Deck 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Question 1

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?

A) Haustral
B) Lower esophageal
C) Pyloric
D) Ileocecal valve

Answer 1

Ileocecal valve

Question 2

A young male student becomes very hungry during class. He begins thinking of a cheeseburger and fries, his favourite meal. These thoughts will trigger which phase of gastric secretion?

A) Cephalic
B) Gastric
C) Enteral
D) Intestinal

Answer 2

Cephalic

Question 3

The blood supply of the large intestine is derived from which vessel(s)?

A) Celiac
B) Superior and inferior mesenteric
C) Hepatic and portal
D) Omental

Answer 3

Superior and inferior mesenteric

Question 4

Digestion begins in the mouth with salivary $\alpha$ -amylase (ptyalin) that initiates the digestion of:

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) fats.
D) amino acids.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva?

A) IgG
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgA

Question 6

Which reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes overdistended?

A) Ileogastric
B) Gastroduodenal
C) Gastroileal
D) Gastrocolic

Question 7

When a patient experiences regurgitation from the stomach into the esophagus, the nurse expects which sphincter to be malfunctioning?

A) Pyloric
B) Upper esophageal
C) Cardiac
D) Gastric

Question 8

In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into:

A) unconjugated bilirubin.
B) biliverdin.
C) conjugated bilirubin.
D) urobilinogen.

Question 9

Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) Chief
B) Parietal
C) Zymogenic
D) Surface epithelial

Question 10

What is the location of the vermiform appendix?

A) Attached to the duodenum
B) Near the ileum
C) Attached to the cecum
D) On the terminal portion of the sigmoid colon

Question 11

Which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the:

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) vagus nerve.
D) glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 12

What stimulates mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach?

A) Somatostatin
B) Gastrin
C) Prostaglandins
D) Histamine

Question 13

The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic:

A) canaliculi.
B) ducts.
C) sinusoids.
D) papillae.

Question 14

Food is moved down the esophagus via what process?

A) Peristalsis
B) Retropulsion
C) Haustral segmentation
D) Defecation

Question 15

The primary bile salts are synthesized from _______ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi.

A) lecithin
B) fatty acids
C) cholesterol
D) testosterone

Question 16

Which of the following liver cells are phagocytic?

A) Glisson
B) Kupffer
C) Meissner
D) Lieberkühn

Question 17

When parasympathetic nervous system activity is inhibited what is the expected effect on salivary glands?

A) Hyperactive function
B) Hypoactive function
C) Atrophy
D) Enlargement

Question 18

The ________ sphincter controls the movement of waste from the sigmoid colon into the rectum?

A) oddi
B) ileocecal
C) O'Beirne
D) internal anal

Question 19

Where does absorption of nutrients from the intestine initially occur?

A) Mesentery
B) Villi
C) Lamina propria
D) Splenic veins

Question 20

The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually during or immediately after eating.

A) gastrocolic
B) ileocolic
C) duodenocolic
D) cephalocolic

Question 21

Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions?

A) Hormonal inhibition
B) Enzyme secretion
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Decreased bicarbonate production

Question 22

The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete:

A) bicarbonate.
B) enzymes.
C) mucus.
D) electrolytes.

Question 23

Which cells does the exocrine portion of the pancreas contain?

A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Acinar cells
D) Islets of Langerhans

Question 24

The GI tract performs which of the following processes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Absorption of digested food
B) Chemical breakdown of food particles
C) Initiates erythropoiesis
D) Mechanical breakdown of food particles
E) Secretion of mucus

Question 25

What substrate does the pancreas produce that prevents the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas itself?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Secretin
D) Trypsin inhibitor

Question 26

Which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Sphincter of Oddi
C) Ampulla of Vater
D) Ileocecal valve