Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding mental disorders is true?

A)Abnormal and normal behavior exist on a continuum.
B)Abnormal and normal behavior are fixed categories.
C)A single criterion is adequate for identifying all forms of abnormal behavior.
D)Diagnoses of mental disorders can only be made by a licensed psychiatrist.

Answer 1

Abnormal and normal behavior exist on a continuum.

Question 2

In early therapy of abnormal behavior, ________ was used to allow evil spirits to escape, while ________ was designed to make the body so uncomfortable it would be uninhabitable to the devil.

A)purging; fasting
B)trephining; exorcism
C)demonology; hydrotherapy
D)the medical model; dunking

Answer 2

trephining; exorcism

Question 3

Based on the personal distress approach to defining abnormal behavior, which of the following would qualify as abnormal?

A)Two teenagers kill and injure fellow classmates and teachers, but feel no remorse afterwards.
B)A father uses alcohol to get through the day, with no concern for the consequences.
C)A West African woman is experiencing "brain fog."
D)Tremonne's girlfriend broke up with him three months ago and he is still terribly upset about it.

Answer 3

Tremonne's girlfriend broke up with him three months ago and he is still terribly upset about it.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding abnormal behavior?

A)Mental disorders are signs of personal weakness.
B)Many mentally ill individuals work at moderate- and high-level jobs.
C)Mental illness is permanent.
D)Violence is the most common symptom of mental disorders.

Question 5

Frances was diagnosed with a mental illness because she lost her job when she tested positive for marijuana use at a company that requires frequent random drug testing.From the criteria of identifying abnormal behavior and considering the context in which Frances works, this is an example of ________.

A)infrequent occurrence
B)deviance from a norm
C)danger
D)atypical behavior approach

Question 6

The ________ assumes that abnormal behavior is due to physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured and prevented.

A)medical model
B)psychiatric perspective
C)psychobiological approach
D)mind-body hypothesis

Question 7

A legal term for people with a mental disorder that implies a lack of responsibility for their behavior and an inability to manage their affairs is ________.

A)neurosis
B)psychosis
C)insanity
D)incompetence to stand trial

Question 8

________ is the specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.

A)Psychology
B)Psychiatry
C)Psychobiology
D)Psychodiagnostics

Question 9

The current term for serious mental disorders characterized by a loss of contact with external reality and extreme disruption of thought processes is ________.

A)psychosis
B)neurosis
C)hysteria
D)melancholy

Question 10

This criterion has NOT been used as an approach to defining abnormal behavior:

A)level of dysfunction
B)personal distress
C)medical school consensus
D)violation of social or cultural norms

Question 11

An outdated term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems is ________.

A)psychosis
B)neurosis
C)psychasthenia
D)hysteria

Question 12

An outdated term that refers to a condition in which psychological symptoms are experienced in the absence of gross brain abnormality, grossly irrational thinking, or violation of basic norms is ________.

A)psychosis
B)neurosis
C)prevalence
D)comorbidity

Question 13

The classification system produced by the American Psychiatric Association and used to describe abnormal behaviors is called the DSM-5.DSM is an abbreviation for ________.

A)Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual
B)Diseases and Symptoms of Mental Disorders
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D)Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management Manual

Question 14

The presence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time is called ________.

A)dual diagnosis
B)comorbidity
C)double jeopardy
D)double indemnity

Question 15

Compared to the medical model, modern psychology offers all but which of the following explanations for abnormal behavior?

A)unconscious thoughts, blocked personal growth, and faulty thinking
B)inappropriate conditioning or modeling
C)problems with genes, brain structure, or neurotransmitters
D)Those with mental illnesses are spiritually compromised and need religious cleansing.

Question 16

Comorbidity is the term used to indicate ________.

A)the presence of two members of the same family with the same disease
B)the death of two or more family members from the same disorder
C)the presence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time
D)a situation where a person with psychological problems receives help from more than one clinician at a time

Question 17

Which of the Four Ds is often overestimated by people in the general public about those who suffer from a mental disorder?

A)Deviance
B)Dysfunction
C)Distress
D)Danger

Question 18

Worthington has been praying and fasting for days.His healer has been making extraordinary noises, beating him, and giving him foul-tasting brews to drink.It is MOST likely that Worthington and his healer are ________.

A)preparing Worthington for an episode of trephining
B)engaged in a sadomasochistic ritual
C)attempting to exorcise the demons they believe are responsible for Worthington's troubles
D)exercising their right to do whatever they want in private

Question 19

Which of the following was not a treatment for abnormal behavior in earlier time periods?

A)trephining
B)exorcism
C)placement in asylums
D)phrenology

Question 20

The purpose of the DSM 5 is to provide ________.

A)descriptions and categories of disorders
B)explanations of the causes of disorders
C)treatment recommendations for disorders
D)guidance for the appropriate medication for a given condition

Question 21

Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is not a mental disorder unless _____

A)you experience it more than once per month
B)its presence in one's life becomes disabling
C)your family has a history of anxiety disorders
D)other people begin to notice your symptoms

Question 22

Fear or discomfort that arises abruptly and usually involves feelings of impending doom is called ________.

A)a panic attack
B)hysteria
C)a nihilistic obsession
D)a mortality-based compulsion

Question 23

Which of the following is FALSE about the DSM 5?

A)It describes the symptoms of about 400 mental disorders.
B)It was most recently updated in 2013.
C)It reflects a western European and American perspective of mental disorders.
D)It relies on the psychological rather than the medical model of mental illness to describe mental disorders.

Question 24

Read the following statements and select the one that is the most accurate.

A)Those who suicidal typically do not really want to die.
B)Thoughts about suicide are quite rare.
C)Suicide usually takes place with little or no warning.
D)One suicide can trigger another "copycat" suicide.

Question 25

"Insanity" is a ________ term that is used in ________ of cases that reach trial.

A)psychological; just over 1%
B)legal; fewer than 1%
C)psychological; 5%
D)legal; about 10%

Question 26

Possibly the biggest criticism of the DSM-5 (as well as the earlier editions of the volume)is that it _________.

A)overrelies on the medical model and leads to unfair stigmatizing those with mental disorders
B)includes well over a thousand different diagnoses, which makes it too complicated to use
C)provides too many outs (or excuses)that allow those with a mental illness to escape a formal diagnosis
D)makes too many recommendations for the use of psychotropic medications

Question 27

Approximately ________ people worldwide end their lives by suicide each year.

A)150,000
B)800,000
C)1)2 million
D)3 million

Question 28

If you suspect a friend might be considering suicide, what should you do?

A)Call the police immediately.Dial 911 if necessary.
B)Convince your friend that everything will be okay.
C)Stay with your friend and encourage them to talk to you.
D)Avoid the topic of suicide so you don't inadvertently "plant" the idea.

Question 29

When a depression is lifting from a person who has been suicidal in the past, ________.

A)the risk of suicide decreases
B)the risk of suicide is not affected
C)there is no risk of suicide
D)the risk of suicide increases

Question 30

Sudden inexplicable episodes of intense fear with an impending sense of doom are associated with ________.

A)hysteria
B)general anxiety disorder
C)panic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 31

Which of the following is true of anxiety disorders?

A)They are diagnosed more in men than in women.
B)They are diagnosed more in older than in younger adults.
C)They are among the easiest disorders to treat.
D)In most cases they occur comorbidly with a mood disorder.

Question 32

Fear or discomfort that arises abruptly and usually involves feelings of impending doom is called ________.

A)a panic attack
B)hysteria
C)a nihilistic obsession
D)a mortality-based compulsion

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder that is categorized in the DSM-5?

A)social anxiety disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)hysteria
D)panic disorder

Question 34

Anxiety disorders are ________.

A)characterized by disabling fear or worry, physiological arousal, and behavioral disturbances
B)the third most frequent of the mental disorders after mood disorders and substance use disorders
C)twice as common in men as in women and far more common in the elderly than in younger adults
D)almost always diagnosed with a comorbid depressive disorder

Question 35

This complication, which can be experienced on conjunction with the symptoms of a panic attack, results in anxiety about being in a place where escape is difficult or embarrassing.

A)social anxiety disorder
B)specific phobia
C)agoraphobia
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 36

Daria was swimming in a friend's pool yesterday, when she saw that a fly had landed in the water about 5 feet away from her.She began screaming, jumped out of the pool as fast as she could, and refused to get back in for the rest of the day.This is not the first time that her fear of bugs has interfered with a nice afternoon outside, and she has been less and less willing to participate in such activities recently.Daria probably suffers from _________.

A)a specific phobia
B)social anxiety disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)panic attacks

Question 37

Lola has not been able to control her considerable and varying worries for the last six months, and complains of insomnia and headaches.When her therapist asks what she is so upset about, she is unable to identify a specific trigger of her stress.It is likely that Lola has ________.

A)panic attacks
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)social anxiety disorder

Question 38

Udo is frequently and suddenly overcome by intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and difficult breathing.These episodes have been happening for at least the last three months on a regular basis.Udo is MOST likely suffering from ________.

A)general anxiety disorder
B)panic disorder
C)hysteria
D)agoraphobia

Question 39

Chronic, uncontrollable, excessive worrying that is not associated with a specific trigger is indicative of ________.

A)a panic attack
B)a phobic disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 40

Which of the following is TRUE regarding suicide?

A)People who talk about it won't do it.
B)Only depressed or psychotic people commit suicide.
C)A family history of suicide increases a person's risk for suicide.
D)Women commit suicide more often than men.

Question 41

A state of hyperactivity and unreasonable elation that may include impulsive behavior is called ________.

A)hyperarousal
B)mania
C)compulsivity
D)elation

Question 42

Which of the following is not a biological explanation for the development of anxiety disorders?

A)There may be an evolutionary predisposition to fear what is dangerous.
B)Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to become easily aroused.
C)Biochemical disturbances due to caffeine or hyperventilation may play a role.
D)Classical conditioning leads us to experience anxiety as a reaction to perceived threatening stimuli.

Question 43

Persons with anxiety disorders who are hypervigilant are thought to have ________.

A)faulty cognitive habits
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)maladaptive learning patterns
D)obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 44

Seligman found that, when faced with a painful situation from which there is no escape, animals and people enter a state of surrender and resignation.He called this ________.

A)autonomic resignation
B)helpless resignation
C)resigned helplessness
D)learned helplessness

Question 45

Women greatly outnumber men in the diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and a biological explanation that has been offered for this is _________.

A)that women have less regulated neurotransmission systems and that this chemical instability is related to anxiety
B)the fact that poverty is far more likely among women, and this condition can lead to understand anxiety that grows to pathology levels
C)the idea that sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone may be involved
D)the more lateralized brains of women versus men leads to greater activity in the panic centers of the brain

Question 46

Morris is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, is too tired to go to work, and cannot concentrate on simple television shows.It is MOST likely that Morris is experiencing ________.

A)generalized depressive disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)major depressive disorder
D)bipolar I disorder

Question 47

This is characterized by an intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation:

A)panic attack
B)panic disorder
C)hysterical disorder
D)a phobia

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a psychological theory of depression?

A)Depression is the result of turning anger inward.
B)Negative thinking patterns that include rumination and obsessive about problems occur.
C)Depression results from learning that pain cannot be avoided.
D)Environmental stressors, such as poverty and unemployment, affect our mood states.

Question 49

A major difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorder do people have ________.

A)hallucinations or delusions
B)depression
C)manic episodes
D)biochemical imbalance

Question 50

According to learning theory, the development of an anxiety disorder may be related to _____, while the maintenance of that disorder may be related to ________.

A)operant conditioning; imitation and modeling
B)vicarious learning; operant conditioning
C)classical conditioning; operant conditioning
D)classical conditioning; imitation and modeling

Question 51

Brenda has been up for days.She forgot to pay the rent, but is handing out money to the homeless.When a police officer tries to talk to her about why she is wearing only her bra and underwear in a public place, she answers rapidly, but her thoughts and her words are moving quickly from one idea to another.The police officer would be correct in suspecting that Brenda has ________.

A)drug-induced multiple personalities
B)a personality disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)major depressive disorder

Question 52

A depressive disorder is BEST characterized by ________.

A)frequent melancholia, prolonged blues, or prolonged grief
B)a long-lasting depressed mood that interferes with functioning, pleasure, and life interests
C)any reduction of mood that also includes suicidal thoughts
D)recurring or persistent episodes of depressed mood and mania, with or without psychotic thinking and suicidality

Question 53

Someone who experiences episodes of mania, or cycles between mania and depression, has a ________.

A)disruption of circadian rhythms
B)bipolar disorder
C)persistent depressive disorder
D)depressive disorder

Question 54

Antidepressants are sometimes prescribed for mood disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of several neurotransmitters, including _____, in the brain.

A)serotonin
B)acetylcholine
C)endorphins
D)epinephrine

Question 55

The two main types of mood disorders are ________.

A)depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
B)phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders
C)bipolar I and bipolar II disorders
D)learned helplessness and suicide

Question 56

Leroy refuses to dance because of an intense, irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others.Leroy probably has a(n)________ phobia.

A)emotional
B)social
C)evaluation
D)situational

Question 57

An attributional theory of depression suggests that depression is more likely when someone attributes their failure or unpleasant circumstances to an ________ cause.

A)internal, stable, and global
B)external, unstable, and specific
C)internal, unstable, and global
D)external, stable, and specific

Question 58

Zuri makes internal, stable, and global statements about her poor test performance.She is MOST likely to experience _________, which is related to ________.

A)autonomic resignation; self-esteem
B)helpless resignation; anxiety
C)resigned helplessness; bipolar disorder
D)learned helplessness; depression

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE regarding bipolar disorder?

A)It is associated with a high suicide rate.
B)It is a very common disorder.
C)It often includes a rapid flight of ideas, as one experiences racing thoughts.
D)Depressive episodes usually last three times as long as manic episodes.

Question 60

A Japanese phobia called taijin kyofusho is characterized by an intense dread of embarrassing others.This condition does not exist in Western cultures.This demonstrates ________.

A)ethnocentrism
B)a cultural difference in emphasis on collectivist vs.individuals
C)the presence of more social phobias in Japan
D)different versions of the DSM-5 in different countries

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of a hallucination?

A)Hearing voices that aren't really there
B)Seeing an actual bridge and believing it is the gateway to heaven
C)Smelling a flower and believing its odor belongs to a skunk
D)Feeling as thought you can "hear colors" or "taste sights"

Question 62

A ________ is a jumbled combination of words and phrases into incomprehensible sentences.

A)pragmatic error
B)world salad
C)word soup
D)flight of ideas

Question 63

"I'm stupid" is a(n)________ attribution, "I'll always be stupid" is a(n)________ attribution, and "I'll never pass any of my classes" is a(n)________ attribution.

A)inferior; external; expansive
B)external; unstable; specific
C)internal; stable; global
D)personal; eternal; academic

Question 64

Three of Yachi's grandparents had schizophrenia.Both of Yumiko's parents have it.Tabia's identical twin was just diagnosed with it.Who is MOST likely someday to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well?

A)Yachi
B)Yumiko
C)Tabia
D)They all have the same genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia.

Question 65

People who attribute negative outcomes to themselves, and positive outcomes to external factors, are more prone to ________ than people who do the opposite.

A)anxiety
B)bipolar disorder
C)depression
D)schizophrenia

Question 66

________ symptoms of schizophrenia refer to "excess" behaviors, such as hallucinations, whereas ________ symptoms refer to "deficits," such as flattened emotions or loss of activity.

A)Alpha; beta
B)Type a; Type b
C)Hyperactive; hypoactive
D)Positive; negative

Question 67

Perceptions for which there are no appropriate external stimuli are called _______, and the most common type among people suffering from schizophrenia is ________.

A)hallucinations; auditory
B)hallucinations; visual
C)delusions; auditory
D)delusions; visual

Question 68

This is a thought disturbance characterized by mistaken beliefs that are maintained in spite of clear evidence to the contrary.

A)Cognitive disruption
B)False premise
C)Delusion
D)Hallucination

Question 69

Which of the following delusions is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Grandeur: Buddha is my savior.
B)Control: Aliens have inserted microchips in my brain and are making me behave violently.
C)Persecution: The CIA, FBI, and IRS want to lock me up or kill me.
D)Paranoid: My neighbors are listening through the walls and following my footsteps.

Question 70

John believes he is a famous code-cracker for the CIA, even though in reality, he is not.John is having a delusion of ________.

A)grandeur
B)persecution
C)reference
D)control

Question 71

Psychotic symptoms similar to those found in schizophrenia can also occur with the use of ________.

A)alcohol
B)microwave ovens
C)amphetamines
D)cellular telephones

Question 72

This is the term for a false.imaginary sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

A)delusion
B)illusion
C)hallucination
D)flight of ideas

Question 73

Schizophrenia is associated with ________.

A)manic episodes
B)a separation from reality
C)multiple personalities
D)obsessions and compulsions

Question 74

The heritability of schizophrenia for identical twins is nearly ________.

A)5%
B)20%
C)30%
D)50%

Question 75

A disorder that is characterized by severely disturbed perception, language, thought, emotion, and/or behavior is ________.

A)schizophrenia
B)dissociative identity disorder
C)antisocial personality disorder
D)somatic symptom disorder

Question 76

Maxwell was not chosen for the baseball team.Which of the following attributions will DECREASE his chances of feeling depressed?

A)"I'm just no good at baseball."
B)"I've never been good at baseball, and never will be."
C)"Baseball, basketball, school-I've failed at all of them."
D)"Today just wasn't my day."

Question 77

A person with schizophrenia is more likely to ________ than ________.

A)have negative symptoms; positive ones
B)be self-destructive; violent toward others
C)display violence; restraint
D)become catatonic; commit suicide

Question 78

________ refers to "split mind," while ________ refers to "split personality."

A)Psychosis; neurosis
B)Insanity; multiple personality
C)Schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder
D)Paranoia; borderline

Question 79

Seeing helicopters rushing to an emergency scene, a person with schizophrenia may think they are after him because he is the leader of a drug cartel when he in fact is no such thing.This is an example of a disturbance called ________.

A)a delusion of reference
B)a delusion of grandeur
C)a delusion of persecution
D)a hallucination

Question 80

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding schizophrenia?

A)Around 3 in every 100 people develops schizophrenia.
B)Schizophrenia usually develops in adolescence or young adulthood.
C)It is more severe in men but usually emerges earlier in women.
D)It is a lifelong disorder that is usually unresponsive to treatment.