Deck 6: Alcohol and Tobacco

Question 1

Between 1963 and today, the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the U.S. population (age 18 and older):

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.
E) remains unknown.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The relationship between the sale of alcohol in a given location and the likelihood that residents living in that location will be hospitalized for assault is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the past 30 years or so, the number of alcohol-related automobile fatalities:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.
E) remains unknown.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The death toll-the total number of people who die as a result of a cause related to the use of the substance-is greatest for which of the following?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) marijuana
D) cigarettes
E) alcohol

Question 5

The relationship between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 6

Statistically speaking, on an episode-by-episode basis, the setting in which alcohol-impairment injury is most likely to take place is:

A) the home.
B) a vehicle on the street or highway.
C) the school or workplace.
D) the park or beach.
E) a bar.

Question 7

The tobacco plant is indigenous to which of the following continents or regions?

A) Australia
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Asia
E) the Western Hemisphere

Question 8

The relationship between alcohol consumption and being the victim of criminal, violent behavior is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 9

In alcohol studies, the rule of equivalency is the principle that:

A) all people are influenced in the same way by a given quantity of alcohol.
B) people are influenced equally by a given quantity of an alcoholic beverage-whether it is distilled spirits, wine, or beer.
C) what counts in the effects of alcohol is determined by a given quantity of absolute alcohol consumed, other factors being equal, and not the quantity of the beverage consumed.
D) mixing different kinds of drugs produces greater intoxication levels than sticking to the same kind of drink over a period of time.
E) none of the above.

Question 10

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is:

A) 0 percent "absolute" alcohol.
B) 25 percent "absolute" alcohol.
C) 50 percent "absolute" alcohol.
D) 75 percent "absolute" alcohol.
E) 100 percent "absolute" alcohol.

Question 11

The correlation between drinking alcohol and illicit drug use is:

A) positive-drinkers are more likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers.
B) negative-drinkers are less likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers.
C) random-drinkers are equally as likely to use illicit drugs as nondrinkers.
D) unknown and unknowable with any available data.
E) none of the above.

Question 12

In a psychopharmacological sense, ________.

A) all drinkers of alcohol are drug users
B) no drinker of alcohol is a drug user
C) the only drinkers of alcohol who are drug users are those who also use illicit substances
D) no conclusion may be reached with respect to whether drinkers of alcohol are drug users
E) none of the above.

Question 13

In the past 30 years or so, the percent of all automobile fatalities that were alcohol-related:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.
E) remains unknown.

Question 14

The relationship between alcohol consumption and engaging in risky, deviant behavior is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 15

The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is:

A) positive-the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely.
B) negative-the greater a person smokes, the lower the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely.
C) random-there is no statistical relationship between the amount a person smokes and the likelihood of dying prematurely.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol?

A) beer
B) "fortified" wine (such as sherry)
C) wine
D) distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, tequila, or Scotch)
E) wine "coolers"

Question 17

"Apparent" alcohol consumption is based on:

A) alcohol sales during a given year.
B) how much alcohol the public believes is consumed during a given year.
C) how much alcohol a respondent thinks he or she has consumed during a given year.
D) the relationship between drinking and BAC (blood-alcohol concentration).
E) underage drinking during a given year.

Question 18

The relationship between a driver's BAC (blood-alcohol concentration) and getting into an accident that kills someone is:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) random.
D) unknown.
E) none of the above.

Question 19

Since the year that the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 21 was made illegal in all states (1988), alcohol consumption by persons under the age of 21:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.
E) remains unknown.

Question 20

During the past 30 years or so, the number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) as a result of alcohol-related highway fatalities:

A) has increased.
B) has decreased.
C) has remained stable.
D) has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year.
E) remains unknown.

Question 21

Consider the fact that most of the public accepts the fact that alcohol consumption forms a continuum or spectrum, from occasional drinking to alcoholism, but the use of heroin and cocaine are considered "abuse," a kind of addiction. Discuss why this bifurcation takes place.

Question 22

If the legal drugs cause roughly 30 times as many deaths as illegal drugs, why does the use of illicit drugs cause so much more furor than the use of legal drugs and attract so much more attention? Focus you answer on more than simply "the use of illicit drugs is deviant." Can we find material or medical reasons behind this condemnation?

Question 23

Why do you think such a strong relationship exists between the consumption of alcohol and engaging in risky, deviant behavior?

Question 24

What are the similarities and differences between the use of legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco and the use of illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine?

Question 25

During the nineteen-teens, social and cultural forces mobilized to condemn and criminalize the sale of alcohol. How was it possible for Prohibition to have taken place in a society in which the consumption of alcohol is now considered conventional and is an activity in which the majority engages?

Question 26

In the United States in the past 30 years or so, the number of alcohol-related fatalities, the percentage they constitute of all automobile fatalities, and the likelihood that they take place per million miles driven have all substantially declined. Discuss the reasons why this has taken place.

Question 27

One of the most striking and influential developments that has taken place in the sphere of public health in the past 40 years or so has been the sharp decline in cigarette smoking. Why has smoking declined and how is it socially patterned?

Question 28

Why do you think that such a strong relationship exists between the consumption of alcohol and being the victim of risky, deviant behavior?

Question 29

Some countries have much higher rates of alcohol-related violence than others. Why in some countries is the consumption of alcohol related to violent behavior, while the drinking that takes place in other countries is much less frequently accompanied by violence?

Question 30

Do you think that cigarette smoking is still "sublime," as some say it once was-that is, alluring, romantic, dangerous, and sexy? How has this image changed over the past generation?