Deck 46: Role of Ultrasound in Evaluating Female Infertility

Question 1

A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2 to 3 mm and __________ mm.

A) 7 to 10
B) 10 to 20
C) 12 to 14
D) 20 to 25

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following is used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation?

A) Clomid
B) Estradiol
C) Progesterone
D) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The T-shaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by which one of the following?

A) In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
B) Partial fusion of the müllerian ducts
C) Incomplete fusion of the müllerian ducts
D) Exposure to radiation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeding it?

A) Endometrial polyp
B) Submucosal fibroid
C) Endometrial carcinoma
D) Synechiae

Question 5

The fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine which one of the following characteristics?

A) Size
B) Patency
C) Length
D) Duplication

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about infertility is false?

A) Infertility is the inability to conceive within 12 months with regular coitus.
B) Infertility affects one in three couples in the United States.
C) Infertility in 40% of patients is attributable to men.
D) Infertility in 20% of patients is attributable to either the man or the woman or is unexplained.

Question 7

Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion?

A) Polycystic ovarian
B) Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
C) Ovarian hyperstimulation
D) Stein-Leventhal

Question 8

Lack of progesterone production is known as which one of the following?

A) Secondary infertility
B) Luteal phase deficiency
C) Polycystic ovarian syndrome
D) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Question 9

Which one of the following hormones, along with follicle size determine the approximate time of ovulation?

A) Follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Progesterone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Estradiol

Question 10

Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may have the clinical triad of all the following characteristics except:

A) oligomenorrhea.
B) hirsutism.
C) bulimia.
D) obesity.

Question 11

When evaluating the patient who is infertile, in addition to assessing structural anatomy, the sonographer should evaluate the:

A) endometrium.
B) presence of corpus luteal cysts.
C) presence of follicular cysts.
D) vagina.

Question 12

The uterine anomaly most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___________ uterus.

A) septate
B) bicornuate
C) didelphys
D) T-shaped

Question 13

A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which one of the following?

A) Adenomyosis
B) Decidua basalis
C) Uterine synechiae
D) Normal proliferative phase

Question 14

Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except:

A) hyperstimulation.
B) multiple gestations.
C) cervical stenosis.
D) ectopic pregnancy.

Question 15

Ovarian induction therapy requires documentation of all follicles greater than _____ mm in both longitudinal and transverse planes.

A) 5
B) 20
C) 15
D) 17

Question 16

After ovulation, progesterone is secreted by which one of the following?

A) Graafian follicle
B) Follicular cyst
C) Corpus luteum
D) Hyperstimulation

Question 17

Producing more luteinizing hormone (LH) than follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions?

A) Meige syndrome
B) Luteal phase deficiency
C) Polycystic ovarian syndrome
D) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Question 18

In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 19

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of _____ to _____ millimeters per day (mm/day).

A) 0.5; 1
B) 1; 1.5
C) 1; 2
D) 1; 3

Question 20

The triple-line sign is associated with which one of the following structures?

A) Cervix
B) Vagina
C) Endometrium
D) Uterus

Question 21

On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than ____ mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation and may represent a persistent follicle.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 15

Question 22

Multiple gestations occur in approximately _____% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 50
D) 75

Question 23

During in vitro fertilization, the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of the apex of which one of the following structures?

A) Cervix
B) Uterine body
C) Uterine fundus
D) Cornua

Question 24

Patients who undergo assisted reproductive procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ________________ pregnancy.

A) molar
B) heterotopic
C) anembryonic
D) monoamniotic and monochorionic