Deck 25: Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the relationship between D-erythrose and D-threose?

A) constitutional isomers
B) enantiomers
C) diastereomers
D) tautomers

Answer 1

diastereomers

Question 2

What are the R/S stereochemical designations of C2 and C3 of D-erythrose?

A) 2R,3R
B) 2R,3S
C) 2S,3R
D) 2S,3S

Answer 2

2R,3R

Question 3

Which of the following structures represent the same carbohydrate?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 3

only 2 and 3

Question 4

Which carbon in the following carbohydrate is the anomeric carbon?

A) i
B) ii
C) iii
D) iv

Question 5

Which of the following represents a pyranose?

A) only 1
B) only 2
C) only 3
D) only 1 and 2

Question 6

What is the relationship between D-threose and L-threose?

A) constitutional isomers
B) enantiomers
C) diastereomers
D) tautomers

Question 7

What is the relationship between D-arabinose and L-arabinose?

A) constitutional isomers
B) enantiomers
C) diastereomers
D) tautomers

Question 8

Which of the following structures represent the same carbohydrate?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 9

Which of the following represent an aldose?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 10

Which of the following has a D-configuration?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) only 1, 2 and 3

Question 11

What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction?

A) only 1
B) only 2
C) only 3
D) only 1 and 2

Question 12

Which of the following represent a ketose?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 13

What is the relationship between D-ribose and D-xylose?

A) constitutional isomers
B) enantiomers
C) diastereomers
D) tautomers

Question 14

Which of the following has a D-configuration?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 2 and 3
D) only 1, 2 and 3

Question 15

What are the R/S stereochemical designations of C2 and C3 of L-threose?

A) 2R,3R
B) 2R,3S
C) 2S,3R
D) 2S,3S

Question 16

What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 17

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) sucrose
D) mannitol

Question 18

Which of the following represents a furanose?

A) only 1
B) only 2
C) only 3
D) only 2 and 3

Question 19

What is (are) the major organic product(s) obtained from the following reaction?

A) only 1
B) only 2
C) only 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 20

Which carbon in the following carbohydrate is the anomeric carbon?

A) i
B) ii
C) iii
D) iv

Question 21

The following compound will react with Tollens' solution.

Question 22

Reduction of an optically active aldopentose with NaBH₄ gives an optically inactive alditol. The aldopentose could be:

Question 23

Which of the following is an alditol?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) glucaric acid
D) mannitol

Question 24

Oxidation of optically active D-erythrose with nitric acid produces optically inactive meso-tartaric acid (below). The structure of D-erythrose is shown below.

Question 25

A 1,4-α-linkage between two glucose units produces a disaccharide called maltose.

Question 26

Consider the following Fisher projections. They all convert to the same tetrahedral representation as shown below..

Question 27

Which of the following is vitamin C?

A) D-glucose
B) D-mannitol
C) L-ascorbic acid
D) L-sorbose

Question 28

The formula for maltose is: The number of the acetal carbon is _____.

Question 29

The structures that represent reducing sugars are:

A) only the ketoses.
B) only the aldoses.
C) all of these structures.

Question 30

The following are two different methods of representing the same structure.

Question 31

The following structure shows the correct assignment of the R or S configuration to each chirality center in sorbose.

Question 32

Consider the following structures. Answer the following questions by placing the appropriate number or indicated letter in the blank.
Structure ____ represents a aldopentose.

Question 33

A glycoside is formed upon reaction of glucopyranose with NaBH₄.

Question 34

Consider the following structures. Answer the following questions by placing the appropriate number or indicated letter in the blank.
Structure ____ represents a ketohexose.

Question 35

Consider the structure shown below. The Haworth projection formula for the pyranose form of β-D-galactose is given below.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

A) amylose
B) amylopectin
C) glycogen
D) ribulose

Question 37

The difference between the pyranose and furanose forms of a given aldohexose is the ring size.

Question 38

Starch, cellulose, and surcrose are all classified as polysaccharides.

Question 39

The number of hydroxyl groups in the pyranose form of glucose is _____.

Question 40

The number of the anomeric carbon in the following structure is _____.

Question 41

From the sugars below, choose the one that best fits each description below. Place the letter of the sugar in the blank to the left of the description. There is only one correct answer for each question.
_____ is a sugar which yields a single alditol upon reduction.

Question 42

What are the two major organic products obtained from treatment of an α-hydroxyketone with periodic acid in water?

Question 43

What are the major organic products obtained from treatment of a 1,2,3-triol with periodic acid in water?

Question 44

The correct name for the cyclic structure is__________________________.

Question 45

What are the two major organic products obtained from the following reaction? What is the relationship between them? (What type of isomers are they?)

Question 46

From the sugars below, choose the one that best fits each description below. Place the letter of the sugar in the blank to the left of the description. There is only one correct answer for each question.
_____ is a D-sugar.

Question 47

Match the following compounds used to produce rayon and acetate rayon with the most appropriate roles.
Treats materials containing cellulose

A)Sodium salt of xanthate ester
B)Acetylated cellulose
C)Carbon disulfide
D)Dilute sulfuric acid

Question 48

Complete the structure on the right so that it represents the pyranose form of the carbohydrate shown on the left as a Fischer projection. Place the substituents carefully so that their position in axial or equatorial positions accurately reflects the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate.

Question 49

The anomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (alpha or beta)

Question 50

The textile rayon is produced by treatment of cellulose with carbon disulfide in aqueous sodium hydroxide. What type of functional group is introduced on the cellulose under these conditions?

Question 51

What is the major organic product obtained from the reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase?

Question 52

The following monosaccharide has ________ equatorial hydroxyl groups.

Question 53

What are the major organic products obtained from treatment of a methyl glycoside with periodic acid in water?

Question 54

From the sugars below, choose the one that best fits each description below. Place the letter of the sugar in the blank to the left of the description. There is only one correct answer for each question.
_____ is a deoxy sugar.

Question 55

The fundamental difference between the monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide classifications of carbohydrates is the number of _________________present.

Question 56

From the sugars below, choose the one that best fits each description below. Place the letter of the sugar in the blank to the left of the description. There is only one correct answer for each question.
_____ is a sugar with three chirality centers.

Question 57

What is the major organic product obtained from the following reduction of glucose?

Question 58

Complete the structure on the right so that it represents the pyranose form of the carbohydrate shown on the left as a Fischer projection. Place the substituents carefully so that their position in axial or equatorial positions accurately reflects the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate.

Question 59

The name of the following Fischer projection including stereochemistry is _____________________.

Question 60

The textile cellulose acetate is produced by treatment of cellulose with acetic anhydride. What type of functional group is introduced on the cellulose under these conditions?

Question 61

_____ is the change in specific rotation that accompanies the interconversion of α and β anomers in an aqueous solution.

Question 62

Identify the products of the following reaction. ​

A) D-mannitol and D-glucitol
B) D-xylitol and D-mannitol
C) D-glucitol and D-xylitol
D) D-xylitol and D-glucitol

Question 63

Identify the following compound. ​

A) Hyaluronic acid
B) Heparin
C) Cellulose
D) Amylopectin

Question 64

Match the following compounds used to produce rayon and acetate rayon with the most appropriate roles.
Forms acetate rayon on precipitation

A)Sodium salt of xanthate ester
B)Acetylated cellulose
C)Carbon disulfide
D)Dilute sulfuric acid

Question 65

Identify the given compound. ​

A) β lactose
B) β maltose
C) α sucrose
D) α maltose

Question 66

There are only 2 trioses: the aldotriose 2,3-dihydroxypropanal and the ketotriose _____.

Question 67

Match the following compounds used to produce rayon and acetate rayon with the most appropriate roles.
Hydrolyzes the xanthate ester group

A)Sodium salt of xanthate ester
B)Acetylated cellulose
C)Carbon disulfide
D)Dilute sulfuric acid

Question 68

Identify the major product of the following reaction. ​

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 69

Match the following compounds used to produce rayon and acetate rayon with the most appropriate roles.
Causes fibers to dissolve in an alkali

A)Sodium salt of xanthate ester
B)Acetylated cellulose
C)Carbon disulfide
D)Dilute sulfuric acid