Deck 27: Drugs for Bacterial Infections

Question 1

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with a highly virulent organism.The client's family asks what this means.What is the nurse's best response?
1)The organism produces disease when present in small numbers.
2)The organism produces the disease with a virus.
3)The organism produces disease when present in large numbers.
4)The organism produces disease when the immune system is suppressed.

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which term is used to describe the stain of bacteria?
1)Aerobic
2)Cocci
3)Gram-positive
4)Bacillus

Answer 2

3

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a bacteriostatic medication.Which explanation by the nurse about these medications is most appropriate?
1)Bacteriostatic medications must be given last.
2)Bacteriostatic medications must be given first.
3)Medications kill bacteria.
4)Medications slow the growth of bacteria.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

The client has been prescribed cefotaxime (Claforan).Which infections does the nurse anticipate this client to have? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Superinfection
2)Central nervous system infection
3)Joint infection
4)Respiratory tract infection
5)Viral infection

Question 5

Which of the statements is not correct regarding cephalosporins?
1)Clients who are allergic to penicillin might be allergic to cephalosporins.
2)GI-related adverse effects such as diarrhea,vomiting,and nausea can occur.
3)Many must be given IM or IV.
4)All cephalosporins are absorbed well from the GI tract.

Question 6

A client has been prescribed penicillin (penicillin G).Which serious adverse effect will the nurse monitor for upon assessment?
1)Bradycardia
2)Hemorrhage
3)Anaphylaxis
4)Tachycardia

Question 7

The nurse is instructing a client who has been prescribed tetracycline (Sumycin).What should the nurse advise this client to avoid while taking this medication?
1)Sunlight
2)Foods that contain wheat
3)Exercise
4)Green leafy vegetables

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a client with a bacterial infection.The nurse is explaining this type of infection to the family.The nurse states that bacteria are described and classified by which methods? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Ability to use O2
2)Staining
3)Shape
4)Color
5)Weight

Question 9

A client enters the emergency department with suspected exposure to anthrax.The physician confirms this suspicion and orders the client an antibiotic.Which medication would the nurse expect the physician to order?
1)Penicillin
2)Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
3)Oxytetracycline (Terramycin)
4)Doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Question 10

The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who will be taking penicillin G.The client tells the nurse she is also taking birth control pills.What is the nurse's best response?
1)"You may continue taking the birth control pills as the only means of contraception."
2)"If you feel you do not need to take the antibiotic,you don't need to."
3)"You do not need to take your birth control pills while taking this medication."
4)"You will need to use another form of contraception while taking the antibiotic and for at least 1 month after you finish treatment."

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with a superinfection.What signs and symptoms does the nurse expect upon assessment of the client? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Diarrhea
2)Epistaxis
3)Headache
4)Bladder pain
5)Vaginal discharge

Question 12

The nurse is admitting a client to the acute care floor.While obtaining the history,the client tells the nurse they are allergic to penicillin.Which medication,if ordered by the prescriber,would be safe for this client?
1)Cefaclor (Ceclor)
2)Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
3)Cefdinir (Omnicef)
4)Cephalexin (Keflex)

Question 13

A sputum culture has been collected and sent for culture and sensitivity.The physician orders a broad-spectrum antibiotic.What is the reason this medication is ordered?
1)It will take 2 weeks for the results of the culture and sensitivity to be available.
2)Treatment for severe infections is started on broad-spectrum antibiotics while the culture is pending and then changed to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
3)Most people are allergic to narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
4)The broad-spectrum antibiotic will cure the infection before the culture results are ready.

Question 14

The client asks the nurse how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.What should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)The longer an antibiotic is used in the population and the more often it is prescribed,the higher will be the percentage of resistant strains.
2)Prematurely stopping antibiotic therapy allows some pathogens to survive and become resistant to antibiotics.
3)Bacteria reproduce quickly and can have a variation in the genetic code that allows them to become resistant.
4)Frequent handwashing by healthcare providers encourages the spread of bacteria to many clients receiving antibiotics in the hospital.
5)Organisms do not grow resistant to medications.

Question 15

The nurse is admitting a client to the floor with a protozoan infection.Which medication would the nurse expect the physician to order?
1)Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid)
2)Penicillin
3)Metronidazole (Flagyl)
4)Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 16

The nurse is admitting a client with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection.The physician has ordered an IV antibiotic.What is the priority prior to administering this medication?
1)Obtain a platelet count.
2)Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.
3)Obtain a PTT.
4)Obtain a full set of vital signs.

Question 17

The nurse is discharging a client to home with a prescription for clarithromycin (Biaxin).Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the discharge teaching?
1)"I need to take the medication until it is gone."
2)"I can quit taking this medication when I feel better."
3)"I need to check my blood pressure while taking this medication."
4)"I cannot drive while taking this medication."

Question 18

The nurse is admitting a client to the acute care floor with methicillin-resistant S.aureus.The nurse would expect the physician to order which medication for this client?
1)Penicillin
2)Streptomycin
3)Kanamycin (Kantrex)
4)Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin IV.Which adverse effect would the nurse report to the prescriber immediately?
1)Nausea
2)Diarrhea
3)Ototoxicity
4)Increased urinary output

Question 20

The nurse is discussing treatment for a superinfection with a client and family members.The family asks the nurse what a superinfection is.What is the best response by the nurse?
1)An infection caused by a weakened immune system
2)A secondary infection that occurs when microorganisms normally present in the body are killed by the drug
3)An infection that is difficult to treat
4)A drug-resistant infection

Question 21

A client has been prescribed isoniazid (INH).Which foods should the client avoid while taking this medication? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Chocolate
2)Bananas
3)White wine
4)Aged cheese
5)Red meat

Question 22

A client has been prescribed an antibiotic and overhears the prescriber talking about acquired resistance.The client asks the nurse what this means.Which is the nurse's best statement regarding acquired resistance?
1)It is an infection that is resistant to conventional antibiotics.
2)It is a superinfection that has significant antifungal resistance.
3)There is no such phenomenon of acquired resistance.
4)It is the most frequently used term for antibiotic coverage.

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin IV.Which laboratory tests should the nurse assess prior to administering the medication?
1)PTT
2)Liver function tests
3)Blood urea nitrogen
4)Complete blood count

Question 24

The nurse is caring for a client who was recently admitted from a long-term care facility.The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by IV.The nurse understands that the client has which complication?
1)Nausea
2)Endocarditis
3)Urinary tract infection
4)Upper respiratory infection

Question 25

A client asks the nurse about the word "pathogen." Which statement by the nurse provides education on pathogen?
1)A pathogen is an organism capable of causing disease in humans.
2)Virus and bacteria are pathogens that infect humans.
3)Antibiotics are effective in controlling pathogens in humans.
4)A virulent pathogen can cause an infection with very large numbers.

Question 26

How do pathogens enter the body to cause disease? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)Broken skin
2)Inhalation
3)Ingestion
4)Contact with mucous membrane
5)Touch with a gloved hand

Question 27

The nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis.What does the nurse anticipate regarding this client's treatment?
1)Alternate day dosing of three antibiotics
2)Always two antibiotics
3)Only one antibiotic for 12 months
4)Different combinations of two or more antibiotics

Question 28

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged with a prescription for a tetracycline.Which statement,if made by the client,would demonstrate an understanding of the discharge instructions?
1)"It is fine for me to become pregnant while taking this medication."
2)"I am so glad to be leaving today because I have an appointment to get my hair cut."
3)"I will need to postpone my vacation at the beach until I finish this medication."
4)"I will stop taking this medication as soon as I feel better."

Question 29

A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis.How long does the nurse anticipate this client will require treatment?
1)2-4 weeks
2)6-12 months
3)3-6 months
4)10-14 days

Question 30

The nurse is preparing to administer penicillin to a client.Upon reviewing the microbiology data of the cultures,the nurse identifies that the bacteria is resistant to penicillin.Which medication does the nurse anticipate the prescriber to prescribe?
1)Tetracycline
2)Macrolide
3)Cephalosporin
4)Vancomycin

Question 31

The nurse is caring for a client who was recently admitted from a long-term care facility.The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by IV.Which laboratory tests should the nurse assess prior to administration of the medication?
1)Serum creatinine
2)Electrolytes
3)Allergies
4)C-reactive protein

Question 32

The nurse is providing instructions to a client being discharged on ciprofloxacin (Cipro).What should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1)"Finish the full course of the prescription."
2)"Do not take with antacids."
3)"You might have some dizziness."
4)"Do not take with mineral supplements."
5)"Take the medication only with grapefruit juice."