Deck 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Question 1

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria. These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?

A) Acute cystitis
B) Renal calculi
C) Chronic kidney failure
D) Postrenal kidney failure

Answer 1

Acute cystitis

Question 2

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A) Atrophy of the remaining kidney
B) Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney
C) Dysplasia in the remaining kidney
D) Kidney failure

Answer 2

Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

A) decreased renal blood flow.
B) decreased peritubular capillary pressure.
C) dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the blockage.
D) stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 3

dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to the blockage.

Question 4

A 75-year-old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis?

A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence

Question 5

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers that the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

A) urine pH.
B) body temperature.
C) gender.
D) serum mineral concentrations.

Question 6

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?

A) Alpha-blocker
B) Beta-blocker
C) Vasodilator
D) Diuretic

Question 7

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

A) Streptococcus
B) Candida albicans
C) Chlamydia
D) Escherichia coli

Question 8

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?

A) Magnesium
B) Struvite
C) Calcium
D) Phosphate

Question 9

A 45-year-old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic kidney failure. What is the cause of this patient's anemia?

A) Red blood cells being lost in the urine
B) Inadequate production of erythropoietin
C) Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
D) Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus

Question 10

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

A) Bladder
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal tubules
D) Glomerulus

Question 11

What is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis?

A) Cystitis
B) Renal cancer
C) Urinary tract obstruction
D) Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

What is acute glomerulonephritis after an infection primarily caused by?

A) Swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria.
B) Immune complex deposition occurs in the glomerular capillaries with inflammatory damage.
C) Inflammatory factors from autoimmunity stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells.
D) There is an accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Question 13

A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?

A) Kidney stones
B) Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
C) Inadequate renal blood flow
D) Obstruction of the proximal tubule

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction. Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?

A) Anuria
B) Hematuria
C) Pyuria
D) Flank pain

Question 15

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition centre, which condition would the nurse expect?

A) Dyssynergia
B) Detrusor hyper-reflexia
C) Detrusor areflexia
D) Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

Question 16

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of kidney failure is this patient at risk for?

A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Question 17

A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptoms associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of kidney failure is this patient experiencing?

A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Question 18

A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is a common cause of urinary obstruction?

A) Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B) Formation of renal calculi
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Increased bladder compliance

Question 19

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. What is the most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart?

A) Cystitis
B) Chronic pyelonephritis
C) Acute glomerulonephritis
D) Renal calculi

Question 20

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Oliguria
D) Proteinuria

Question 21

Mechanisms for defence against urinary pathogens in men include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) The long length of the urethra
B) The alkaline pH of urine
C) The secretion of mucus that traps bacteria
D) The antimicrobial secretions from the prostate
E) The implantation of the ureters in the bladder

Question 22

Why are bone fractures a risk factor in chronic kidney failure?

A) Calcium is lost in the urine.
B) Osteoblast activity is excessive.
C) The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D.
D) Autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop.

Question 23

When a 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic kidney failure, which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?

A) Fats
B) Complex carbohydrates
C) Proteins
D) Sugars