the source of most of the synthetic organic compounds that are used today?

A)methane
B)trees
C)petroleum
D)natural gas
E)coal

Question 53

What is the name of the alkyl group represented by the structure below?

A)acetyl
B)dimethyl
C)propyl
D)ethanyl
E)ethyl

Question 54

Which functional group is found in alcohols?

A)carboxyl
B)carboxy
C)amino
D)carbonyl
E)hydroxyl

Question 55

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2-ethylbutane
B)2-methyl-2-ethylpropane
C)3-methylpentane
D)trimethylpropane
E)2-methyl-diethylmethane

Question 56

The reaction shown below can be used to prepare alkyl halides.Which of the following best describes the type of reaction illustrated?

A)addition
B)substitution
C)elimination
D)combustion
E)condensation

Question 57

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)3-ethylpentane
B)3-methylheptane
C)1,4-dimethylpentane
D)3-ethylheptane
E)2-methyl-diethylmethane

Question 58

Which is the correct order of melting points for the following alkanes, from highest temperature to lowest temperature?

A)nonane > hexane > methane > ethane
B)hexane > nonane > ethane > methane
C)nonane > hexane > ethane > methane
D)nonane > ethane > hexane > methane
E)methane > ethane > hexane > nonane

Question 59

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2-chloromethane
B)2-chloropropane
C)1-methyl-1-chloroethane
D)1,1-chloromethylethane
E)2-chloroethane

Question 60

In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler carried out the first synthesis of an organic compound from inorganic substances.What compound did he accidentally make?

A)glucose
B)urea
C)ammonium cyanate
D)aspirin
E)formaldehyde

Question 61

Which equation properly represents the complete combustion of propane, C₃H₈?

A)C₃H₈ + 7O₂ → 3CO₂ + 8H₂O
B)C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
C)C₃H₈ + 10O → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
D)C₃H₈ + 7O → 3CO + 4H₂O
E)2C₃H₈ + 7O₂ → 6CO + 8H₂O

Question 62

What is the proper name of the following compound?

A)trans-dichloropentane
B)cis-dichlorocyclopentane
C)trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane
D)staggered-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane
E)anti-1,2-chlorocyclopentane

Question 63

Which one of the following structures represents an unstable organic compound that is not likely to exist?

A)
B)
C)
D)CH₂=CHCH₂CH₃
E)CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)₂

Question 64

Which compound(s) below contain substituents that are trans?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)A and B

Question 65

Which compound is an isomer of 2-methylpropane?

A)2-chloropropane
B)2,2-dimethylpropane
C)propane
D)cyclobutane
E)butane

Question 66

How many secondary and tertiary carbons, respectively, are in the following compound?

A)2, 4
B)2, 3
C)3, 3
D)3, 4
E)5, 3

Question 67

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2,2-dimethylpropane
B)2-methylbutane
C)dimethylbutane
D)tetramethylethane
E)2,2,2-trimethylmethane

Question 68

Which compound is an isomer of butane?

A)cyclobutane
B)CH₃CH(CH₃)₂
C)benzene
D)CH₃CHBrCH₂CH₃
E)2,2-dimethylpropane

Question 69

Which of the following is the monohalogenated product that results when cyclopentane undergoes chlorination according to the reaction below?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 70

Which compound is an isomer of 1,1-dibromoethane?

A)Br₂CHCH₃
B)CH₂BrCH₂Br
C)CH₃CHBr₂
D)CHBr₂CHBr₂
E)CH₃BrCH₃Br

Question 71

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)dibromopentane
B)2,4-dibromopentane
C)2,4-dibromohexane
D)2,5-dibromohexane
E)1-bromo-2,5-methylbromopentane

Question 72

Which of the following is a correct description of saturated hydrocarbons?

A)contain only single carbon-carbon bonds
B)contain only double carbon-carbon bonds
C)contain a mixture of single and double carbon-carbon bonds
D)contain a mixture of double and triple carbon-carbon bonds
E)contain a mixture of single, double, and triple carbon-carbon bonds

Question 73

Of the structures shown, which are related as constitutional isomers?

A)1 and 3
B)2 and 3
C)3 and 4
D)Both 1 and 3 and 2 and 3 are correct.
E)1 and 3, 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 are all related.

Question 74

Which compound is an isomer of pentane?

A)2-methylpentane
B)ethylcyclopropane
C)2,2-dimethylpropane
D)cyclopentane
E)methylcyclobutane

Question 75

Molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have different structures are known as which of the following?

A)allotropes
B)isotopes
C)conformers
D)isomers
E)alkanes

Question 76

Which of the following is the correct line formula for methylbutane?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 77

A chemist needs to reflux a reaction mixture at a high temperature.This requires the use of a high-boiling organic solvent.Of the following solvents that are available for use, which would have the highest boiling point, and therefore should be used as the solvent in the reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)CH₄

Question 78

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)2,2-dimethylpropane
B)2-methylbutane
C)dimethylbutane
D)2-hydro-2-methylbutane
E)isopropylethane

Question 79

Which of the following compounds are related as geometric isomers?

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)1 and 4
D)2 and 3
E)All are related as geometric isomers.

Question 80

What is the molecular formula and name of the following compound?

A)C₄H₉Br, 3-bromobutane
B)C₅H₁₁Br, 2-bromopentane
C)C₄H₈Br, 2-bromobutane
D)C₄H₉Br, 2-bromobutane
E)C₄H₈Br, 3-bromobutane