Deck 15: Therapy

Question 1

The system of psychotherapy developed by Freud that seeks to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness is known as ________.

A)gestalt therapy
B)rational emotive therapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered therapy

Answer 1

psychoanalysis

Question 2

Modern psychodynamic therapy is different from psychoanalysis in all but which of the following reasons?

A)Treatment is longer in duration.
B)Therapy occurs face-to-face.
C)Therapy is less directive.
D)Treatment is more likely to encourage the use of psychotropic medication.

Answer 2

Therapy occurs face-to-face.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the applicability of psychoanalysis is FALSE?

A)It is too time consuming and expensive for the average patient.
B)It only works with severe mental disorders.
C)The notion of repressed memories and unconscious conflicts is difficult to validate.
D)There is limited scientific credibility for many of its assumptions.

Answer 3

It only works with severe mental disorders.

Question 4

Therapies defined as "talk therapies" include ________ ___.

A)psychodynamic and cognitive approaches
B)behavioral and psychodynamic models
C)psychoanalysis and ECT
D)humanistic therapy and operant conditioning

Question 5

In psychoanalysis, free association refers to ________.

A)unproductive sessions for which the client is not charged
B)a thought process that has no underlying cause or motivation
C)reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents
D)providing therapy with no set cost, but allowing the client to pay what they feel the session was worth

Question 6

Using therapeutic techniques to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life is known as ________.

A)eclectic therapy
B)cybercounseling
C)psychotherapy
D)psychiatry

Question 7

An analyst says to her patient, "When you raise your voice with me, it seems like you are doing what you did to be heard by your father, and what you may be doing with your boss that is keeping you from getting promoted." It is MOST likely that this analyst is engaged in the psychoanalytic technique called ________.

A)projection
B)interpretation
C)countertransference
D)self-disclosure

Question 8

In therapy, Alda started speaking about her upcoming birthday, which reminded her of a childhood birthday.In discussing her 5th birthday, she remembered feelings of rage and disappointment, and recalled a dream she'd had last night in which she was behind the wheel of a steamroller.This process would BEST be described as ________.

A)dream analysis
B)psychotic processing
C)free association
D)analysis of resistance

Question 9

According to your text, why does psychoanalysis work?

A)Once a person understands her or his maladaptive thoughts, new thoughts can be learned.
B)Once a person understands the reinforcement acting to sustain behavior, new behavioral consequences can be implemented.
C)Once a person gains insight into their conflicts, those issues can be resolved.
D)Once a person feels unconditional positive regard, she or he can learn to love her or himself.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of psychoanalytic resistance?

A)arriving on time for an appointment
B)arriving early for an appointment
C)arriving late or canceling an appointment
D)discussing painful dreams during therapy

Question 11

Jock paused for several minutes right after he started discussing his most recent interaction with his wife.Jock's analyst interpreted this as a sign that Jock's ego was trying to prevent him from revealing an unconscious conflict and asked Jock to discuss this recent interaction.The analyst was attempting to overcome Jock's ________.

A)resistance
B)transference
C)therapeutic obstacle
D)free associations

Question 12

The displacement of emotional reactions from someone else onto the therapist in psychoanalysis is called ________.

A)transference
B)countertransference
C)projection
D)displacement

Question 13

Hardy reported a dream in which he was riding as a passenger in the back seat of a driverless car.He experienced this dream as extremely frightening.His psychoanalyst suggested that Hardy might be feeling as though neither he nor anyone else is in charge of his life.This process would BEST be described as ________, in which the therapist's interpretation was meant to uncover ________.

A)transference; Hardy's problems with authority
B)countertransference; the manifest meaning in Hardy's real life
C)dream analysis; unacceptable, unconscious feelings in Hardy's psyche
D)free association; the latent content of Hardy's dream

Question 14

This is a stage in psychoanalysis in which a patient avoids the analyst's attempts to bring threatening unconscious material into conscious awareness.

A)catharsis
B)transference
C)resistance
D)counterresistance

Question 15

Which of the following is a component of psychoanalysis?

A)reflective listening
B)dream analysis
C)the empty chair technique
D)systematic desensitization

Question 16

Blanche yells at her psychoanalyst, "You have never listened to me or understood anything I have said.You don't care at all what happens to me.I hate you!" Assuming this is not really true, it is MOST likely that Blanche is experiencing ________ in this stage of her therapy.

A)unconscious impulsiveness
B)free association
C)transference
D)resistance

Question 17

In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst will look for the ________ meaning that underlies the ________ content.

A)conscious; unconscious
B)latent; manifest
C)dramatic; mundane
D)countertransferential; transferential

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a myth about psychotherapy identified in your text?

A)There is one best therapy.
B)Therapy is only for deeply disturbed individuals.
C)If I am taking medication then I don't need therapy.
D)A therapist's job is to solve my problems for me.

Question 19

If a patient who is feeling lonely as a result of a failed romantic relationship believes that he has fallen in love with his therapist, this is likely a result of ________.

A)projection
B)transference
C)countertransference
D)resistance

Question 20

Psychotherapy is defined in your text as the various methods of therapy that ________.

A)attempt to describe, explain, and treat various mental disorders
B)aim to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life
C)were used by Freud
D)are provided by a licensed psychiatrist

Question 21

A sensitive understanding of and ability to share another person's inner experience is called ________.

A)sympathy
B)emotional bonding
C)empathy
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 22

Cognitive therapists assume that problem behaviors and emotions are caused by ________.

A)faulty, distorted thoughts
B)negative self-image
C)incongruent belief systems
D)lack of self-discipline

Question 23

The belief that humans have personal freedom to make choices and that they are responsible for the choices they make characterizes the ________ approach to therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)humanistic
C)learning
D)gestalt

Question 24

Client-centered therapy ________.

A)emphasizes the healthy, productive growth potential of people who come to therapy
B)encourages the client to follow the explicit instructions of the therapist
C)challenges clients' inappropriate thought processes, sometimes in a very confrontational way
D)is typically conducted in a group therapy format

Question 25

In Rogerian therapy, the role of the therapist is to ________.

A)practice new behaviors, having learned the antecedent and consequence of that behavior
B)always agree completely with the client to allow improved congruence between the client's self-concept and environmental experiences
C)provide an accepting environment for a client's free exploration of important thoughts and feelings
D)avoid expressing too much warmth for a client, so that it does not appear to be phony

Question 26

Client-centered therapists avoid statements such as, "You did the right thing," in order to ________.

A)avoid inadvertent reinforcement of a genuine, but varying, maladaptive unconscious process
B)prevent non-genuine acceptance
C)decrease a client's need to seek approval from others and self
D)avoid malpractice lawsuits

Question 27

According to the humanistic approach to therapy, the basic cause of psychological problems is ________.

A)frustration and conflict
B)faulty thinking
C)blocked personal growth
D)misperception of reality

Question 28

This is listening with total attention by reflecting, paraphrasing, and clarifying.

A)speaker-centered listening
B)speaker-focused listening
C)unconditional positive listening
D)active listening

Question 29

Research on humanistic therapy has found ________.

A)that client self-reports of its effectiveness have been rather negative
B)very poor results for the effectiveness of empathy and active listening
C)that self-actualization and self-awareness are difficult to test scientifically
D)strength for the dream interpretation techniques but weakness for the use of unconditional positive regard

Question 30

In Rogerian therapy, the ________ is responsible for discovering maladaptive patterns.

A)therapist
B)analyst
C)family
D)client

Question 31

The process by which the therapist and client work to identify and change destructive ways of thinking is called ________.

A)problem-solving
B)self-talk
C)cognitive restructuring
D)rational recovery

Question 32

________ therapy helps clients remove obstacles that interfere with their journey toward free will, self-actualization, and self-awareness.

A)Cognitive-emotive
B)Emotive
C)Humanistic
D)Actualization

Question 33

The awareness of one's true inner thoughts and feelings, and the ability to share them authentically with others, is called ________ in Rogerian therapy.

A)unconditional regard
B)intimate interaction
C)active sharing
D)genuineness

Question 34

Which of the following is a belief shared by both psychoanalysts and cognitive therapists?

A)Altering destructive thoughts cannot improve a person's effectiveness in life.
B)Many thoughts and beliefs that create problems are very clear to patients.
C)An exploration of thoughts and beliefs can lead to important insights.
D)Behavior change is usually unlikely and only happens when a person is in severe distress.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is MOST likely to be said by a client-centered therapist?

A)"You're right about that."
B)"Your thinking is all mixed up."
C)"You sound perplexed, uncertain about what to do."
D)"Your mother thinks you are a unique, positive, and powerful person."

Question 36

This form of therapy focuses on faulty thought processes and beliefs to treat problem behaviors.

A)self-talk therapy
B)belief-behavior therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)thought analysis

Question 37

If a client-centered therapist was upset by a client's verbal abuse of a spouse, which of the following might the therapist do?

A)Report the client to the police.
B)Make an interpretation about how this behavior probably stems from the client's own abuse as a child.
C)Keep his reaction to himself, displaying unconditional positive regard and acceptance of this behavior.
D)Authentically share his feelings in a nonjudgmental manner with the client.

Question 38

The nonjudgmental attitude and genuine caring that a therapist expresses toward a client is called _______.

A)unconditional positive regard
B)unconditional caring
C)genuine acceptance
D)genuine positive regard

Question 39

The name of a psychodynamically based, brief form of therapy identified in your text is ________ therapy.

A)cognitive
B)interpersonal
C)behavioral
D)gestalt therapy

Question 40

Cognitive therapy alters ________, the things people say to themselves when they interpret events.

A)negative self-talk
B)self-analysis
C)delusional beliefs
D)incongruent thoughts

Question 41

Boris believes that everyone has to like him, or he is not loveable.This is an example of one of Beck's maladaptive thought patterns called ________.

A)selective perception
B)overgeneralization
C)magnification
D)all-or-nothing thinking

Question 42

Critics suggest that Beck and Ellis ignore, deny, or minimize the importance of ________ on patients' behaviors.

A)unconscious dynamics and prior experiences
B)thoughts and beliefs
C)rationality
D)irrationality

Question 43

In Ellis's REBT, the letters ABCD represent ________.

A)Actualization of self, mental and physical Behaviors, Coping reactions, Dismissing unfriendly thoughts
B)Authenticity, Becoming, Choice, Divergence
C)Activating event, Belief system, emotional Consequence, Disputing irrational beliefs
D)Analyzing, Believing, Creating, Directing

Question 44

Ellis calls REBT a(n)_________ approach.

A)ABCD
B)CDEF
C)ARTS
D)BARTS

Question 45

Ellis's approach to cognitive therapy attempts to eliminate self-defeating beliefs through rational examination.He named his approach REBT, or ________ behavior therapy.

A)rational-emotive
B)rational event-related
C)recognition-exchange
D)recovering effectiveness

Question 46

Ioana believes she has the ugliest face in the world because of a small mole on her nose.According to Beck, Ioana's frequent depression is related to the maladaptive thought pattern called ________.

A)magnification
B)exaggeration
C)overgeneralization
D)delusional thinking

Question 47

Barney is sure that no woman will want to date him because the first woman he asked out since coming to college declined his offer.Beck would say Barney is at risk for developing depression because he is engaging in ________.

A)selective perception
B)overgeneralization
C)transference
D)self-defeating behavior

Question 48

When Rudyard missed the bus to school, he immediately thought to himself, "The teacher will never let me in late to the final exam.I'm doomed." Rudyard's thoughts are an example of _______, which cognitive therapists attempt to change using ________.

A)self-analysis; problem-solving
B)irrationality; rationalization
C)unreality; reality therapy
D)negative self-talk; cognitive restructuring

Question 49

Casey believes it is useless to keep writing because she has received so many manuscript rejections and only one screenplay acceptance.Beck would consider Casey's depression to be due to her use of ________.

A)overgeneralization
B)all-or-nothing thinking
C)selective perception
D)magnification

Question 50

Research suggests that Beck's and Ellis's cognitive therapies work for ________.

A)severe psychotic disorders
B)depression, anxiety disorders, bulimia nervosa, and addiction disorders
C)depression and anxiety disorders only
D)somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders

Question 51

A form of counseling that helps clients to focus on their thoughts, including fears, anxieties and worries, so that these thoughts can become more manageable is called ________ cognitive therapy.

A)existential
B)phenomenological
C)mindfulness-based
D)humanistic client-centered

Question 52

Tim knows that the reason his firm did not get the new client is because the competing firm has services that are more specific to this client's needs.Nevertheless, he blames himself for the fact that they lost this new account.Beck would suggest that Tim is engaging in a maladaptive thinking pattern called ________.

A)selective perception
B)overgeneralization
C)personalization
D)all-or-nothing thinking

Question 53

The main focus in behavior therapy is to increase ________ and decrease ________.

A)positive thoughts and feelings; negative thoughts and feelings
B)adaptive behaviors; maladaptive behaviors
C)coping resources; coping deficits
D)unconscious awareness; conscious awareness

Question 54

________ is Ellis's approach to therapy

A)Rational Event-related Action Learning (REAL)
B)Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
C)Doing-Emoting-Behaving Therapy (DEBT)
D)Behavior-Motivation Therapy (BMT)

Question 55

Aaron Beck believed that ________ are among the most important thinking patterns that lead to depression.

A)selective perception, overgeneralization, magnification, and all-or-nothing thinking
B)obsessions, compulsions, and irrational thinking
C)irrational beliefs, worrying, and emotional thinking
D)black-and-white thinking, illogical beliefs, and destructive ideation

Question 56

________ therapy uses techniques based on learning principles to change maladaptive actions.

A)Behavior
B)Action-oriented
C)Humanistic
D)Psychodynamic

Question 57

Ketan turned down Desma's invitation to eat lunch together.Desma thought to herself, "Nobody ever likes me," and immediately felt depressed and lonely.Ellis's RET approach to therapy would directly address which of the following?

A)Desma's misunderstanding of dating gender-roles
B)Desma's depression and loneliness
C)Desma's irrationally pessimistic and generalized thinking
D)Desma's attempt to reach out to Ketan when she had no indication that it would succeed

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true of behavior therapy?

A)The focus is on the problematic behaviors rather than underlying causes.
B)Knowledge of the underlying causes of behavior is not considered necessary for change to occur.
C)Feelings and interpretations are ignored or disregarded.
D)The therapist looks for maladaptive behaviors occurring and adaptive behaviors that are not occurring.

Question 59

According to your text, how can you apply REBT to your own life?

A)Find a therapist who adheres to the REBT method of therapy.
B)Identify and argue against your own irrational beliefs.
C)Point out the irrational beliefs that your friends and relatives are using, and argue against them.
D)Learn to stop questioning your own judgments.

Question 60

Aaron Beck developed ________ therapy, which attempts to change not only destructive thoughts and beliefs, but the associated behaviors as well.

A)psycho-behavior
B)cognitive-behavior
C)thinking-acting
D)belief-behavior

Question 61

The physiological basis for systematic desensitization is that ________.

A)the brain habituates to greater levels of fear if they are presented in a gradual manner
B)relaxation stimulates the production of GABA neurotransmitters, which inhibit the firing of neurons in the brain
C)it is impossible for parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems to be dominant at the same time
D)there is no physiological basis for this behavioral technique

Question 62

________ creates anxiety by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to decrease the behavior.

A)Anxiety conditioning
B)Aversion therapy
C)Systematic sensitization
D)Covert sensitization

Question 63

What would a behavior therapist tell a snake-phobic client using systematic desensitization to do if he/she were to begin experiencing anxiety while visualizing a snake through the window?

A)Continue the process by increasing his coping thoughts
B)Continue the process by decreasing his distress-maintaining thoughts
C)Repeat his relaxation technique until his anxiety diminishes
D)Stop the visualization for the rest of this session

Question 64

Abbas is maintaining a deep state of relaxation as he visualizes looking at a picture of a snake first, then viewing a snake through a window, then watching a snake from across the room, then observing a snake at arm's length.In this example, Abbas is using ________ to decrease his snake phobia.

A)cognitive-relaxation therapy
B)cognitive restructuring
C)systematic desensitization
D)virtual-relaxation therapy

Question 65

________ modeling combines live modeling with direct and gradual practice.

A)Practice
B)Participant
C)Directed
D)Graduated

Question 66

Antabuse works to decrease alcohol consumption because the nausea it induces when alcohol is ingested becomes associated with the alcohol.This is an example of ________.

A)aversion therapy
B)the placebo effect
C)systematic desensitization
D)rational emesis therapy

Question 67

A token is a(n)________ that is used to shape desirable behaviors to people in inpatient treatment facilities.

A)reinforcement to be cashed in for some type of reward
B)UCS
C)monetary reward
D)intangible reward

Question 68

Sizzle, an adorable puppy, is learning to shake hands.The trainer is giving Sizzle a treat each time she moves her paw in the desired direction.Each paw move in the desired direction is called _______.

A)shaping
B)successive approximations
C)behavioral rehearsal
D)aversion therapy

Question 69

Eudoxie covers her husband's alcohol-related absences by lying to his boss.A behavior therapist is MOST likely to say that Eudoxie's problem is ________.

A)her marriage
B)best treated by attending Alanon meetings
C)her husband's alcohol-related behavior
D)lying to her husband's boss

Question 70

The creation of anxiety to decrease maladaptive behavior occurs in ________ therapy; the induction of relaxation to increase an adaptive behavior occurs in ________.

A)behavior; humanistic therapy
B)random sensitization; gestalt therapy
C)aversion; systematic desensitization
D)rational-emotive; cognitive restructuring

Question 71

Behavior therapists use classical conditioning techniques to decrease maladaptive behaviors by ________.

A)rewarding adaptive behaviors
B)punishing maladaptive behaviors
C)creating new associations to replace faulty ones
D)helping clients to develop insight

Question 72

The three steps in systematic desensitization include all EXCEPT ________.

A)learning to become deeply relaxed
B)arranging anxiety-arousing stimuli into a hierarchy from least to worst arousing
C)engaging biofeedback techniques to get control of autonomic functions
D)imagining or experiencing exposure to the trigger stimulus of increasingly threatening levels

Question 73

This type of therapy involves watching and imitating appropriate models who demonstrate desirable behaviors.

A)Shaping
B)Spectatoring
C)Modeling
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 74

In aversion therapy, a form of classical conditioning, ________ compete(s)with the pleasurable associations someone experiences when he or she engages in a maladaptive behavior, like drinking or smoking.

A)positive reinforcement
B)unpleasant associations
C)parasympathetic arousal
D)negative reinforcement

Question 75

Dr.Novak is working with Hal, who is very shy.As Hal practices meeting and conversing with imaginary people during his therapy session, Dr.Novak provides feedback and rewards him for each behavior that would meet with approval in a real social setting.What's happening here?

A)Dr.Novak and Hal are role playing.
B)Dr.Novak and Hal are engaging in covert sensitization.
C)Dr.Novak is using aversion therapy with Hal.
D)Dr.Novak is using biofeedback to help reduce Hal's shyness.

Question 76

It is important to remember that when tokens are used to shape behavior, they must be ________ to be effective in the long term.

A)gradually withdrawn
B)intangible as well as tangible
C)used only for simple behaviors
D)given on a fixed interval schedule

Question 77

This is a gradual process of extinguishing a learned fear response by associating a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli with deep relaxation.

A)hierarchical training
B)systematic desensitization
C)aversion conditioning
D)the relaxation response

Question 78

In shaping, the behavior to be acquired is called the ________, and people are rewarded for ________ that behavior.

A)desired behavior; performing
B)target behavior; successive approximations of
C)goal; working toward
D)outcome behavior; close approximations of

Question 79

In behavior therapy, ________ techniques use shaping and reinforcement to increase adaptive behaviors, and punishment and extinction to decrease maladaptive behaviors.

A)classical conditioning
B)modeling
C)operant conditioning
D)social learning

Question 80

Lewis and Farrah are seeing a marriage counselor.The counselor role-plays appropriate requests and responses for getting each of their needs met, and then asks the couple to practice doing this themselves in order to resolve a mild problem.Over the next several sessions, they practice resolving harder and harder problems, with appropriate modeling from the counselor, as needed.This is called ________.

A)problem-solving therapy
B)participant modeling
C)therapist-directed learning
D)graduated practice