Deck 25: The Sixties, 1960 -1968

Question 1

MATCHING
Mario Savio

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Answer 1

free speech movement

Question 2

MATCHING
Port Huron Statement

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Answer 2

SDS

Question 3

MATCHING
Twenty-fourth Amendment

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Answer 3

outlawed the poll tax

Question 4

MATCHING
Lyndon Johnson

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 5

MATCHING
Peace Corps

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 6

MATCHING
Fidel Castro

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 7

MATCHING
Michael Harrington

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 8

MATCHING
silent majority

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 9

MATCHING
Cesar Chavez

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 10

MATCHING
Betty Friedan

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 11

MATCHING
New York Times v. Sullivan

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 12

MATCHING
Malcolm X

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 13

MATCHING
Loving v. Virginia

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 14

MATCHING
Freedom Summer

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 15

MATCHING
James Meredith

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 16

MATCHING
Martin Luther King Jr.

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 17

MATCHING
Alliance for Progress

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 18

MATCHING
Ralph Nadar

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 19

MATCHING
Stokely Carmichael

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 20

MATCHING
Carl Oglesby

A)Great Society
B)Unsafe at Any Speed
C)"Letter from Birmingham Jail"
D)National Farm Worker's Association
E)free speech movement
F)supporter of Black Power movement
G)Bay of Pigs
H)The Other America
I)founder of NOW
J)nation of Islam
K)SDS leader
L)University of Mississippi
M)interracial marriage

Question 21

When Birmingham police chief Bull Connor used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on young civil rights protesters:

A) there was little public response.
B) there was a public outcry only in the North.
C) there was a wave of revulsion globally.
D) President Kennedy abandoned his support for the civil rights movement.
E) U.S. attorney general Robert Kennedy asked Martin Luther King Jr. to stop the protests.

Question 22

In his 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King Jr.:

A) agreed with white clergy that the civil rights movement was moving too fast.
B) agreed with white clergy that the civil rights movement should focus on the North rather than the South.
C) discussed the litany of abuses faced by blacks in the South and the need for change.
D) appealed directly to Birmingham police chief Eugene "Bull" Connor.
E) appealed directly to U.S. attorney general Robert Kennedy.

Question 23

By the end of 1960, some 70,000 demonstrators had taken part in sit-ins across the South to protest:

A) desegregation.
B) segregation.
C) the use of nuclear weapons.
D) the Vietnam War.
E) sexism.

Question 24

MATCHING
Gulf of Tonkin resolution

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 25

The Alliance for Progress:

A) included a treaty signed with Cuba after its communist revolution.
B) was a great success, bringing much-needed economic assistance to the people of Latin America.
C) was administered by the United States throughout Latin America.
D) was President Kennedy's Marshall Plan for Latin America.
E) was President Kennedy's Marshall Plan for Southeast Asia.

Question 26

MATCHING
Roe v. Wade

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 27

The Freedom Rides:

A) were launched by CORE and led the Interstate Commerce Commission to order buses and terminals desegregated.
B) were ignored by southern law enforcement.
C) had little effect on segregation in the South.
D) were successful only in the North.
E) were the journeys made by blacks as part of their mass migration to the North.

Question 28

MATCHING
Sharon Statement

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 29

To whom was Martin Luther King Jr. writing his "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

A) President Kennedy
B) local clergymen
C) local white businessmen
D) other civil rights leaders
E) newspaper men

Question 30

MATCHING
free speech movement

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 31

To combat communism, one of John Kennedy's first acts was to:

A) call for a summit meeting between the two superpowers.
B) increase military spending on ballistic missiles.
C) suggest a treaty with the Soviet Union that would eliminate all nuclear weapons.
D) deploy combat troops to Vietnam.
E) establish the Peace Corps.

Question 32

The sit-in at Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960:

A) reflected mounting frustration at the slow pace of racial change.
B) was the last of a series of violent agitations for civil rights in 1960.
C) had no real effect on the momentum of the civil rights movement.
D) was largely organized by members of King's SCLC.
E) illustrated how civil rights activists embraced the violent messages of Malcolm X.

Question 33

MATCHING
Silent Spring

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 34

In 1963 during the Birmingham civil rights demonstrations, firemen:

A) assaulted young demonstrators with high-pressure hoses.
B) kept the peace with their tanker-trucks as blockades.
C) served as extra drivers for the police taking demonstrators to jail.
D) extinguished fires set by Ku Klux Klan members.
E) served as moderators between Martin Luther King Jr.'s SCLC and Birmingham's businessmen.

Question 35

The 1963 March on Washington:

A) included female speakers.
B) included speeches with militant language.
C) focused solely on economic justice.
D) focused solely on the passage of a civil rights bill that was languishing in Congress.
E) was a high point in cooperation between black and white Americans.

Question 36

During the Bay of Pigs invasion:

A) the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) failed to topple Fidel Castro's regime.
B) Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba.
C) the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power.
D) a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro's regime.
E) Fidel Castro nationalized American landholdings.

Question 37

James Meredith is best known as the:

A) organizer of the Freedom Rides.
B) black person who refused to give up his seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
C) first black student admitted into the University of Mississippi.
D) first black congressman elected since Reconstruction.
E) organizer of the Poor People's Campaign.

Question 38

MATCHING
Our Bodies, Ourselves

A)SDS
B)Richard Nixon's voter base
C)a congressional blank check
D)outlawed the poll tax
E)freedom of the press
F)Young Americans for Freedom
G)University of California at Berkeley
H)young American volunteers to help abroad
I)aid for Latin America
J)environmental movement
K)protection of the right to abortion
L)voter registration drive
M)women's health

Question 39

Freedom Riders were:

A) welcomed by white southerners.
B) never arrested.
C) only black students.
D) attacked by the local Ku Klux Klan.
E) unsuccessful in their efforts.

Question 40

Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" declared that:

A) the civil rights movement had become too violent and had to stop.
B) the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice.
C) the federal government was solely responsible for the violence in the South.
D) the white clergy in the South had done a tremendous job at fighting Jim Crow.
E) he was abandoning his policy of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration.

Question 41

Black Power emerged as a response to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) frustrations over the federal government's failure to stop violence against civil rights workers.
B) white workers' attempts to determine the civil rights movement's strategy.
C) the civil rights movement's failure to have any impact on the economic problems of black ghettos.
D) the growing ideas of racial self-assertion and black self-determination.
E) the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

Question 42

The Immigration Reform Act of 1965:

A) decreased the quotas set in 1924.
B) increased the quotas set in 1924, and European immigration has skyrocketed.
C) increased the quotas set in 1924, and European immigration has decreased.
D) was forced through Congress in response to increasing numbers of Vietnamese refugees.
E) had no recognizable impact on immigration patterns.

Question 43

The Kerner Report:

A) blamed the urban riots on the antiwar movement.
B) blamed the urban riots on segregation and poverty.
C) found much evidence of racial harmony despite the upheaval.
D) offered specific program suggestions to end the violence.
E) recommended that the civil rights movement curtail its efforts for change.

Question 44

The 1965 Voting Rights Act:

A) banned discrimination at national party conventions.
B) empowered local officials to supervise voter registration.
C) empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration.
D) was vetoed by President Johnson.
E) was proposed but never passed by Congress.

Question 45

Barry Goldwater's 1964 campaign emphasized:

A) increased taxes to pay for the Great Society.
B) an immediate pullout from Vietnam.
C) a reduction in governmental regulations.
D) racial equality in the United States.
E) a less aggressive approach to the Cold War.

Question 46

The Young Americans for Freedom:

A) believed that the free market assured personal freedom.
B) worked in tandem with the Students for a Democratic Society.
C) supported Lyndon Johnson for president in 1964.
D) believed that a strong federal government assured personal freedom.
E) wrote the Port Huron Statement.

Question 47

Johnson's War on Poverty included all of the following programs EXCEPT:

A) Head Start.
B) a jobs program for unemployed Americans.
C) VISTA, a domestic Peace Corps.
D) the Office of Economic Opportunities.
E) food stamps.

Question 48

The 1964 Civil Rights Act did not:

A) prohibit racial discrimination in employment.
B) ban discrimination on the grounds of sex.
C) ban discriminatory laws that prevented suffrage.
D) prohibit racial discrimination in privately owned public accommodations.
E) prohibit racial discrimination in institutions like hospitals and schools.

Question 49

The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party:

A) was founded by whites to fight desegregation.
B) was open only to blacks.
C) had President Johnson's full support.
D) challenged the all-white delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
E) challenged the all-black delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.

Question 50

In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which:

A) prohibited both racial and sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions.
B) prohibited only racial discrimination in employment and public institutions.
C) prohibited only sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions.
D) was passed over President Johnson's veto.
E) had the full support of Congress.

Question 51

Malcolm X:

A) supported integration efforts.
B) worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
C) insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy.
D) felt that the Black Power movement went too far.
E) was inspired by the efforts of Booker T. Washington earlier in the twentieth century.

Question 52

All of the following statements about the Black Panther Party are true EXCEPT:

A) the Black Panther Party was founded in Oakland, California.
B) the Black Panther Party advocated armed self-defense in response to police brutality.
C) the Black Panther Party demanded the release of black prisoners.
D) the Black Panther Party ran health clinics, schools, and children's breakfast programs.
E) the Black Panther Party rejected the idea of black self-determination.

Question 53

Regarding civil rights during his presidency, John Kennedy:

A) immediately addressed the demands of black activists.
B) remained completely uninvolved.
C) was reluctant to address the movement's demands until 1963.
D) instructed his brother Robert Kennedy to immediately enforce desegregation in the South.
E) proposed a civil rights bill his first week in office.

Question 54

All of the following were part of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Chicago Freedom Movement platform EXCEPT:

A) the integration of public housing.
B) equal access to mortgages.
C) an end to discrimination by employers and unions.
D) voter registration of black citizens.
E) construction of low-income housing.

Question 55

Republican Barry Goldwater viewed ____________ as a threat to freedom.

A) the New Deal welfare state
B) nuclear weapons buildup
C) the military-industrial complex
D) the proliferation of private charities
E) the Warren Court

Question 56

The Hart-Celler Act of 1965:

A) removed all barriers to Mexican immigration.
B) established new, racially neutral criteria for immigration.
C) established new, racially specific criteria for immigration.
D) severely limited Asian immigration.
E) removed political asylum as a criteria for immigration.

Question 57

During Freedom Summer:

A) very few white college students participated.
B) only black civil rights activists participated in the voter registration campaign.
C) signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration.
D) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.
E) there was little violence.

Question 58

Lyndon Johnson remarked, "I think we delivered the South to the Republican Party" after:

A) sending troops to Vietnam.
B) agreeing to meet with Martin Luther King Jr.
C) passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
D) implementation of the Great Society program.
E) passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

Question 59

The Cuban Missile Crisis:

A) brought the United States and the Soviets to the brink of nuclear war.
B) brought the United States into Vietnam.
C) revolved around the placement of missiles in the Soviet Union.
D) revolved around the placement of missiles in the United States.
E) occurred when Cuba threatened to attack the United States.

Question 60

The New Left:

A) was made up mostly of black college students.
B) and the counterculture were the same thing.
C) called for a democracy of citizen participation.
D) was made up mostly of children of the Old Right.
E) embraced conformity and consumer culture.

Question 61

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring inspired the:

A) environmental movement.
B) feminist movement.
C) gay liberation movement.
D) conservative movement.
E) Indian movement.

Question 62

The Young Lords Organization in New York City represented:

A) blacks.
B) Italians.
C) Puerto Ricans.
D) gays.
E) conservatives.

Question 63

At the 1968 Miss America beauty pageant, feminist protesters threw all of the following items into the "freedom trash can" EXCEPT:

A) girdles.
B) high-heeled shoes.
C) bras.
D) copies of Playboy.
E) birth-control pills.

Question 64

The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) an end on the mass media's false image of women.
B) equal job opportunities for women.
C) equal educational opportunities.
D) equal opportunities in politics.
E) an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Question 65

The antiwar movement:

A) attracted only draft-age males.
B) was of little interest to civil rights activists.
C) never built a mass constituency.
D) had little impact on public opinion.
E) openly challenged the foundations of Cold War thinking.

Question 66

After the Stonewall riot:

A) gay men and lesbians divided into two separate political movements.
B) the gay liberation movement came to an end.
C) prejudice against lesbians ended.
D) a militant gay liberation movement was born.
E) prejudice against gay men ended.

Question 67

The counterculture of the 1960s can best be described as:

A) a rejection of mainstream values.
B) a quest for group identity.
C) a movement that condemned drug use.
D) a movement that emphasized the ideal of conformity.
E) a movement that rejected consumer culture.

Question 68

The Gulf of Tonkin resolution:

A) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam.
B) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Cuba.
C) was a formal declaration of war.
D) called for an immediate end to the hostilities in Southeast Asia.
E) had little Senate support at the time.

Question 69

The Port Huron Statement:

A) was written by Michael Harrington.
B) summed up the philosophy of the Young Americans for Freedom.
C) praised American political and economic institutions.
D) offered a vision for social change based on participatory democracy.
E) criticized American Cold War policies but offered no new suggestions.

Question 70

How did Mario Savio define freedom?

A) as freedom to choose
B) as a moral condition
C) as consumption
D) as suffrage
E) as freedom of expression

Question 71

The Port Huron Statement was to the Students for a Democratic Society as the _____________ was to the Young Americans for Freedom.

A) Pentagon Papers
B) Sharon Statement
C) Conscience of a Conservative
D) Buckley Statement
E) Church Statement

Question 72

The gay liberation movement:

A) was banned in several states.
B) attracted only men.
C) attracted only women.
D) was inspired by the civil rights movement.
E) ended with the successful Stonewall riot.

Question 73

Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in:

A) the bracero program.
B) Cesar Chavez.
C) Mario Savio.
D) Carlos Bulosan.
E) the Border Patrol.

Question 74

What was the attitude of the New Left toward university professors, as seen in the Port Huron Statement?

A) They had tremendous respect for them.
B) They believed that they were puppets of the military-industrial complex.
C) They saw them as leaders in the antiwar movement.
D) They were skeptical of them since most professors were older than thirty.
E) They saw them as the bearers of liberal knowledge and reform.

Question 75

The free speech movement:

A) failed in its efforts to establish free speech on college campuses.
B) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political literature.
C) began in Los Angeles to protest a campus ban on political literature.
D) began in Port Huron to protest a campus ban on political literature.
E) had little support among college-age students at the time.

Question 76

By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam:

A) was less than in 1965.
B) was decreasing as the peace process accelerated.
C) exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal.
D) was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term.
E) was of little concern to most Americans.

Question 77

The American Indian Movement:

A) was in opposition to the Red Power movement.
B) demanded the end of the tribal system.
C) demanded greater tribal self-government.
D) urged all Indians to leave their reservations.
E) demanded greater federal control of the reservation system.

Question 78

In the Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan:

A) focused on the plight of working-class women.
B) argued that motherhood was a woman's primary duty.
C) focused on emptiness of consumer culture and the discontents of middleclass women.
D) focused only on black women.
E) emphasized the important role women could play in the antiwar movement.

Question 79

In the 1960s, Latino rights in particular were the focus of the:

A) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Students for a Democratic Society.
B) United Farm Workers and the Young Lords.
C) Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis.
D) National Organization for Women and Redstockings.
E) American Indian Movement and the NAACP.

Question 80

Radical feminists:

A) argued that the "personal is political."
B) argued that women should be free of economic responsibilities once they become mothers.
C) were led by Betty Friedan.
D) wanted to fight gender discrimination only through the courts.
E) wanted to protect the sanctity of marriage.