Deck 13: Chi Square and Nonparametric Procedures

Question 1

Assume you have conducted a one-way $H_{0}$ in which the $H_{0}$ says the frequencies in the categories are equal.If the $\chi^{2}$ was not significant, the appropriate conclusion is

A)other models of $H_{0}$ need to be tested.
B)we expect the population of interest is distributed among the categories to the same degree as the sample.
C)there is insufficient evidence to conclude the frequencies in the sample categories are different.
D)the population of interest is distributed equally among the categories.

Answer 1

there is insufficient evidence to conclude the frequencies in the sample categories are different.

Question 2

The two-way is a test of $\chi^{2}$

A)goodness of fit of observed frequencies to population frequencies.
B)difference between mean ranks in two categories.
C)whether two variables are independent.
D)difference between mean ranks in more than two categories.

Answer 2

whether two variables are independent.

Question 3

With chi-squared tests, we always have -tailed tests with regions) of rejection.

A)two; one
B)one; two
C)one; one
D)two; two

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Wilcoxon test is akin to an)

A)related-samples t-test.
B)one-way between-subjects ANOVA.
C)one-way within-subjects ANOVA.
D)independent-samples t-test.

Question 5

The null hypothesis in the $\chi^{2}$ test for independence is

A)the data fit the expected frequencies.
B)the data do not fit the expected frequencies.
C)the variables are independent.
D)the variables are dependent.

Question 6

The $\chi^{2}$ sampling distribution contains

A)all possible values of $\chi^{2}$ occurring when $H_{0}$ is true.
B)all possible values of $\chi^{2}$ occurring when $H_{a}$ is true.
C)all possible observed frequencies for a given number of categories and a given N.
D)all possible expected frequencies for a given number of categories and a given N.

Question 7

A significant one-way $\chi^{2}$ indicates the

A)sample data are likely to represent two variables that are independent in the population.
B)sample data are unlikely to represent two variables that are independent in the population.
C)data fit the distribution of frequencies represented by $H_{0}$ .
D)data do not fit the distribution of frequencies represented by $H_{0}$ .

Question 8

A phi coefficient value of suggests that the data are perfectly independent.

A)0
B)1
C)-1
D)10

Question 9

To use the Kruskal-Wallis test, your study must have factors) with at least _________________ conditions.

A)1; 3
B)1; 2
C)2; 3
D)2; 2

Question 10

The test is akin to the independent samples t-test.

A)Mann-Whitney
B)Friedman
C)Wilcoxon
D)Kruskal-Wallis

Question 11

The larger the , $\chi^{2}$

A)the less likely our data represent $H_{a}$ .
B)the larger the differences between the expected frequencies.
C)the less likely our data represent the model.
D)the more likely our data represent the model.

Question 12

In a one-way chi-square test, the null hypothesis states the observed frequencies do not equal the expected frequencies because

A)the data do not meet the assumptions of the test.
B)the data represent a population distribution other than the expected one.
C)of design insufficiencies.
D)of sampling error.

Question 13

The Spearman correlation coefficient differs from the Pearson correlation coefficient in that only the Spearman correlation coefficient makes use of

A)ranked data.
B)significance testing.
C)ascertaining the strength of a relationship.
D)a correlation coefficient value between -1 and 1.

Question 14

Nonparametric procedures are usually not our first choice among statistical procedures because

A)the probability of making a Type I error is too high.
B)the probability of making a Type II error is too high.
C)nonparametric procedures are not inferential statistics.
D)they are less powerful than parametric procedures.

Question 15

The null hypothesis in the $\chi^{2}$ test for goodness of fit is that

A)the data fit the expected frequencies.
B)the data do not fit the expected frequencies.
C)the variables are independent.
D)the variables are dependent.

Question 16

Which of the following violates the assumptions of the one-way $\chi^{2}$ ?

A)The independent variable is a categorical or nominal variable.
B)Each subject is measured in every category.
C)The computations are based on the responses of all subjects in the study.
D)The $f_{e}$ in any category is equal to 5 or more.

Question 17

When $H_{0}$ is perfectly true, $\chi_{a b t}^{2}$ should equal

A)0.
B)1.
C)-1.
D).05.

Question 18

Nonparametric procedures are used instead of parametric procedures when

A)a more powerful test is needed.
B)our data do not meet the assumptions of parametric procedures.
C)our sample is relatively small.
D)measurement is interval or ratio.

Question 19

In the context of , expected frequency is the frequency we $\chi^{2}$

A)expect in a category if the sample data represent the distribution of frequencies in the population described by $H_{0}$ .
B)observe in a category of sample data.
C)expect in a category if the sample data represent the distribution of frequencies in the population described by $H_{a}$ .
D)expect in a category of sample data if the experiment is repeated.

Question 20

The ________ procedure corresponds to the Friedman ${X}^{2}$ ?

A)within-subjects ANOVA
B)between-subjects ANOVA
C)Pearson correlation coefficient
D)regression

Question 21

Suppose a researcher investigates how many parents versus non-parents get less than or at least 8 hours of sleep per night and finds the following results.What would the expected frequency be for parents who get 8 or more hours of sleep per night?

Question 22

A soft drink company claims 3 out of 4 people prefer the taste of their cola Brand A) over their competitor Brand B).You conduct a taste test and find 63 people indicated they preferred Brand
A.The remaining 38 people said they preferred Brand
B.For a one-way chi-square test, what is

Question 23

If you have a significant one-way chi square, note which graph should be used to present the data and why.

Question 24

A research study asks participants to indicate their level of happiness on a standard 5-point Likert-type scale.What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 25

Suppose you've found a significant one-way chi square.What is the next step for you to do?

Question 26

Suppose you ask 100 people whether they like the taste of beer.Beer companies would like to claim 55% of the population like the taste of beer.In testing whether this sample represents such a population, what would the
values be for this study?

Question 27

If your = 25.77 and your N = 36, what is ?

Question 28

A recent news report indicated out of 75 people polled, 35 men and 10 women had given the President a high approval rating, while 20 men and 10 women had given the President a low approval rating.Using a two-way
test for independence, what is ?

Question 29

If your = 53.01 and N = 25, what is C?

Question 30

When would we have to use the contingency coefficient formula over the phi coefficient formula?

Question 31

Suppose you conduct an experiment with 24 participants who are asked to respond to one of three categories.Your turns out to be 9.92, which is statistically significant.What is the correct way to report this finding?

Question 32

A researcher wanted to know which type of toy 3-year-olds like to play with.The researcher placed a tricycle, blocks, a train set, and puzzles in a room and observed how many of 20 children played with each type of toy.What is the k value for this study?

Question 33

The board of trustees of a small college demanded a more diverse student body.Most of the college's minority students came from a large metropolitan area.The admissions staff asked graduates outside this area and outside the state to help with recruiting.In addition, some money was spent on media advertising.To assess the effect of this campaign, the current year's requests for applications were classified as Large Metropolitan Area 565), Rest of State 410), and Out of State 216).An analysis of addresses over previous years showed Large Metropolitan Area, 51%; Rest of State, 40%; and Out of State, 9%.What statistic should be used to analyze these data?

Question 34

A researcher takes a poll of people in his state.He asks each person if he or she has any pets Yes or No) and to state his or her political party affiliation Republican, Democrat, or Other).What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 35

If you're conducting a one-way chi-square for a study with 200 participants and 4 categories, what would the expected frequency be for a given category?