Deck 12: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

A _____ is defined as a set of norms, or culturally defined expectations, that define how people of one gender ought to behave.

A)gender role
B)gender identity
C)gender variance
D)gender bender

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Based on the information given in the text, traditional Latino culture can be described as:

A)a collectivist culture.
B)an individualistic culture.
C)similar to contemporary white culture.
D)having little influence on Hispanic Americans.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Heterosexuality is:

A)an unimportant part of gender roles.
B)more important in the female role.
C)a deviant form of sexual expression.
D)equally important in male and female roles.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Of the following ethnic groups, most rigid gender roles are associated with:

A)African Americans.
B)Native Americans.
C)white Americans.
D)traditional Latinos.

Question 5

Which of the following stereotypes about the sexuality of African American women is an outgrowth of the contemporary hip-hop culture?

A)The Mammy
B)The Gold Digger
C)The Matriarch
D)The Jezebel

Question 6

Which of the following statements about African American culture is true?

A)Research shows that racial oppression among African Americans has had little impact on gender roles in African American society.
B)African American culture tends to be more individualistic than collectivist.
C)Status and honor are accorded to motherhood in African American society.
D)The younger generation of African Americans is widely characterized as the "me generation."

Question 7

The process of incorporating the beliefs and customs of a new culture is defined as:

A)acculturation.
B)orientation.
C)preparation.
D)familiarization.

Question 8

Shauna tells Claire, "All men are pigs.They just love you and leave you." This is an example of a gender _____.

A)label
B)stereotype
C)role
D)variance

Question 9

_____ refers to an approach that simultaneously considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage.

A)Transitivity
B)Gender stereotyping
C)Intersectionality
D)Gender acquisition

Question 10

What is one of the consequences of women-such as lesbians-violating their gender roles?

A)They are perceived as masculine.
B)They are considered overtly feminine.
C)They are believed to be suffering from gender dysphoria.
D)They are perceived to be the norm.

Question 11

The first thing we want to know about a baby after it is born is its:

A)race.
B)religion.
C)social class.
D)gender.

Question 12

A _____ is defined as a generalization about a group of people that distinguishes them from others.

A)label
B)script
C)code
D)stereotype

Question 13

Stereotyped images of African American women's sexuality abound.One of them is that of the _____ who is strongly tied to African American religious traditions, is virtuous, and avoids sex.

A)Diva
B)Gold Digger
C)Jezebel
D)Sister Savior

Question 14

Robert tells Harriet, "You can't solve that problem.Women are no good at math." This is an example of a gender _____.

A)label
B)identity
C)stereotype
D)role

Question 15

The central focus of Hispanic life is:

A)personal freedom.
B)family.
C)career.
D)sexuality.

Question 16

In her Women's Studies class, Professor Smith talks about the historical and current issues faced by women.Her lectures encompass the effects of gender roles, in the context of race, social class, and sexual orientation.This approach to the study of gender is known as _____.

A)intertextuality
B)intersectionality
C)transitivity
D)patriarchy

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about African American men in African American society?

A)African American men are the largest ethnic group on college campuses across the United States.
B)The unemployment rate for African American men is double that for white men.
C)African American men are more willing to commit to marriage and other long term romantic relationships.
D)African American men are 40 percent of the U.S.population.

Question 18

Stereotyped images of African American women's sexuality abound.One of them is that of _____ who is fat and asexual.

A)the Gold Digger
B)the Mammy
C)the Jezebel
D)the Sister Savior

Question 19

Stereotypes among college students about men and women _____ since 1972.

A)have died out
B)have changed significantly
C)have not changed much
D)have changed more for men than women

Question 20

On an average, _____ women have a higher level of education when compared to white American women.

A)American Indian
B)Asian American
C)Latin American
D)African American

Question 21

The term "warrior woman" refers to:

A)a cowardly Native American male warrior.
B)a weak, passive, and nurturing Native American male.
C)the marital partner of a Native American warrior.
D)a Native American woman with masculine traits.

Question 22

With regard to masturbation, studies have shown that:

A)females reported masturbating as often as males from their teens.
B)males masturbated more often than females.
C)female masturbation began at earlier ages than males.
D)gender differences in masturbation have not been reported in recent studies.

Question 23

It appears that some cultures have actually constructed or recognized more than two types of gender roles.A culture that has at least three gender roles in many cases is the:

A)Asian American.
B)African American.
C)Hispanic American.
D)Native American.

Question 24

With regard to American Indians, research suggests that the process of acculturation has resulted in:

A)no change in the gender role structure within Indian tribes.
B)increased male dominance within many tribes.
C)increased female dominance in most tribes.
D)the creation of more than two gender roles in many tribes.

Question 25

Among Native Americans, a "manly hearted woman" refers to:

A)a Native American female transvestite.
B)a Native American female transsexual.
C)an independent and aggressive woman.
D)a caring, sensitive, and nurturing man.

Question 26

Comparing the cultural values of Asian Americans with those of white middle-class Americans, we would say that:

A)Asian Americans attach a lot of importance to education, whereas white middle-class Americans do not.
B)white middle-class Americans are achievement-oriented, whereas Asian Americans are not.
C)the needs of the family take precedence over the needs of the individual in Asian American culture.
D)both these cultures strongly uphold the values of self-sufficiency, autonomy, and independence.

Question 27

Asian Americans differ most from white middle-class Americans in that the Asian Americans place relatively greater emphasis on:

A)individualism.
B)self-sufficiency.
C)group interdependence.
D)achievement.

Question 28

Socialization of gender roles is a process that is:

A)limited to one's childhood.
B)aimed at conveying norms to individuals.
C)regulated by an individual's peers during infancy.
D)mediated exclusively by an individual's parents.

Question 29

In studies of sexuality, the largest difference in sexual behavior between men and women exists in the incidence of _____, especially when the factor of age is considered.

A)sexual intercourse
B)oral-genital contact
C)anal intercourse
D)masturbation

Question 30

Which of the following statements about gender differences is true?

A)Men are better at reading nonverbal cues than women.
B)On average, males are more prone to self-disclosure than females.
C)Males and females differ significantly in their intellectual abilities.
D)Males and females differ in the trait of aggressiveness.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the gender differences in the use of pornography is true?

A)Men are considerably more likely to report using porn than women.
B)Women are equally likely to report using porn as men are.
C)Gender differences in usage of pornography have not been systematically studied in the laboratory.
D)There are no significant gender differences in the use of pornography.

Question 32

Jill is having a conversation with Todd.From his facial expression, Jill can tell that Todd is feeling irritated.This is an example of _____.

A)decoding nonverbal cues
B)mind reading
C)gender stereotyping
D)interpersonal insensitivity

Question 33

An anthropologist studying an Indian tribe observes that a male member of the tribe is married to a two-spirit male.From the point of view of the Natives:

A)this marriage is considered homosexual as both partners are of the same gender.
B)this marriage is not considered homosexual as the partners belong to different genders.
C)this marriage comprises a male and a transsexual.
D)this marriage is an asexual union of a man and a woman.

Question 34

Research indicates that there are almost no differences by gender in the:

A)incidence of masturbation.
B)attitudes about casual sex.
C)level of arousal to erotic materials.
D)consistency with which men and women orgasm.

Question 35

An analysis of the major television networks found that in more than 70 percent of all commercials:

A)women are invariably shown to be employed in high-status occupations.
B)men are more likely to be shown as sex objects.
C)the "voice of authority" is male.
D)gender stereotyping is discouraged.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about psychological gender differences is true?

A)With the exception of verbal aggression, men tend to score higher than women on other indicators of aggression like physical aggression and fantasy aggression.
B)Norms about self-disclosure are changing and men are encouraged to be more emotionally expressive.
C)Compared to women, men tend to be better at decoding and understanding the nonverbal behavior of others.
D)Men's unwillingness to disclose personal information does not influence their level of sexual satisfaction given that they have an intense, genitally focused sexuality.

Question 37

A(n) _____ is a device which is used to measure physiological arousal in males.

A)photoplethysmograph
B)arousal monitor
C)penile strain gauge
D)photometer

Question 38

_____ in a relationship is likely to be a prerequisite for participating in sexual intercourse for women more than for men.

A)Low self-disclosure
B)Freedom from commitment
C)Emotional involvement
D)Limited communication

Question 39

Which of the following is true of gender socialization?

A)Parents strongly encourage their children to take part in gender-typed activities.
B)There are vast differences in the way that parents treat boys and girls.
C)Socialization is initially largely carried out by the peer group, with little influence from parents.
D)Gender socialization begins when an individual reaches adulthood.

Question 40

Anglo anthropologists used the term _____ to refer to the third gender found in American Indian tribes.

A)"machismo"
B)"geronimo"
C)"berdache"
D)"marianismo"

Question 41

In research by Kinsey, it was observed that girls typically have their earliest sexual experiences in _____.

A)masturbation
B)intercourse
C)heterosexual petting
D)oral sex

Question 42

Evidence that testosterone is related to sexual behavior basically comes from:

A)studies involving direct observation of the sexual response of humans.
B)studies of men who engage in casual sex.
C)studies on anatomical differences between the male and female genitalia.
D)studies in which male animals are castrated.

Question 43

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that in the _____, differences emerged between men and women that were consistent with gender roles.

A)bogus pipeline condition and anonymous condition
B)anonymous condition and exposure threat condition
C)exposure threat condition and bogus pipeline condition
D)control group condition and anonymous condition

Question 44

Gender differences exist in sexuality.It appears that these differences:

A)are not due to biological differences caused by the relative visibility of anatomy.
B)are related to cultural factors such as the double standard and gender roles themselves.
C)are not really affected by the possibility of pregnancy on account of the different forms of contraception that are available.
D)are related to the levels of estrogen in the bloodstream of women.

Question 45

Zilbergeld's discussion of the Fantasy Model of sex in "The New Male Sexuality" argues that:

A)this model creates unrealistic performance pressures upon men.
B)fantasy fails to exert a significant impact on sexual enjoyment.
C)people are now taking a liberal approach to talking about sex.
D)sex is more enjoyable when it is purely physical.

Question 46

A photoplethysmograph refers to a(n):

A)device used to measure physiological arousal in men and women.
B)cylinder placed in the vagina to measure physiological sexual arousal.
C)instrument used to measure an erection.
D)camera used in sex research because of its unique ability to capture images in the dark.

Question 47

In his book "The New Male Sexuality," Zilbergeld suggests that:

A)men should always be ready to have sex.
B)men should express only those feelings that are consistent with the male role, especially in bed.
C)real sex essentially involves a penile-vaginal intercourse.
D)there are many enjoyable forms of sexual behavior that do not require an erection.

Question 48

According to "The New Male Sexuality" by Zilbergeld, myth 3 represents the idea that for men, touching is most often:

A)an end in itself.
B)a means to an end-sex.
C)a way of providing emotional satisfaction to themselves.
D)a way of providing emotional satisfaction to their partners.

Question 49

The hormonal explanation of gender differences in sexuality rests on the findings that _____ is related to sexual behavior.

A)FSH
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)adrenaline

Question 50

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that the largest gap between women and men, in terms of number of sexual partners, appeared in the:

A)bogus pipeline condition.
B)anonymous condition.
C)exposure threat condition.
D)control group condition.

Question 51

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true differences found that in the _____, women reported fewer sexual partners than men did.

A)bogus pipeline condition
B)anonymous condition
C)matching condition
D)control group condition

Question 52

Zilbergeld believes that due to early socialization men:

A)are apprehensive of sexual intimacy in the absence of emotional intimacy.
B)find it easy to communicate openly about emotions in romantic relationships.
C)are crippled in forming emotional relationships and communicating freely.
D)are very adept at person-centered approach to sexual behavior.

Question 53

The study conducted by Alexander and Fisher to evaluate whether gender differences in sexuality are true found that when people were in the _____, they gave the most honest reporting of their sexual experiences.

A)bogus pipeline condition
B)anonymous condition
C)exposure threat condition
D)control group condition

Question 54

The "feminine" trait which is a part of the gender role that has been linked to arousal and orgasm problems for women is:

A)passivity.
B)emotionality.
C)nurturance.
D)individuality.

Question 55

Heiman found a high correlation between self-reports and physiological measures of arousal in women when:

A)women had been told to pay attention to their arousal.
B)women engaged in sexual intercourse in the laboratory.
C)women masturbated in the laboratory.
D)women were informed of the experimental value of the study.

Question 56

Heiman's study investigating how and why females and males respond to erotic material found that:

A)females, just like males, were always aware of their own conditions of physiological arousal.
B)both females and males found the male-initiated, male-centered elements to be most arousing.
C)erotic and erotic-romantic explicit heterosexual sex was most arousing for females and males.
D)women's physiological arousal to the romantic tapes was significantly higher than that of the men.

Question 57

In studies where male animals have been castrated, which of the following results have been observed?

A)Sexual behavior in the castrated males disappears.
B)Sexual behavior in the castrated males increase.
C)The males developed androgen-insensitivity syndrome.
D)The females showed greater attraction toward castrated males.

Question 58

Which of the following is a myth according to Bernie Zilbergeld's book "The New Male Sexuality"?

A)A real man knows how to communicate his feelings about sex.
B)We're liberated folks who are very comfortable with sex.
C)All touching need not lead to sex.
D)Sex can be enjoyed without making an erection the sole focus.

Question 59

In the study conducted by Heiman, the erotic material featuring explicit heterosexual sex initiated by the female was found to be most arousing to:

A)females only.
B)males only.
C)both females and males.
D)neither females nor males.

Question 60

The best explanation given for why women are likely to misjudge their erotic arousal about one-half the time is that it is caused by the:

A)lack of testosterone.
B)painful sensations accompanying sexual arousal for all women.
C)cultural factors directing their focus away from their body.
D)inherent lack of interest in sex among women.

Question 61

"Person-centered sex" is least likely to occur in males who are in their:

A)teens.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)fifties.

Question 62

"Person-centered sex" in females first occurs during their:

A)fifties.
B)thirties.
C)twenties.
D)teens.

Question 63

Which of the following statements about transsexualism is true?

A)It is a problem of sexual behavior.
B)Female-to-male transsexuals are more likely to seek help at clinics.
C)The term transsexual is used to refer to the person both before and after having undergone gender reassignment.
D)Gender reassignment surgery for female-to-male transsexuals is easier than it is for male-to-female transsexuals.

Question 64

According to Helen Singer Kaplan, women are most likely to be the initiators of sex when they are in their:

A)early teens.
B)late teens.
C)early twenties.
D)middle thirties.

Question 65

Research by Kinsey has suggested that women may develop an "erotic dependency" on men because:

A)men are naturally better at sex than women.
B)men are defined as necessary to fulfill this biological need.
C)women typically have a higher sexual drive when compared to men leading to dependence.
D)women's earliest sexual experiences include heterosexual petting, which is aided by men.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true with regard to Helen Singer Kaplan's views on the development of sexuality in women across the lifespan?

A)Women reach their complete potential for sexual enjoyment by their late teens.
B)Women evolve from a body-centered to a person-centered approach to sex as they age.
C)Women have a markedly slower sexual response mechanism by their mid-thirties.
D)Women develop the ability to orgasm more consistently in their mid-thirties.

Question 67

Adolescent female sexuality is _____.

A)person-centered
B)body-centered
C)self indulgent
D)genitally-focused

Question 68

Transsexualism is a phenomenon:

A)found in much of recorded history.
B)that originated as a part of ancient religious practices.
C)found almost exclusively in modern, industrialized countries.
D)wherein people accept themselves as belonging to the third gender and avoid gender reassignment.

Question 69

_____ is defined as unhappiness or dissatisfaction with one's gender.

A)Gender identity
B)Cisgender role
C)Gender congruence
D)Gender dysphoria

Question 70

According to Ira Reiss, the kind of sexual expression where the emphasis is placed on physical pleasure can be called:

A)body-centered sex.
B)person-centered sex.
C)context-centered sex.
D)transcendental sex.

Question 71

A _____ is a person who believes he or she was born with the body of the other gender.

A)sadist
B)transsexual
C)homosexual
D)masochist

Question 72

Trey is a 16-year-old high school student.According to the terminology suggested by Ira Reiss, which of the following types of sexual expression is he most likely to exhibit?

A)Mind-centered sex
B)Homosexual sex
C)Body-centered sex
D)Person-centered sex

Question 73

According to the terminology suggested by Ira Reiss, which of the following types of sexuality is 16-year-old Colleen most likely to exhibit?

A)Mind-centered sex
B)Homosexual sex
C)Body-centered sex
D)Person-centered sex

Question 74

"Body-centered sex" is least likely to occur in females who are in their:

A)teens.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)fifties.

Question 75

A transsexual who is attracted to females would be classified as:

A)gynephilic.
B)androphilic.
C)amphiphilic.
D)necrophilic.

Question 76

One of the problems with our understanding of gender differences in sexuality is due to the fact that most research is focused primarily on:

A)older adults.
B)young adults.
C)married couples.
D)homosexual people.

Question 77

"Body-centered sex" is most likely to occur in males who are in their:

A)fifties.
B)thirties.
C)forties.
D)teens.

Question 78

Which of the following is a feature of the body-centered approach to sexual behavior?

A)An emphasis on sex as a way to feel close to one's partner.
B)A focus on the sensuous aspects of sex.
C)A focus on sex as a bonding experience within a relationship.
D)An emphasis on an intense genital capacity to enjoy sex.

Question 79

A transsexual who is attracted to males would be classified as:

A)gynephilic.
B)androphilic.
C)amphiphilic.
D)necrophilic.

Question 80

Males and females show significant differences by maturity in their sexuality.The authors of your text suggest that one of the things that could be done to equalize orgasmic responsiveness between females and males is to:

A)give girls information about masturbation.
B)discipline boys more for participating in masturbation.
C)prohibit both boys and girls from masturbating.
D)encourage a submissive sexual role for women.