Deck 16: Americas Gilded Age, 1870 -1890

Question 1

MATCHING
Civil Service Act

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Answer 1

merit system for federal employees

Question 2

MATCHING
John
D. Rockefeller

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Answer 2

oil industrial giant

Question 3

MATCHING
Dawes Act

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Answer 3

broke up tribal lands

Question 4

MATCHING
gilded

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 5

MATCHING
Henry George

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 6

MATCHING
trusts

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 7

MATCHING
Sitting Bull

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 8

MATCHING
Thomas Edison

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 9

MATCHING
Chief Joseph

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 10

MATCHING
William
G. Sumner

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 11

MATCHING
Nicola Tesla

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 12

MATCHING
conspicuous consumption

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 13

MATCHING
Terence Powderly

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 14

MATCHING
horizontal integration

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 15

MATCHING
Walter Rauschenbusch

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 16

MATCHING
Andrew Carnegie

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 17

MATCHING
social gospel

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 18

MATCHING
Edward Bellamy

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 19

MATCHING
Jacob Riis

A)Social Gospel movement
B)steel industrial giant
C)Progress and Poverty
D)Knights of Labor
E)electric motor
F)How the Other Half Lives
G)Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
H)utopian novelist
I)Social Darwinist
J)oil industrial giant
K)Nez Percé
L)inventor

Question 20

MATCHING
vertical integration

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 21

In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were:

A) unheard of.
B) used only rarely.
C) against the law.
D) seen as beneficial by consumers.
E) ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.

Question 22

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:

A) a more stable economy.
B) frequent and prolonged economic depressions.
C) higher prices.
D) a more equitable distribution of wealth.
E) the introduction of socialism.

Question 23

For workers, the second industrial revolution meant all of the following EXCEPT:

A) frequent periods of mass unemployment.
B) higher wages than those earned by European industrial workers.
C) dangerous work conditions.
D) an increase of women working in industry.
E) a decrease in child labor.

Question 24

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was:

A) dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.
B) insignificant.
C) concentrated in the cities.
D) beneficial to Indians.
E) significant only for native-born whites.

Question 25

MATCHING
Tweed Ring

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 26

In 1883, ____________ divided the nation into the four time zones still used today.

A) the major railroad companies
B) the federal government
C) a coalition of mining and lumber companies
D) an organization of Western states
E) a group of businessmen from Chicago

Question 27

Between 1897 and 1904, a wave of financial mergers led to the creation of the following corporations, all of which dominated major parts of the economy EXCEPT:

A) U.S. Steel.
B) J.P. Morgan.
C) Standard Oil.
D) International Harvester.
E) Quaker Oats.

Question 28

MATCHING
Social Darwinism

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 29

Bonanza farms:

A) were small, self-sufficient farms.
B) were the sharecropping farms found in the South.
C) typically had 3,000 acres of land or more.
D) were free homesteads in California.
E) were settled along the railroad lines of the Union Pacific.

Question 30

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:

A) highlighted the benefits of the second industrial revolution.
B) discussed the lives of wealthy Americans.
C) focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.
D) provided a fictional account of life in 1890.
E) wrote about captains of industry.

Question 31

MATCHING
bonanza farm

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 32

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

A) a return to handmade goods.
B) a more equalized distribution of wealth.
C) the rapid expansion of industry across the South.
D) the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.
E) a decline in the growth of cities.

Question 33

Thomas Edison:

A) invented the typewriter.
B) was a governor of New Jersey.
C) pioneered the use of the telephone.
D) was a railroad owner.
E) invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

Question 34

MATCHING
Elk v. Wilkins

A)merit system for federal employees
B)believed that equality of wealth was required for freedom
C)a corrupt political machine
D)a combination of corporations to establish a monopoly
E)Indians were not American citizens
F)buying out one's competitors
G)controlling every phase of a business
H)broke up tribal lands
I)Spending money simply to show off wealth
J)survival of the fittest
K)covered in gold
L)covered thousands of acres

Question 35

All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

A) availability of capital for investment.
B) a growing supply of labor.
C) abundant natural resources.
D) low tariffs.
E) federal land grants to railroads.

Question 36

The ____________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

A) oil industry
B) railroads
C) iron industry
D) textiles
E) cotton gin

Question 37

How is Standard Oil depicted in the magazine Puck, illustrating the company as a dangerous monopoly?

A) a vulture
B) an octopus
C) a shark
D) a caterpillar
E) a snake

Question 38

Which mode of transportation is usually associated with the second industrial revolution?

A) railroads
B) canals
C) automobiles
D) horse-drawn trolleys
E) airplanes

Question 39

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

A) worked as farmers.
B) worked as independent craftsmen.
C) worked in the mining industry.
D) were moving into the middle class.
E) worked for wages.

Question 40

The American working class:

A) were paid less than their European counterparts.
B) worked under safe conditions, and fatal factory accidents were uncommon.
C) did not include women and children.
D) was quickly making gains and moving into the middle class.
E) lived in desperate conditions.

Question 41

The economic development of the American West was based on:

A) farming solely.
B) lumber, mining industries, tourism, and farming.
C) the continued reliance on self-sufficient farming.
D) transportation modes other than the railroad.
E) the cooperation of the Plains Indians.

Question 42

Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:

A) were international corporations.
B) were involved in steel production.
C) were owned by Andrew Carnegie.
D) donated money to the poor.
E) were indicative of the corruption in the Grant administration.

Question 43

The Plains Indians:

A) were completely responsible for the near extinction of the buffalo.
B) had lived in peace until the Civil War.
C) encouraged the influx of white settlers.
D) included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.
E) were treated fairly by the federal government.

Question 44

William M. Tweed was a(n):

A) political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers.
B) civic reformer who introduced a clean, nonpartisan form of government in New York.
C) infamous precinct worker in Chicago who made millions off the immigrants.
D) corrupt landlord of tenement-style urban residences in Pittsburgh.
E) socialist who ran for mayor of New York on the Labor Party ticket.

Question 45

The Dawes Act of 1887:

A) empowered Indians.
B) assured Indian autonomy.
C) sought to break up the tribal system.
D) was a great success.
E) hurt white interests in the West.

Question 46

The Ghost Dance:

A) was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.
B) was seen as harmless.
C) was approved by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
D) brought Indians and whites together in a cultural celebration.
E) ushered in a new era of Indian wars.

Question 47

Chief Joseph:

A) advocated greater federal control of Indians.
B) starred in a Wild West show.
C) was at the Little Bighorn.
D) supported the reservation system.
E) wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé.

Question 48

After the Civil War, which of the following became a symbol of a life of freedom on the open range?

A) Indians
B) buffalo
C) cowboys
D) pioneers
E) Pony Express riders

Question 49

Elk v. Wilkins (1884):

A) agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.
B) ordered that citizenship be applied to the Indians if Indians renounced loyalty to their tribe.
C) voided a state law that established maximum working hours for bakers, citing that this law infringed on individual freedom.
D) decided that working more than ten hours a day was more strain than a female body could bear.
E) ruled that manufacturing was a local activity, not subject to congressional regulation of interstate commerce.

Question 50

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

A) to prepare them for reservation life
B) to train them in the professional skills necessary to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers
C) to convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations
D) to civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term
E) to prepare them to enlist in the U.S. military

Question 51

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

A) created a merit system for government workers.
B) favored candidates with political influence.
C) was passed in response to the assassination of President Lincoln.
D) applied only to women.
E) applied only to elected officeholders.

Question 52

Republican economic policies strongly favored:

A) midwestern farmers.
B) southern sharecroppers.
C) national consumers.
D) eastern industrialists and bankers.
E) western silver mine owners.

Question 53

Which event marked the end of the Indian wars?

A) Battle of Little Big Horn
B) surrender of Chief Joseph and the Nez Percé
C) Battle of Wounded Knee
D) establishment of the Ghost Dance
E) surrender of Sitting Bull

Question 54

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:

A) distribute land allocations to railroad companies.
B) standardize the transportation of animal feed between states.
C) oversee state taxes.
D) regulate railroad gauge size.
E) ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

Question 55

In his speech "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:

A) slavery.
B) westward expansion.
C) the growing gap between the rich and poor.
D) the rise of bonanza farming.
E) railroad and transportation costs.

Question 56

Elections during the Gilded Age:

A) suffered from low voter turnout.
B) brought an end to Democratic control of the South.
C) were closely contested affairs.
D) suffered from a lack of party loyalty among voters.
E) were generally quiet affairs with few rallies or speeches.

Question 57

The Indian victory at Little Bighorn:

A) was typical at the time.
B) only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.
C) brought an end to the hostilities.
D) came after an unprovoked attack by Indians.
E) resulted in no U.S. army casualties.

Question 58

"Boss" William M. Tweed was a(n):

A) captain of industry.
B) social reformer.
C) evangelist.
D) the head of a political machine.
E) steel producer.

Question 59

What did hunters shoot while riding the railroads across the West?

A) horses
B) deer
C) antelope
D) Indians
E) buffalo

Question 60

The Dawes Act of 1887:

A) placed Indians on reservations.
B) divided tribal lands into parcels of land for Indian families.
C) outlawed the killing of the buffalo.
D) was considered a success by the Indians.
E) ended the Indian wars in the West.

Question 61

During the second industrial revolution, the courts:

A) supported the interests of workers.
B) supported the interests of consumers.
C) refused to hear any cases related to business interests.
D) tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor.
E) tended to favor the interests of labor over those of industry.

Question 62

Henry George offered a(n) ____________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.

A) low-income housing program
B) single tax
C) immigration restriction law
D) Communist platform
E) forced Americanization program

Question 63

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?

A) A bomb exploded, killing a police officer.
B) The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.
C) Employers took the opportunity to paint the labor movement as a dangerous and un-American force prone to violence and controlled by foreign-born radicals.
D) Seven of the eight men accused of plotting the Haymarket bombing were foreign born.
E) Laborers were gathered at Haymarket Square to demonstrate for an eight-hour day.

Question 64

Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?

A) The courts viewed state regulation of business as an insult to free labor.
B) Lochner v. New York voided a state law that established maximum working hours for bakers, citing that it infringed on individual freedom.
C) The courts generally sided with business enterprises that complained of a loss of economic freedom.
D) Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.
E) Liberals thought that the workers' demands that the government help them was an example of how the misuse of political power posed a threat to liberty.

Question 65

In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:

A) class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.
B) increasing power of the executive branch of government and lack of checks and balances.
C) the rapid migration of African-Americans from the South to the industrial North, and their increased voting power.
D) the increased numbers of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who brought dangerous socialist ideas to the masses.
E) the momentum gained by women in their efforts to win suffrage and other rights in the public realm.

Question 66

The Grange was an organization that:

A) pushed for the eight-hour day.
B) sought to raise railroad rates.
C) opposed government regulation of shipping charges.
D) pushed for railroads to acquire more land in the West.
E) established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

Question 67

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:

A) voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.
B) limited the number of hours coal miners worked.
C) voided a state law that limited child labor.
D) voided a state law that limited the number of hours women could work.
E) ruled that "liberty of contract" undermined workers' rights.

Question 68

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877:

A) had little impact in America.
B) was a victory for labor.
C) saw little violence.
D) was confined only to New England.
E) was evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between industry and the Republican Party.

Question 69

The Knights of Labor:

A) was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.
B) organized only skilled, white, native-born workers.
C) did not admit women.
D) never had more than a few hundred members.
E) cooperated with big business.

Question 70

By the turn of the century, most Americans still worked for themselves as small business owners or as farmers.

Question 71

Henry George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with:

A) ownership of land.
B) the right to vote.
C) equal access to wealth.
D) race.
E) the right to work.

Question 72

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?

A) The theory evolved from the British philosopher Herbert Spencer.
B) The theory argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature and that government must not interfere.
C) The theory argued that failure to advance in society indicated a lack of character.
D) The theory argued that freedom required frank acceptance of inequality.
E) The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

Question 73

All of the following individuals wrote about the subject of America's poor EXCEPT:

A) Jacob Riis
B) Mathew Smith
C) Henry George
D) Edward Bellamy
E) Charles Darwin

Question 74

The Haymarket Affair:

A) began with the Great Strike of 1877.
B) originated in New York City.
C) involved American farmers on strike.
D) brought about the end of Reconstruction.
E) was provoked by the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally.

Question 75

The Social Gospel:

A) was another term for Social Darwinism.
B) was financed by corporate donations.
C) was part of the Catholic Church.
D) called for an equalization of wealth and power.
E) did not support aid to the poor.

Question 76

The over 150 utopian and cataclysmic novels published during the last quarter of the nineteenth century:

A) indicated social acceptance of the second industrial revolution.
B) were inspired by the growing fear of class warfare.
C) advocated the continued concentration of capital.
D) were never best sellers.
E) were banned by the federal government.

Question 77

The idea for the Statue of Liberty originated as a response to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 78

One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:

A) not since the Civil War had so many people been killed.
B) it underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time.
C) the victory won by labor was the greatest for the labor movement in American history.
D) it proved the theory of Social Darwinism.
E) it demonstrated how effective the Knights of Labor could be in organizing workers.

Question 79

The theory of Social Darwinism argued that:

A) public assistance should be available for the poor.
B) giant corporations were inherently evil.
C) the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor.
D) the poor were in no way responsible for their poverty.
E) excessive personal wealth was a sign of weakness.

Question 80

The Greenback-Labor Party:

A) wanted banks to control the money supply.
B) wanted to increase the amount of money in circulation.
C) wanted to decrease the money supply.
D) was unable to elect any of its candidates, even on the local level.
E) supported the use of force against striking workers.