Deck 8: Social Influence, Socialization, and Organizational Culture

Question 1

Jemma conformed to the norms of her organization because she truly believed in and supported them.This is an example of conformity because of ________.

Answer 1

internalization

Question 2

If I conform to my boss's wishes because of identification, I am conforming because

A)I'm afraid of her.
B)I see myself as similar to her.
C)I might be able to get her to recommend me for promotion.
D)I absolutely believe, trust, and accept her directives.
E)I believe the issues at hand are difficult and ambiguous.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

"My country, right or wrong" suggests that the speaker will conform to national norms due to ________.

Answer 3

internalization

Question 4

Why do people conform to social norms?

Question 5

Compliance with organizational norms and goals is clear evidence that these norms and goals have been internalized.

Question 6

The patriotic soldier truly agreed with the statement "My country, right or wrong." His agreement is indicative of

A)internalization.
B)identification.
C)compliance.
D)effect dependence.
E)dissension.

Question 7

When conformity occurs because it is seen as right, it is known as

A)compliance.
B)effect dependence.
C)identification.
D)information dependence.
E)internalization.

Question 8

Bob is very afraid that his boss will fire him.This is an example of effect dependence.

Question 9

After beginning her new job, Mika wasn't sure how she should think, feel, and act around her co-workers.She felt very dependent on her co-workers.What is this an example of?

A)Socialization
B)Information dependence
C)Effect dependence
D)Unrealistic expectations
E)Psychological contract

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of compliance?

A)It occurs because a member subscribes to the beliefs and values underlying the norm.
B)It occurs because a member wishes to avoid punishment.
C)It occurs because a member wishes to acquire rewards.
D)It primarily involves effect dependence.
E)It is the simplest, most direct motive for conformity to group norms.

Question 11

What is the most likely motive for mere compliance to a request?

A)You identify with the person making the request.
B)You truly believe in the idea underlying the request.
C)You are afraid of the person making the request.
D)You like the person making the request.
E)The request is easy and straightforward.

Question 12

________ means that people are motivated to conform to avoid punishment or obtain rewards.

Question 13

Effect dependence is explained by social information processing theory.

Question 14

Information dependence can be explained by

A)social association theory.
B)social information processing theory.
C)socialization processing theory.
D)information dependence theory.
E)social dependence processing theory.

Question 15

Information dependence can be explained by ________ information processing theory.

Question 16

Internalization is a stronger and deeper motive for conformity to organizational norms than is identification.

Question 17

After beginning her new job, Mika quickly realizes that she'd better listen to what her co-workers want her to do because they could be friendly and helpful or they could ignore her and not ask her to join them for lunch.What is this an example of?

A)Socialization
B)Information dependence
C)Effect dependence
D)Unrealistic expectations
E)Psychological contract

Question 18

Which motive for conformity most clearly involves effect dependence?

A)Socialization
B)Identification
C)Internalization
D)Compliance
E)Dissension

Question 19

If I conform to your wishes because I admire you and see myself as similar to you, I am conforming due to ________.

Question 20

Mario acts in accordance with group norms because he believes that the norms are truly right.He ________ the norms.

A)is complying with
B)has internalized
C)is identifying with
D)is imitating
E)is dissenting from

Question 21

Even before he graduated from business school, Stan replaced his knapsack with an expensive leather briefcase.This is an example of

A)a realistic job preview.
B)anticipatory socialization.
C)a strong culture.
D)collective socialization.
E)debasement.

Question 22

What theory explains the motivation of newcomers during the socialization process?

A)Social information processing theory
B)Uncertainty deduction theory
C)Social information reduction theory
D)Uncertainty reduction theory
E)Socialization resource theory

Question 23

At which stage of socialization is the new organizational member most likely to be information dependent and effect dependent on experienced organizational members?

A)Role management
B)Internalization
C)Anticipatory socialization
D)Encounter
E)Identification

Question 24

From the first stage to the last stage, which of the following sequences accurately portrays the stages of organizational socialization?

A)Encounter; anticipatory socialization; role management
B)Anticipatory socialization; role management; encounter
C)Role management; anticipatory socialization; encounter
D)Encounter; role management; anticipatory socialization
E)Anticipatory socialization; encounter; role management

Question 25

Anticipatory socialization occurs before a person actually joins an organization.

Question 26

Person-organization fit refers to

A)the match between an employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities, and the requirements of a job.
B)the match between an employee's personality and the personality of other members of the organization.
C)the match between an employee's goals and the goals of the organization.
D)the match between an employee's personal values and the values of the organization.
E)the match between an employee's expectations and the expectations of the organization.

Question 27

All of the following are proximal socialization outcomes EXCEPT for

A)learning.
B)organizational identification.
C)role conflict.
D)task mastery.
E)social integration.

Question 28

Which of the following depicts the socialization process?

A)Socialization methods -> Encounter stage -> Outcomes
B)Socialization methods -> Anticipatory socialization -> Encounter stage
C)Socialization methods -> Distal outcomes -> Proximal outcomes
D)Socialization methods -> Proximal outcomes -> Distal outcomes
E)Distal outcomes -> Proximal outcomes -> Socialization methods

Question 29

In his last year of college, even before he took a job with a conservative bank, Randall began wearing three-piece suits regularly.To which stage of socialization does this example refer?

A)Role management
B)Debasement
C)Encounter
D)Anticipatory socialization
E)Identification

Question 30

At what stage of the socialization process is the organization looking for an acceptable degree of conformity to organizational norms?

A)Anticipatory stage
B)Encounter stage
C)Role management stage
D)Anticipatory stage and encounter stage
E)It depends on the organization.

Question 31

All of the following are distal socialization outcomes EXCEPT for

A)person-job fit.
B)organizational identification.
C)organizational commitment.
D)stress.
E)organizational citizenship behaviour.

Question 32

Person-job fit refers to the

A)match between an employee's personality and the requirements of a job.
B)match between an employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities, and the requirements of a job.
C)match between an employee's personal values and the requirements of a job.
D)match between an employee's personality and the personality of the organization.
E)match between an employee's previous work experience and new job.

Question 33

According to uncertainty reduction theory,

A)newcomers are motivated to get to know their co-workers.
B)newcomers are motivated to reduce their uncertainty.
C)newcomers are motivated to improve their fit.
D)newcomers are motivation to become socialized.
E)newcomers are motivated to lower their expectations.

Question 34

What kinds of fit are important for socialization?

A)PJ fit, PO fit, PE fit
B)PJ fit, PG fit, PE fit
C)PO fit, PG fit, PE fit
D)PJ fit, PO fit, PG fit
E)PO fit and PG fit

Question 35

The following socialization sequence is portrayed in the text: Anticipatory socialization -> Role management -> encounter.

Question 36

Soon after starting a new job, Carman beings to define herself in terms of the organization and what it is perceived to represent.What is this called?

A)Person-job fit
B)Social integration
C)Person-organization fit
D)Organizational identification
E)Internalization

Question 37

What do newcomers need to learn about during the socialization process?

A)Task, performance expectations, psychological contract, organization
B)Performance expectations, psychological contract, culture, task
C)Health and safety issues, terms and conditions of employment, psychological contract, organizational procedures
D)Task, role, group, organization
E)Career and psychosocial functions

Question 38

After beginning her job, Mika wanted the work environment to be more predictable and understandable.What theory explains her motivation?

A)Social information processing theory
B)Uncertainty deduction theory
C)Social information reduction theory
D)Uncertainty reduction theory
E)Socialization resource theory

Question 39

Harjit Dhaliwal is a new sales representative for Kapster Enterprises.He enjoys making sales calls and meeting with clients, but dislikes the weekly paperwork that he has to prepare for head office.He initially feels that weekly activity reports are a bureaucratic waste of time, but he dutifully completes them to avoid any trouble with head office.After several months, Harjit attends his first national sales meeting at which the VP of Marketing stresses the importance of accurate information from the field.Harjit begins to appreciate the importance of the reports and now understands why head office needs them on a timely basis each week.After the meeting, Harjit is asked by his boss to train a new sales rep who has just been hired in a nearby territory.In showing the new worker the ropes, Harjit is heard to say, "These weekly reports are very important.You won't understand now, but you will later." Explain Harjit's metamorphosis in terms of compliance, identification, and internalization.

Question 40

Socialization is the process by which people learn the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours necessary to function in a group or organization.

Question 41

________ socialization is socialization that occurs before a person even joins an organization.

Question 42

The extent to which an individual defines him or herself in terms of the organization and what it is perceived to represent is known as ________.

Question 43

A psychological contract is

A)the process by which people learn the norms required to function in an organization.
B)conformity to a social norm prompted by the desire to acquire rewards.
C)an explicit agreement between a worker and their employer which states the pay and benefits offered in exchange for work.
D)the shared beliefs, values, and assumptions that exist in an organization.
E)the set of beliefs held by employees concerning the reciprocal obligations between them and their employer.

Question 44

Uncertainty reduction theory explains how organizations reduce uncertainty during the socialization process.

Question 45

While still in business school, Terrence bought a number of expensive business suits.This is an example of ________ socialization.

Question 46

Uncertainty reduction theory explains newcomers' motivation during the socialization process.

Question 47

________ fit refers to the match or compatibility between an employee's values and beliefs and the values and beliefs of his or her work group.

Question 48

Learning during socialization has often been described in terms of content areas or domains of learning such as the task, ________, group, and organization.

Question 49

Psychological contract breach can occur for the all of the following reasons EXCEPT for

A)when recruiters promise more than the organization can provide.
B)when newcomers lack sufficient information to form accurate perceptions.
C)when downsizing occurs.
D)when too many newcomers are hired at the same time.
E)when restructuring occurs.

Question 50

The kinds of fit that are important for socialization are PJ fit, PO fit, and PE fit.

Question 51

The three kinds of fit that are important for socialization are PJ fit, PO fit, and ________ fit.

Question 52

Salma has just started a new job and is explaining the reciprocal obligations and promises between her and her organization.What is she talking about?

A)Realistic job preview
B)Culture
C)Norms
D)Psychological contract
E)Expectations

Question 53

The kinds of fit that are important for socialization are PJ fit, PO fit, and PG fit.

Question 54

Describe the socialization process model as presented in the text.

Question 55

Newcomers are motivated to reduce their uncertainty.

Question 56

In the stages of socialization presented in the text, ________ falls between anticipatory socialization and role management.

Question 57

Describe the three stages of socialization.Give an example of a type of conformity behaviour which would likely occur at each stage.

Question 58

There are generally three kinds of fit that are important for socialization.

Question 59

There are generally two kinds of fit that are important for socialization.

Question 60

Research indicates that the expectations people have about organizations before they actually join them

A)are extremely vague.
B)are amazingly accurate.
C)are unrealistically low.
D)are unbelievably poor.
E)are unrealistically high.

Question 61

The psychological contract can influence newcomers' socialization.

Question 62

Rachel has a goal of becoming a criminal lawyer with the prestigious law firm of Shayster & Sosume.Her fascination with the law profession began three years ago when she became hooked on a weekly television series about lawyers.Since then, she has followed every high profile law story covered in the media and has become familiar with many of the procedural issues in Canadian law.She has just completed her undergraduate degree and hopes to start law school next year.With a bit of luck and a lot of hard work, Rachel expects to be defending her first client in front of a judge and jury within four years.What advice might you give to Rachel about her expectations?

Question 63

What organizations actually give employees is less important than the psychological contract.

Question 64

When are many of the terms of the psychological contract established?

A)In college/university
B)During anticipatory socialization
C)During the encounter stage
D)During the role management stage
E)When the newcomer is promoted

Question 65

Many of the terms of the psychological contract are established during anticipatory socialization.

Question 66

Many of the terms of the psychological contract are established during ________ socialization.

Question 67

Igor has just started a job and is telling you about the reciprocal obligations and promises between him and his organization or what others refer to as a(n)________.

Question 68

When people join organizations, they usually have unrealistically low expectations about what the organization will be like.

Question 69

Psychological contract breach is a common occurrence.

Question 70

People entering organizations hold many ________ that are inaccurate and often unrealistically high.

Question 71

If a recruiter promises you more than an organization can provide, what might happen after you join the organization?

A)Compliance
B)Psychological contract breach
C)Institutionalized socialization
D)Individualized socialization
E)Downsizing

Question 72

What organizations actually give employees is more important than the psychological contract.

Question 73

Many of the terms of the psychological contract are established during the encounter stage of socialization.

Question 74

Inflated positive expectations are common among people before they begin a new job.

Question 75

Organizational changes such as downsizing and restructuring can lead to

A)a surprise.
B)a psychological contract breach.
C)a reality shock.
D)uncertainty reduction.
E)encounter disbelief.

Question 76

Incongruence and psychological contract breach are less likely in organizations where ________ is intense.

Question 77

Perceptions of psychological contract ________ occur when an employee perceives that his or her organization has failed to fulfill one or more promised obligations of the psychological contract.

Question 78

When newcomers enter an organization, they experience a(n)________ and their expectations are not met.

Question 79

When newcomers enter organizations and they realize that their expectations are not being met what are they experiencing?

A)A surprise
B)A psychological contract breach
C)A reality shock
D)Uncertainty reduction
E)Encounter disbelief

Question 80

Psychological contract ________ is related to affective reactions, work attitudes, and work behaviours.