Deck 38: Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Question 1

Which characteristic of a postural muscle is a result of having substantial amounts of type I muscle fibres?

A) Resists fatigue
B) Rapid response time
C) Little contractibility
D) Lacks a fascia lining

Answer 1

Resists fatigue

Question 2

How do blood vessels penetrate into the inner structures of the bone?

A) Volkmann canals
B) Canaliculi
C) Sharpey fibres
D) Lamellae

Answer 2

Volkmann canals

Question 3

Which ions within a myofibril directly control the contraction of muscles?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium

Answer 3

Calcium

Question 4

Hydroxyapatite found in bone matrix contains a combination of which molecules in its crystalline structure?

A) Calcium and magnesium
B) Calcium and phosphate
C) Phosphate and magnesium
D) Magnesium and hydrogen

Question 5

When describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Fibrous
D) Diarthrosis

Question 6

During which stage of muscle contraction does actin bind to myosin?

A) Coupling
B) Relaxation
C) Discharging
D) Excitation

Question 7

After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and _____ merge.

A) epiphyseal line
B) diaphyseal plate
C) metaphysis
D) articular cartilage

Question 8

Which tissue layer bundles muscle fibres into fascicles in skeletal muscle?

A) Tendon sheath
B) Endomysium
C) Epimysium
D) Perimysium

Question 9

Once their initial function is complete, what do osteoblasts become?

A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Chondroblasts
D) Osteoids

Question 10

The skeletal muscles are encased in a connective tissue framework made of:

A) bone.
B) epithelium.
C) fascia.
D) cartilage.

Question 11

A nurse recalls that fibrous joints generally allow for what type of movement?

A) Rotation
B) Slight movement, if any at all
C) Free movement
D) No movement, due to calcification

Question 12

What is the major difference between compact and spongy bone?

A) Organization of the structural elements
B) Location within the body
C) Activating chemicals in each
D) Types of minerals in the bone matrix

Question 13

Between which structures will you find a synchondrosis that contains costal cartilage?

A) Vertebrae
B) Ribs and sternum
C) Sutures of the skull
D) Facial bones

Question 14

What type of joint normally exists between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible?

A) Symphysis
B) Diarthrosis
C) Gomphosis
D) Syndesmosis

Question 15

Which component of the bone matrix gives bone its tensile strength?

A) Calcium
B) Phosphate
C) Collagen
D) Magnesium

Question 16

Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest?

A) Calcium
B) Troponin
C) Actin
D) Myosin

Question 17

Clusters of which type of bone cells are responsible for bone remodelling?

A) Trabeculae
B) Osteoclastic cutting cones
C) Basic multicellular units
D) Haversian system cells

Question 18

A nurse recalls that the freely moveable joint is an example of which type of joint?

A) Amphiarthrosis
B) Diarthrosis
C) Synarthrosis
D) Symphysis

Question 19

Which of the following should the nurse include when discussing the different types of cartilaginous joints?

A) Sutures and gomphosis
B) Syndesmosis and gomphosis
C) Symphysis and synchondrosis
D) Gomphosis and synchondrosis

Question 20

The structure of the contractile subunit of the myofibril is called the:

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) actin.
C) motor end plate.
D) sarcomere.

Question 21

Which molecules are parts of the bone matrix? (Select all that apply.)

A) Collagen fibres
B) Elastin fibres
C) Proteoglycans
D) Glycoproteins
E) Epithelial cells

Question 22

The nursing student has a good understanding of glycoproteins when he states which of the following glycoproteins are present in the bone? (Select all that apply.)

A) Osteocalcin
B) Sialoprotein
C) Bone albumin
D) Alpha-glycoprotein
E) Collagen

Question 23

Which terms are used to refer to skeletal muscle anatomy? (Select all that apply.)

A) Epimysium
B) Striated
C) Fascicles
D) Lacunae
E) Lamellae

Question 24

What is the main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction?

A) Potassium
B) Lactic acid
C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D) Actin

Question 25

Which of the following shapes represent bone classifications? (Select all that apply.)

A) Long
B) Flat
C) Short
D) Irregular
E) Round

Question 26

What term identifies a muscle that is acting as a prime mover?

A) Flexor
B) Recruiter
C) Antagonist
D) Agonist

Question 27

The structures present in compact bone include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Haversian canals
B) Trabeculae
C) Canaliculi
D) Lamellae
E) Lacunae

Question 28

What does the term "sarcopenia" describe?

A) Absence of muscle cells
B) Fatigue of muscle cells
C) Age-related loss in skeletal muscle
D) Muscles that are unable to contract

Question 29

The nurse observed that the patient's muscle contracted, but the limb did not move. How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?

A) Isotonic contraction
B) Isometric contraction
C) Eccentric contraction
D) Concentric contraction