Deck 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Question 1

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would support a child's diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?

A) Pyuria, fever, and abdominal pain
B) Proteinuria, hypotension, and ascites
C) Dysuria, urinary frequency, and abdominal tenderness
D) Gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension

Answer 1

Gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension

Question 2

An infant male has a urethral opening that is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Anterior epispadias
B) Posterior epispadias
C) Exstrophy of the bladder
D) Bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 2

Anterior epispadias

Question 3

A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?

A) Proteinuria
B) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C) Hematuria
D) Sodium loss

Answer 3

Proteinuria

Question 4

Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. How will the nurse document this condition?

A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Hydroureter
D) Cryptorchidism

Question 5

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Tests reveal the deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries. The nurse will monitor for recurrent:

A) infections.
B) hematuria.
C) vomiting.
D) enuresis.

Question 6

What term is used to describe a chronic kidney failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys?

A) Renal dysplasia
B) Renal agenesis
C) Hypoplastic kidney
D) Renal aplasia

Question 7

Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. These abnormalities support which diagnosis?

A) Unilateral renal agenesis
B) Potter syndrome
C) Renal aplasia
D) Renal dysplasia

Question 8

A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumour. Which clinical condition is often associated with this disease?

A) Cystic disease of the liver
B) Aniridia
C) Anemia
D) Hypothyroidism

Question 9

A 7-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for incontinence. His mother indicates that he has never been continent before. This history supports which form of enuresis?

A) Nocturnal
B) Diurnal
C) Primary
D) Secondary

Question 10

What term is used to describe a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

A) Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
B) Vesicourethral reflux
C) Vesicoureteral influx
D) Hydronephrosis

Question 11

A 6-year-old male diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces. This condition would be graded:

A) I.
B) II.
C) III.
D) IV.

Question 12

When a child is admitted with acute kidney failure, a clinician realizes the most common cause of acute kidney failure is:

A) glomerulonephritis.
B) obstruction.
C) nephrotic syndrome.
D) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

Question 13

A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumours. A nurse knows the tumours are found in the:

A) kidneys.
B) ureters.
C) bladder.
D) urethra.

Question 14

In addition to a mass, the child with Wilms tumour may also exhibit which assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

A) Abdominal swelling
B) Enuresis
C) Hematuria
D) Weight gain
E) Fever

Question 15

A 7-year-old is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which sign would support this diagnosis?

A) Constipation
B) Vesicular skin rash
C) Frothy urine
D) Jaundice

Question 16

A 15-year-old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A) Poststreptococcal infection
B) Nephropathy
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Potter syndrome

Question 17

What is the life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis expected to be?

A) Death within 1 year of birth
B) A fairly normal, healthy life
C) Death within a few hours of birth
D) Good when anomalies are corrected with surgery

Question 18

If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed _____ nephrotic syndrome.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) idiopathic

Question 19

A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:

A) bone.
B) gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
C) respiratory tract.
D) ear.