Deck 9: International Crime

Question 1

In recent times, Australia has implemented some interesting strategies to address money laundering.Briefly discuss these strategies.

Answer 1

Responses should make reference to:
-Changes to legislation (Proceeds of Crime Act 2002) support the following: confiscation of assets acquired from crime; forfeiture of property (which is returned to the Commonwealth); the requirement for the offender to repay (to the Commonwealth) a financial amount equal to the total sum of assets acquired through criminal activity.
-Unexplained wealth laws (2010) specify that if a person's wealth is in dispute, they can be summonsed to court to explain how they acquired it.If they cannot show that it was by legitimate means, they can be ordered to pay the amount of their wealth to the Commonwealth.
-Formation of a multi-agency approach including Federal Police, Australian Taxation Office, Australian Crime Commission and Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions to channel resources to identify wealth accumulated by criminals.

Question 2

Discuss the estimates of annual illicit drug production worldwide.

Answer 2

Students should discuss:
-4770 tonnes of opium and 940 tonnes of cocaine a year.
-Cannabis production figures are uncertain but remains the most trafficked drug, with almost 7260 tonnes of resin and herb seized in the most recent estimates.
-526 tonnes of opium and 81 tonnes of heroin, 655 tonnes of cocaine and 108 tonnes of methamphetamine.

Question 3

What are some reasons that Australia is vulnerable to international crime?

Answer 3

Responses might include a brief account of:
-There are 60 000 kilometres of sea coast.
-In 2016-17, 43.7 million people crossed Australian borders and 8.4 million temporary visas were issued.
-In 2014-15, Australia imported 135 million tonnes of material through sea ports and exported 1196 million tonnes; 84 674 shipping containers were inspected and 58.5 million international mail items were inspected.

Question 4

What is 'counterproductive crime prevention'? Discuss unintended consequences of crime prevention.

Question 5

Identify some of the responses to terrorism that have occurred in Australia since the 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre, New York City.

Question 6

Discuss Australia's contributions to the 'export' of crime in the area of child sex tourism and give an example.

Question 7

'Money laundering' is described as:

A)Turning crime proceeds to legitimate funds.
B)Making dirty money clean.
C)Allowing criminals access to illegally obtained profits.
D)All of the above.

Question 8

Discuss the differences between 'people smuggling' and 'people trafficking'.

Question 9

Genocide is described as:

A)Elimination of entire national, racial, ethnic or religious groups.
B)Murder of entire national, racial, ethnic and religious groups.
C)Attempted elimination of entire national, racial, ethnic or religious groups.
D)Attempted murder of entire national, racial, ethnic or religious groups.
E)All of the above.

Question 10

What does 'demand reduction' generally refer to? What are some of the strategies used to achieve demand reduction?

Question 11

Between 1975 and 1979, the communist Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia killed approximately 1.7 million people through executions, forced labour and starvation.