Deck 20: Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Question 1

A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm, and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar?

A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophil

Answer 1

Eosinophil

Question 2

What are the most abundant cells in the blood?

A) Leukocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Thrombocytes

Answer 2

Erythrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following assessment findings is most likely to occur following a splenectomy?

A) Leukocytosis
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Decreased red blood cell count
D) Decreased platelets

Answer 3

Leukocytosis

Question 4

A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse describing?

A) Hematopoietic
B) Pluripotent
C) Blastocyst
D) Progenitor

Question 5

What is the predominant phagocyte seen in early inflammation?

A) Eosinophil
B) Lymphocyte
C) Macrophage
D) Neutrophil

Question 6

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A) In the liver
B) In bone marrow
C) In the kidneys
D) In the spleen

Question 7

Which cytokines participate in hematopoiesis?

A) Stimulating factors (CSFs)
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) Neutrophils

Question 8

An adult patient's blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage?

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Basophil
D) Lymphocyte

Question 9

After birth, where are erythrocytes made?

A) In the liver
B) In the spleen
C) In bone marrow
D) In the kidney

Question 10

Which type of white blood cell contains preformed granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine?

A) Neutrophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Basophil

Question 11

While checking laboratory results, the nurse remembers that the normal leukocyte count is:

A) 1 to 2 * 10⁹/L.
B) 5 to 10 * 10⁹/L.
C) 4.2 to 6.1 * 10¹²/L.
D) 1.2 to 2.2 *10¹²/L.

Question 12

In addition to playing a role in hemostasis, what do platelets have the ability to do?

A) Stimulate bone marrow production of erythrocytes.
B) Release biochemical mediators of inflammation.
C) Undergo cell division in response to bleeding.
D) Activate a humoral response.

Question 13

Which of the following nutritional components will the nurse encourage a patient to consume as it is needed for erythropoiesis?

A) Vitamin B₁₂
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin D
D) Zinc

Question 14

What is recycled iron bound to for transportation to the bone marrow?

A) Ferritin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Hemosiderin
D) Apotransferrin

Question 15

Which condition will cause a patient to secrete erythropoietin?

A) Low blood pressure
B) Hypercarbia
C) Inflammation
D) Hypoxia

Question 16

When monocytes mature, what do they become?

A) Macrophages
B) Neutrophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Mast cells

Question 17

Why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during an infection?

A) Lymphocytes are rapidly dividing.
B) Edema accumulates within the fibrous capsule.
C) Micro-organisms are accumulating.
D) The nodes are not functioning properly.

Question 18

Where does fetal hematopoiesis occur?

A) Red bone marrow
B) The kidney
C) The pancreas
D) The spleen

Question 19

Where is the greatest proportion of total body iron located?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Spleen pulp
C) Bone marrow
D) Liver tissue

Question 20

An unstable type of hemoglobin that cannot bind with oxygen is termed:

A) deoxyhemoglobin.
B) oxyhemoglobin.
C) methemoglobin.
D) glycosylated hemoglobin.

Question 21

When a staff member asks how erythrocytes can carry oxygen, the nurse should describe which of the following properties that allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

A) Biconcavity
B) Reversible deformability
C) Undergoes mitotic division
D) Presence of many mitochondria
E) Presence of a nucleus

Question 22

What is fibrinolysis mediated by?

A) Heparin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Plasmin
D) Albumin

Question 23

A nurse is caring for an older adult. Which of the following are true regarding the hematological system and aging? (Select all that apply.)

A) Total serum iron is decreased.
B) Total iron-binding capacity is decreased.
C) Intestinal iron absorption is decreased.
D) Lymphocyte function is unchanged.
E) Platelet aggregation is unchanged.

Question 24

Which electrolyte will the nurse check to ensure normal platelet functioning?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Magnesium
D) Calcium

Question 25

A nurse is caring for a patient whose blood cannot clot. Which end product of the clotting cascade is this patient unable to make?

A) Collagen
B) Fibrinogen
C) Thrombin
D) Fibrin