Deck 3: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

Question 1

Which of the following definitions is consistent with massive hemoptysis?

A) 400 mL in 3 h
B) 400 mL in 12 h
C) 600 mL in 48 h
D) 600 mL in 72 h

Answer 1

400 mL in 3 h

Question 2

Which of the following conditions are least likely to be associated with acute dyspnea in children?

A) Asthma
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Croup

Answer 2

Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

Which of the following mechanisms does explain why patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have a poor cough?
1) Weak muscles of breathing
2) Increased elastic recoil
3) Airway obstruction
4) Decreased lung compliance

A)1 and 3
B)1 and 4
C)2 and 3
D)2 and 4

Answer 3

1 and 3

Question 4

Dyspnea is defined as:

A) a visible increase in the work of breathing.
B) an increase in respiratory rate and depth.
C) breathlessness as perceived by the patient.
D) difficulty breathing in the upright position.

Question 5

A patient presents in the emergency department with blood-tinged sputum. The term associated with such sputum is:

A) gelatinous.
B) hemoptysis.
C) hematemesis.
D) mucopurulent.

Question 6

Hemoptysis in a patient with sudden onset of chest pain who is at risk for venostasis is suggestive of which of the following conditions?

A) Pneumonia
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Myocardial infection
D) Atelectasis

Question 7

What term is used to describe secretions strictly from the lungs and lower airways?

A) Phlegm
B) Sputum
C) Mucus
D) Empyema

Question 8

Which of the following grading systems is useful in qualifying the degree of dyspnea?

A) Murray lung injury score
B) Modified Borg scale
C) Dubowitz score
D) Asthma score

Question 9

In the presence of nausea and vomiting, a history of cirrhosis of the liver suggests which of the following organs as the source of hematemesis?

A) Kidneys
B) Duodenum
C) Esophagus
D) Liver

Question 10

Which of the following are considered complications of forceful coughing?
1) Rib fracture
2) Pneumothorax
3) Pleural effusion
4) Torn chest muscle

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)2, 3, and 4
D)1, 2, and 4

Question 11

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is associated commonly with which of the following conditions?

A) Asthma
B) COPD
C) CHF
D) Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 12

Which of the following clinical conditions most commonly causes a chronic cough?

A) Postnasal drip
B) Viral infection
C) Upper airway infection
D) Bronchopulmonary disease

Question 13

Which of the following is the best definition of sputum?

A) Secretions
B) Thick tenacious secretions
C) Secretions from the lungs and lower airways
D) Secretions from the nose, mouth, and tracheobronchial tree

Question 14

Breathing at a rate and depth in excess of the body's metabolic need is known as:

A) hyperventilating.
B) hyperpnea.
C) platypnea.
D) psychogenic dyspnea.

Question 15

Dyspnea tends to occur when which of the following is present?

A) Work of breathing that is adequate for a given level of exertion
B) Decrease in ventilatory drive to breathe
C) Increase in ventilatory capacity
D) Increase in ventilatory drive to breathe

Question 16

Which of the following diseases is one of the most common causes of chronic dyspnea in adults?

A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 17

Which of the following sequences of events best describes the cough mechanism?

A) Inspiration, closure of glottis, forceful opening of glottis
B) Opening of glottis, relaxation of diaphragm, closure of glottis
C) Inspiration, forceful opening of glottis, contraction of diaphragm
D) Opening of glottis, contraction of diaphragm, explosive release of trapped intrathoracic air

Question 18

Excessive sputum production is associated with which of the following conditions?
1) Pneumothorax
2) Cigarette smoking
3) Airway infection
4) Pleural infection

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)1 and 4
D)2 and 3

Question 19

Which of the following terms best describes foul-smelling sputum?

A) Fetid
B) Mucoid
C) Purulent
D) Mucopurulent

Question 20

Which of the following conditions is believed to be the most common cause of hemoptysis?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Erosive bronchitis
C) Bronchogenic carcinoma
D) Pneumonia

Question 21

Gastroesophageal reflux is caused by:

A) high activity levels in gastric muscles.
B) blockage of the duodenum.
C) abnormal opening of the pyloric sphincter.
D) abnormal opening of the cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter.

Question 22

The presence of early morning headache may be caused by which of the following conditions?

A) Hypoglycemia
B) Anoxia
C) Hypoxemia
D) Hypercapnia

Question 23

You are a respiratory therapist working in a pediatrician's office. You see a 16-year-old girl who presents with two chief complaints but otherwise appears to be healthy. The complaints are (1) extremely heavy menstrual bleeding and (2) severe dyspnea following relatively mild exercise. The dyspnea has been getting progressively worse over the past 3 months. Which of the following laboratory studies would you suggest to the physician in order to determine the cause of the dyspnea?

A) Pulmonary function studies
B) Hemoglobin and hematocrit studies
C) Sputum culture and sensitivity studies
D) Chest x-ray

Question 24

A patient is being evaluated for surgery. The therapist hears rales in the lung bases and notes prominent swelling of the ankles. She presses a finger into the edema and notices that a depression remains when she lifts her finger away. The depression is clearly visible for slightly more than 1 min. This would be classified as pitting edema:

A) 1+.
B) 2+.
C) 3+.
D) 4+.

Question 25

A sharp, "viselike" chest pain radiating usually down the left arm and possibly spreading to the shoulders, neck, and jaw is called:

A) pleuritic pain.
B) thoracic pain.
C) angina.
D) epigastric pain.

Question 26

The peak incidence of snoring occurs at what age range in adult males?

A) 60 to 64
B) 50 to 59
C) 51 to 55
D) 45 to 50

Question 27

A patient comes to the emergency department following an episode of unexpected syncope. In order to determine the potential cause, which of the following could contribute valuable information?
1) A sensation of an irregular heartbeat or history of cardiac arrhythmias
2) The medications taken
3) The activities at the time of the episode
4) The time of day the syncope occurs

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)2, 3, and 4
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 28

A patient presents at the physician's office with a complaint of severe, aching pain in her right leg. An examination of the patient's lower body reveals that the right ankle is badly bruised and severely swollen. The patient states that she fell 2 days ago and "sprained" her ankle but did not seek medical attention at that time. She has been mostly either sitting or lying down since the accident. Her leg pain and swelling could be due to:
1) Her sprained ankle.
2) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in her right leg.
3) A side effect from the bruising.
4) Early chronic bronchitis.

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)2, 3, and 4
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 29

Cough syncope is associated most often with which of the following types of patients?

A) Middle-aged men with underlying COPD
B) Pregnant women
C) Children with asthma
D) Older obese men with diabetes

Question 30

Chest pain is the cardinal symptom of which of the following diseases?

A) Heart disease
B) Pleural disease
C) Chest wall disease
D) Neuromuscular disease

Question 31

What is the difference between pleuritic and nonpleuritic chest pain?

A) Pleuritic pain is inspiratory; nonpleuritic pain is expiratory.
B) Pleuritic pain is sharp and stabbing; nonpleuritic pain is dull and crushing.
C) Pleuritic pain usually involves the pleura; nonpleuritic pain involves the lungs.
D) Pleuritic pain involves the lung itself; nonpleuritic pain involves the chest wall.

Question 32

A patient who appears emaciated presents to the emergency department with a history of low-grade, intermittent, afternoon fevers; frequent, paroxysmal bouts of coughing; hemoptysis; and night sweats. The following should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis (a list of possible disease states that could account for the observed signs and symptoms):
1) Tuberculosis.
2) Pneumonia.
3) Some types of cancers.
4) Pleuritic chest pain.

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)2, 3, and 4
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 33

Snoring is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

A) COPD
B) Obesity
C) Asthma
D) Edema

Question 34

An inability to breathe while lying down is known as:

A) dyspnea.
B) platypnea.
C) orthopnea.
D) PND.

Question 35

The presence of anasarca is associated commonly with which of the following conditions?

A) Dyspnea
B) Edema
C) Hepatomegaly
D) Pleural effusion

Question 36

Which of the following conditions is often associated with right heart failure?

A) Organomegaly
B) Hepatomegaly
C) Loud A2 heart sound
D) Shallow breathing

Question 37

What is the most common manifestation of infection in a patient with pulmonary disease?

A) Fever
B) Cough
C) Diaphoresis
D) Increased sputum production

Question 38

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as reflux that occurs more than:

A) twice a month.
B) once a month.
C) twice a week.
D) once a week.

Question 39

Which of the following pulmonary conditions are associated with syncope?
1) Pulmonary embolism
2) Prolonged bouts of coughing
3) Hyperoxia
4) COPD

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)1 and 4
D)2 and 3