Deck 11: Gender and Human Sexuality

Question 1

Which of the following were developed to discourage masturbation?

A)Marshmallows
B)Kellogg's Corn Flakes
C)Brined olives
D)Decaffeinated coffee

Answer 1

Kellogg's Corn Flakes

Question 2

Which of the following explains why human sexuality was not studied until the 20th century?

A)Scientists did not have the methods for a systematic study of sex.
B)Scientists believed that the general public had no interest in sex.
C)Historical and cultural forces suppressed the study of sex.
D)It was assumed that "everyone knew enough" about sex so that study was not needed.

Answer 2

Historical and cultural forces suppressed the study of sex.

Question 3

Your ________ is related to societal expectations for "normal and appropriate" thoughts, feelings, and actions for your biological sex.

A)gender identity
B)gender role
C)sexual identity
D)sexual orientation

Answer 3

gender role

Question 4

The female gonads are the ________; the male gonads are the ________.

A)vagina; penis
B)ovaries; testes
C)uterus; seminal vesicle
D)fallopian tubes; vas deferens

Question 5

According to the table in your text regarding sexual behaviors across cultures, which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Mangaia: adult males are encouraged to assist their female partners in achieving three orgasms for each one of their own.
B)Yolngu: parents soothe their infants by stroking their genitals, but adult women are apathetic about sex and seldom achieve orgasm.
C)Inis Beag: female orgasm is more prevalent than male orgasm because males are discouraged from wasting their semen.
D)Tiwi: sexuality is encouraged from early childhood, and as early as 8 years old, children are given direct instruction on providing pleasure to a partner.

Question 6

Sex: gender: ________.

A)biological: psychological/sociocultural
B)psychology: biology
C)sociocultural: biological
D)chromosomal: anatomical/biological

Question 7

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

A)Havelock Ellis: first study of prostitutes
B)Freud: founder of the first institute for the study of human sexuality
C)Kinsey: first major survey of human sexual behavior
D)Masters and Johnson: first experimental study of sexual behavior

Question 8

Who conducted the first experimental studies of human sexuality?

A)Alfred Kinsey
B)Havelock Ellis
C)Sigmund Freud
D)William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 9

________ refers to one's biological state of being male or female.

A)Gender identity
B)Sex
C)Gender role
D)Gender

Question 10

Along with his colleagues, who conducted some of the earliest research examining human sexual behavior?

A)Alfred Kinsey
B)Havelock Ellis
C)Sigmund Freud
D)William Masters

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cross-cultural difference in sexuality noted in the text?

A)Dutch parents are more likely to permit their adolescent child to spend the night with their partner than U.S.parents.
B)Kissing is considered repulsive in some indigenous cultures of Africa and Central America.
C)In some indigenous cultures of Australia, it is believed women will not develop breasts before they experience intercourse.
D)In the Inuit people of Alaska, sex between a husband and wife is considered revolting for reasons other than procreation and almost never occurs.

Question 12

What is the tendency to judge one's own cultural practice as preferable to other practices?

A)xenophobia
B)egocentrism
C)ethnocentrism
D)assimilation

Question 13

Havelock Ellis used ________ to study human sexuality.

A)prostitutes
B)his family
C)himself
D)homeless orphans

Question 14

Eva Marie has learned that society expects girls to play with dolls rather than trucks.This means that she understands her ________.

A)sexual script
B)gender schema
C)gender role
D)gender

Question 15

Viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture)as central and "correct," and judging the rest of the world according to this standard, is known as ________.

A)standardization
B)stereotyping
C)discrimination
D)ethnocentrism

Question 16

________ refers to the psychological and sociocultural traits typically associated with one's sex.

A)Sex differences
B)Gender
C)Sexual role
D)Gender role

Question 17

During earlier times, it was believed that ________ led to blindness, impotence, acne, and insanity; while ________ caused brain damage and death.

A)female orgasms; male orgasms
B)masturbation; nocturnal emissions
C)menstruation; menopause
D)oral sex; sodomy

Question 18

Kinsey and his associates used the ________ method(s)to study human sexuality.

A)case study
B)correlational
C)experimental
D)survey and interview

Question 19

Masters and Johnson researched the ________ aspects of human sexuality.

A)physiological
B)cultural
C)genetic
D)psychological

Question 20

Pat has an XY chromosome pattern and likes to play with trucks.The XY pattern is characteristic of Pat's ________, and playing with trucks is characteristic of his ________.

A)sex; gender
B)gender; sex
C)masculinity; maleness
D)identity; orientation

Question 21

Gender schemas are associated with the ________ theory of gender role development.

A)cognitive-developmental
B)psychoanalytic
C)observational
D)gestalt

Question 22

A combination of both "male" and "female" personality characteristics and traits is called ________.

A)heterosexuality
B)homosexuality
C)transsexualism
D)androgyny

Question 23

The size difference in the corpus callosum between men and women may mean ________.

A)men are more intelligent than women
B)women are more intelligent than men
C)women can integrate information more easily from two halves of their brain
D)men can integrate information more easily from two halves of their brain

Question 24

Jimmy was a carpenter, a teacher, and a healer.He was strong and nurturing.He was independent, warm, and caring.This blend of "masculine" and "feminine" traits makes him a prototype for the concept of ________.

A)transgenderism
B)androgyny
C)heterosexuality
D)bisexuality

Question 25

The prostate gland is an internal organ in the _____; the fallopian tube is an internal organ in the ________.

A)female; female
B)female; male
C)male; male
D)male; female

Question 26

The group of people who generally have higher self-esteem and more success and adjustment in today's complex society are those who are _______.

A)high on androgyny
B)high on both masculinity and femininity
C)low on both masculinity and femininity
D)high on femininity

Question 27

Social learning theory suggests that children learn gender roles ________.

A)by developing their own internal gender schema
B)through rewards for gender-appropriate behaviors
C)through resolution of unconscious sexual conflicts
D)by receiving unconditional positive regard from their parents

Question 28

Amanda knows she is a girl, which means she has acquired ________.

A)her primary sexual identity
B)gender constancy
C)a gender identity
D)a gender role

Question 29

The hormonal dimension of sex is defined as the predominance of ________ for females and ________ for males.

A)testosterone; estrogens
B)estrogens; androgens
C)progesterone; estrogens
D)testosterone; androgens

Question 30

The case of "John/Joan" best demonstrated that ________.

A)circumcision is a dangerous operation
B)sex-reassignment should never be done
C)gender identity has more to do with environment than with biological anatomy
D)biology plays a role in gender identity formation

Question 31

With regard to the case report of "John/Joan," which of the following is TRUE regarding "her" final sex and gender dimensions?

A)chromosomes = XX
B)external genitals = intact penis
C)sexual orientation = asexual
D)gender identity = masculine

Question 32

The psychologist who developed a personality measure of male, female, and androgynous traits was ________.

A)Bem
B)Freud
C)Masters
D)Kinsey

Question 33

An individual who experiences emotional or erotic attraction to members of both sexes has a(n)________ sexual orientation.

A)bisexual
B)lesbian
C)transgender
D)heterosexual

Question 34

Which of the following theories regarding the origins of homosexuality has NOT been supported by research?

A)the "domineering mother and weak father" theory
B)the "I'm too unattractive to find a date" theory
C)the "I was seduced by an older homosexual" theory
D)All of these choices represent myths rather than research-supported theories.

Question 35

Your self-identification as belonging to the male or female sex is called your ________.

A)sex perception
B)perceptual gender
C)sex role
D)gender identity

Question 36

Individuals who have the genitals and secondary sex characteristics of one sex, but feel as if they belong to the other sex, are known as being ________.

A)transvestites
B)heterosexual
C)gays or lesbians
D)transgender

Question 37

A person who is erotically attracted to members of the same sex is called ________.

A)unisexual
B)gender confused
C)gay or lesbian
D)transsexual or homosexual

Question 38

Your primary erotic attraction toward others is referred to as your ________.

A)gender identity
B)sexual identity
C)sexual orientation
D)gender schema

Question 39

Bradford wears female clothing because it is sexually arousing.Billy wears female clothing because he believes he is female and wants others to perceive him this way.Bradford is an example of ________, whereas Billy is an example of ________.

A)being transgender; cross-dressing
B)a female impersonator; someone "going in drag"
C)transvestitism; being transgender
D)transvestitism; cross-dressing

Question 40

The belief that children actively create internal rules about appropriate gender behavior is consistent with ________.

A)biopsychosocial theory
B)the androgyny hypothesis
C)social learning theory
D)cognitive developmental theory

Question 41

A homosexual orientation appears to be the result of ________.

A)seduction during childhood or adolescence by an older homosexual
B)a family background that includes a dominant mother and a passive, detached father
C)a hormonal imbalance
D)genetics and biology playing a dominant role

Question 42

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of events in Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle?

A)excitement ---> orgasm ---> plateau ---> resolution
B)plateau ---> excitement ---> orgasm ---> climax
C)arousal ---> excitement ---> plateau ---> orgasm
D)excitement ---> plateau ---> orgasm ---> resolution

Question 43

A negative attitude toward an individual because of his or her sexual orientation is called ________.

A)xenophobia
B)homoerotica
C)heterosexism
D)sexual prejudice

Question 44

Giancarlo suffers from a sexual pathology in which he has disturbing and repetitive fantasies that cause distress to himself and others and put people at risk for harm.Giancarlo suffers from a(n)________.

A)sexual dysfunction
B)paraphilic disorder
C)gender identity disconnect
D)sexual aversion issue

Question 45

________ is the modern term for negative attitudes toward someone based on his or her sexual orientation (regardless of their sexual orientation).

A)Homophobia
B)Sexual prejudice
C)Heterosexism
D)Sexual phobia

Question 46

According to Masters and Johnson, a woman experiencing a leveling off of high arousal, a continuation of increased physiological functioning (pulse, blood pressure, respiration)and the sensation that orgasm is approaching is in the ________ phase of sexual arousal.

A)excitement
B)desire
C)plateau
D)refractory

Question 47

Your textbook defines a sexual dysfunction as ________.

A)any defect in one's enjoyment of sex
B)a significant disturbance in the ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure
C)an inability to have sex with another person
D)a pathology of sexual functioning that involves preoccupation with unusual or dangerous sexual stimuli

Question 48

The genetic influence on sexual orientation has been supported by research reporting that ________.

A)among identical twins, if one brother is gay, the other brother has a 48-65 percent chance of also being gay
B)gay men have fewer chromosomal pairs than straight men, while lesbians have larger areas of the hypothalamus than straight women
C)among adoptive pairs of brothers, if one brother is gay, the other brother has an increased chance of also being gay
D)parenting style influences adult sexual orientation for males, but not for females

Question 49

The discharge of seminal fluid from the penis during orgasm is called ________.

A)the human race
B)a nocturnal emission
C)the male climactic
D)an ejaculation

Question 50

The paraphilic disorder that is marked by intense and recurrent sexual arousal associated with exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting strangers is ________ disorder.

A)fetishistic
B)voyeuristic
C)pedophilic
D)exhibitionistic

Question 51

The period following orgasm, during which it is considered physiologically impossible for most men to be further excited to orgasm, is called the ________ period.

A)post-orgasmic
B)refractory
C)recovery
D)retraction

Question 52

Premature (early)ejaculation occurs when a male ________.

A)ejaculates within one approximately minute of penetration
B)ejaculates before penetration
C)has no control over a rapid ejaculation at least 50% of the time
D)has an orgasm randomly, even without sexual stimulation

Question 53

Telling derogatory jokes about homosexuality and/or avoiding any behavior that might be interpreted as "homosexual" may be examples of ________.

A)heterosexism
B)erotophobia
C)sexual prejudice
D)homoerotica

Question 54

Ever since she was a young adolescent, Emilia has been sexually aroused by the smell of vinyl.As she progressed into adulthood, she would make sure that vinyl products were always a part of her sexual interactions, and this continued to the point where it would interfere with her relationships.She is now terribly distressed that she cannot have sex without vinyl products involved, and she cannot find a partner who accepts this.The result is that she is single and very lonely.Emilia might be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A)fetishistic
B)voyeuristic
C)frotteuristic
D)sexual masochism

Question 55

This is characteristic of the excitement phase of sexual arousal.

A)Initiated by physical touch, sights, sounds, or smells, but not by psychological fantasies
B)Initiated by psychological fantasies, but not by physical touch or sensations
C)Increased engorgement in the genitals; penile and clitoral erection and vaginal lubrication
D)"Ballooning" of the vagina and raising of the testes

Question 56

Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle does NOT include a(n)________ phase.

A)desire
B)excitement
C)orgasm
D)resolution

Question 57

The body returns to its unaroused state in the ________ phase of sexual arousal.

A)orgasm
B)resolution
C)refraction
D)recovery

Question 58

Paraphilic disorders can be acquired and sustained through conditioning, specifically by experiencing rewards with inappropriate behaviors, according to the ________ perspective.

A)gender schema
B)humanistic
C)behaviorist
D)dynamic systems

Question 59

For women, a marked inability to experience sexual pleasure or absence or delay in orgasm is defined in the text as ________.

A)vaginitis
B)female orgasmic disorder
C)spectatoring
D)frigidity

Question 60

During the ________ phase, pleasurable sensations peak and the body discharges its accumulated sexual tension in a burst of muscular contractions.

A)male climacteric
B)excitement
C)orgasm
D)plateau

Question 61

Strong emotions trigger the ________ nervous system, which can interfere with your ability to achieve sexual ________.

A)parasympathetic; resolution
B)parasympathetic; orgasm
C)sympathetic; arousal
D)sympathetic; orgasm

Question 62

Sexual scripts, gender roles, and the double standard

A)are essential for healthy development
B)are more rigid today
C)are less rigid today
D)pose no difficulty for individuals

Question 63

Ever since Fabian failed to get an erection with his wife three weeks ago, he has been worried about not being able to satisfy her sexual needs.As a result of this ________, he has been going to bed late to avoid facing his fears.

A)orgasmic dysfunction
B)spectatoring
C)sensate focusing
D)performance anxiety

Question 64

Sexual learning that includes "what to do, when, where, how, and with whom" is known as sexual ________.

A)standards
B)norms
C)scripts
D)gender roles

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT emphasized in Masters and Johnson's model for sexual therapy?

A)focus on the individual with the problem
B)investigation of physiological and psychosocial factors
C)relationship focus
D)specific behavioral techniques

Question 66

The belief that Rebecca is responsible for stopping Jeremy's advances and that she is expected to refrain from sexual activity before marriage while Jeremy is directly and indirectly encouraged to engage in a lot of sexual activity is an example of ________.

A)androgyny
B)androcentrism
C)the double standard
D)performance anxiety

Question 67

Your friend Mario asks you why his wife does not get sexually aroused when her doctor checks her breasts for cancer, but becomes easily aroused when Mario performs the same "procedure" on her breasts.The BEST answer would be that Mario's wife is probably ________.

A)lying about her lack of arousal at the doctor's office
B)heterosexual, and seeing a female doctor
C)reacting to different sexual scripts
D)faking arousal with Mario

Question 68

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions are PRIMARILY due to primarily psychological factors?

A)premature (early)ejaculation
B)female sexual interest/arousal disorder
C)vaginismus
D)all of these options

Question 69

The fear of being judged in connection with sexual behavior is called ________.

A)self-induced sexual pressure
B)performance anxiety
C)sexual phobia
D)expectation neurosis

Question 70

With regard to sexuality, ________ is the set of beliefs, values, and norms that subtly encourage male sexuality and discourage female sexuality.

A)the double standard
B)androsexism
C)paternalism
D)the book called The Rules

Question 71

Vaginismus is defined in your textbook as ________.

A)a lack of interest in sex
B)involuntary spasms that interfere with penetration
C)a lack of orgasmic capability
D)an unusually excessive interest in sex

Question 72

The parasympathetic branch of the nervous system must be in control during sex.Both men and women who experience ________ regarding sex have this difficulty due to sympathetic nervous system domination.

A)premature ejaculation
B)anorgasmia
C)performance anxiety
D)the refractory period

Question 73

The part of the nervous system that responds reflexively to stroking or touching of the genitals is the ________.

A)hypothalamus
B)cerebral cortex
C)peripheral nervous system
D)spinal cord

Question 74

The ________ branch of the nervous system is dominant during sexual arousal, whereas the ________ branch is dominant during orgasm and ejaculation.

A)parasympathetic; sympathetic
B)autonomic; somatic
C)central; peripheral
D)cerebral; spinal

Question 75

Hilary and Clint are seeing a therapist for their sexual difficulties.Their homework assignment this week is to caress each other while communicating what is pleasurable to each of them, and to avoid setting any performance goals.This is called the ________ exercise.

A)Kegel
B)spectatoring
C)sensate focus
D)mutual massage

Question 76

________ refers to the inability to get or maintain an erection firm enough for intercourse.

A)Performance anxiety
B)Erectile disorder
C)Orgasmic disorder
D)Vaginismus

Question 77

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions is MOST likely to have an organic cause?

A)erectile disorders
B)premature (early)ejaculation
C)sexual aversion
D)male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Question 78

With regard to sexuality, spectatoring is the act of ________.

A)watching others engage in sex for the purpose of improving your own performance
B)videotaping yourself engaged in sex for the purpose of improving your future performance
C)mentally watching and evaluating responses during sex
D)watching pornographic videos to increase arousal and decrease inhibitions about sexuality

Question 79

Regarding the effects of drugs on sexual arousal, which of the following is INCORRECT?

A)Alcohol can inhibit arousal.
B)Tobacco decreases the frequency and duration of erections and vaginal lubrication.
C)Barbiturates increase sexual desire but reduce testosterone levels.
D)Cocaine and amphetamines can decrease erections and vaginal lubrication, and inhibit orgasm.

Question 80

Sexual scripts ________.

A)are learned, socially constructed guidelines for our sexual interactions
B)occur only amongst repressed cultures
C)are genetically encoded in the primitive areas of the brain, such as the limbic system
D)are rarely followed