Deck 12: Managing Change

Question 1

When managers introduce the change,they must decide whether change will occur from the top down or from the bottom up.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Induced organizational change refers to planned changes within the organization in terms of strategy,technology,human resources,and organizational structure.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Top-down change is implemented gradually.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The last step in the change process is to evaluate how successful the change effort has been in improving organizational performance.

Question 5

Moving from a 'bricks and mortar' to a 'clicks and mortar' organization presents few challenges for today's managers.

Question 6

Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness.

Question 7

Appreciative inquiry builds a vision of the future of the organization on its current strengths and core competencies.

Question 8

Kurt Lewin identified a three-step model that organizations could use to manage change.

Question 9

An organization's present strategy and structure can be powerful obstacles to change.

Question 10

People who take responsibility for managing change initiatives are known as change makers.

Question 11

Building on Lewin's three-step model,John Kotter,a professor at Harvard University,created a more detailed eight-step plan for implementing change.

Question 12

Assessing the need for change calls for two important activities: recognizing that there is a problem and identifying its source.

Question 13

When the City of Toronto legislated a ban on smoking in restaurants,all organizations had to accept that change and implement strategies that targeted smokers.This is an example of induced organizational change.

Question 14

Step two in the process of change includes identifying obstacles and resistance to change.

Question 15

Complexity theory suggests that organizations respond best to fundamental change if they are poised on the "edge of chaos"; that is,not perfectly aligned with their environments.

Question 16

Bottom-up change is typically implemented quickly.

Question 17

The first step in managing the organizational change process involves deciding on the change to make.

Question 18

A performance gap is not a good indicator of the need for change.

Question 19

Planned new institutional arrangements made to gain a competitive advantage is change that is induced.

Question 20

The first step in managing the organizational change process involves assessing the need for change.

Question 21

Individuals do not naturally resist change,they embrace it.

Question 22

Which type of change refers to planned new institutional arrangements and policies in response to changes in the task-specific and general organizational environment?

A)Agent change
B)Technological change
C)Induced change
D)Imposed change
E)Structural change

Question 23

In an inert culture,employees are content to be told what to do and have little incentive or motivation to perform beyond minimum work requirements.

Question 24

The steps in Lewin's model of change involve unfreezing the status quo,moving to the new state,and refreezing the new change to make it permanent.

Question 25

The term social innovation refers to finding new ways of solving social problems such as poverty,homelessness,and food security.

Question 26

Innovation is the recruiting and training of entrepreneurs within an organization.

Question 27

Complexity theory suggests that fixed notions such as mission statements,developing core competencies,and leadership may be suitable for firms operating in a stable environment but have little relevance to those confronting the necessities for fundamental change to remain competitive today.

Question 28

Forces that prevent movement away from the status quo are termed restraining forces.

Question 29

Refreezing balances the driving and restraining forces to prevent the old state from arising again.

Question 30

Complexity theory suggests that organizations respond best to fundamental change if they are poised on the "edge of chaos."

Question 31

An inert culture fosters creativity and innovation.

Question 32

There are five essential elements for managing change in a unionized environment.

Question 33

Entrepreneurs are the people who notice opportunities and take responsibility for mobilizing the resources necessary to produce new and improved goods and services.

Question 34

A skunkworks is a group of intrapreneurs who are highly integrated into several aspects of the normal operation of an organization.

Question 35

An adaptive culture that encourages positive attitudes and behaviours fosters creativity and innovation.

Question 36

To manage change in a unionized environment it is important to resolve day-to-day issues and establish new problem-solving arrangements.

Question 37

Entrepreneurs are employees of existing organizations who notice opportunities for product or service improvements and are responsible for managing the development process.

Question 38

Forces that direct behaviour away from the status quo are termed driving forces.

Question 39

Organizations with strong cultures have difficulty adapting to change.

Question 40

Organizations with entrepreneurial,flexible cultures,such as high-tech companies,are much easier to change than are organizations with more rigid cultures such as those sometimes found in large bureaucratic organizations.

Question 41

Which of the following is true of intrapreneurs?

A)Many intrapreneurs become dissatisfied in an organization that does not support their creativity
B)Many intrapreneurs will eventually leave their employers
C)Many intrapreneurs eventually start their own organizations
D)Many intrapreneurs become entrepreneurs
E)All of the choices are correct

Question 42

Organizational change can bring alterations in the ways managers carry out the critical tasks of which of the following?

A)Planning
B)Organizing
C)Leading
D)Controlling
E)competing

Question 43

The "C" series regional jet from Bombardier exemplifies which type of organizational change?

A)Agent change
B)Technological change
C)Strategic change
D)Imposed change
E)Structural change

Question 44

When the Trudeau government illegalized marijuana in October 2018,organizations were forced to accept the change and implement strategies to protect the public from its abuse.This exemplifies which type of organizational change?

A)Agent change
B)Technological change
C)Induced change
D)Imposed change
E)Structural change

Question 45

Which model of change uses the "Four D's"?

A)Lewin's model of change
B)Kotter's model of change
C)Chaos theory
D)Complexity theory
E)Appreciative inquiry

Question 46

An adaptive culture is represented by all but which of the following?

A)Encourages positive attitudes
B)Encourages positive behaviours
C)Fosters creativity
D)Fosters innovation
E)Encourages resistance to change

Question 47

Resistance to change can be overcome by all of the following except:

A)Improving communication
B)Empowering employees
C)Increasing cynicism
D)Emphasizing big-picture goals
E)Inviting employees to participate

Question 48

What is the first step involved in the organizational change process?

A)Decide on the change to make
B)Assess the need for change
C)Introduce and manage the change
D)Use benchmarking to compare performance
E)Overcome obstacles,and evaluate the effectiveness of the change

Question 49

Generally speaking,the __________ an organization is,the __________ is the change process.

A)More complex; less routine
B)less complex; less routine
C)Less complex; more complex
D)More complex; more complex
E)Less complex; more obstructed

Question 50

What are the steps involved in the organizational change process?

A)Decide on the change to make,identify the obstacles,introduce the change,and evaluate
B)Assess the need for change,decide on the change to make,implement the change,and evaluate
C)Assess the need for change,introduce and manage the change,identify and overcome obstacles to the change,and evaluate
D)Use benchmarking to compare performance,implement the top-down change,overcome obstacles,and evaluate
E)Use benchmarking to compare performance,implement the bottom-up change,overcome obstacles,and evaluate

Question 51

__________ in an organization involves any changes in the way the organization is designed,planned,and controlled including how authority is allocated and how departments and activities are integrated and coordinated.

A)Agent change
B)Technological change
C)Induced change
D)Imposed change
E)Structural change

Question 52

Which type of change refers to new institutional arrangements set out by changes in legislation force change in order to comply with the new rules?

A)Agent change
B)Technological change
C)Induced change
D)Imposed change
E)Structural change

Question 53

Which is NOT true of bottom-up change?

A)It is implemented quickly
B)Top managers consult with lower managers about the need for change
C)Lower level managers work with employees to plan the change
D)It reduces uncertainty
E)It reduces resistance to change

Question 54

A manager who takes ownership of a project and provides the leadership and vision that take a product from the idea stage to the final customer is called a(n):

A)Product Supervisor
B)Skunkwork Leader
C)Product Champion
D)Innovator
E)Product Follower

Question 55

An inert culture is represented by which of the following?

A)Encourages positive attitudes
B)Encourages positive behaviours
C)Fosters creativity
D)Fosters innovation
E)Encourages resistance to change

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT true of evaluating the success of a change?

A)Measures can be used to compare how well the organization is performing after the change with how well it was performing before the change
B)The success depends on whether the change is from the top down or the bottom up
C)Measures could include profits
D)Measures could include market share
E)Benchmarking could be used as a measure of success

Question 57

Recent research has suggested that all of the following are essential elements for managing change in unionized environments in Canada,except:

A)Creating an effective system for resolving day-to-day grievances
B)Creating a jointly administered education process
C)Creating a jointly developed strategic vision for the organization
D)Creating a nontraditional problem-solving method of negotiating collective agreements
E)Creating a way to threaten power relationships

Question 58

Managers can use all of the following to measure the success of the change,except:

A)benchmarking
B)changes in market share
C)changes in profits
D)changes in competition
E)changes in the ability of managers to meet their goals

Question 59

Janju wanted to change the way things happened in the customer service department.According to Lewin's model Janju must first:

A)Unfreeze
B)Move
C)Maintain the status quo
D)Refreeze
E)Construct a process-engineering group

Question 60

Padmina wanted to be sure that the changes she had recently overseen stayed in place.She created a bonus system to reward those who followed the new procedures.From the perspective of Lewin's model of change,this is an example of:

A)Unfreezing
B)Moving
C)Changing the status quo
D)Refreezing
E)Skunkworks

Question 61

In terms of Lewin's model of change,changing the status quo occurs during the __________ stage.

A)unfreezing
B)moving
C)refreezing
D)driving force
E)restraining force

Question 62

Each of the following is an organizational element that can be changed,except:

A)People
B)Strategy
C)Technology
D)Structure
E)Competition

Question 63

Which of the "Four D's" of appreciative inquiry (AI)flows from the dreaming stage,allowing members to develop a common vision of what qualities the organization will have and how it will be structured?

A)Delegation
B)Dreaming
C)Design
D)Delivery
E)Doubt

Question 64

Which of the "Four D's" of appreciative inquiry (AI)draws on the strengths identified in the discovery step,to enable employees to envision possible futures for the organization?

A)Delegating
B)Dreaming
C)Designing
D)Delivery
E)Distributing

Question 65

Factors that direct the organization away from the status quo are termed __________ forces.

A)driving
B)restraining
C)refreezing
D)industry
E)permanent

Question 66

All of the following are true of a social entrepreneur,except:

A)Social entrepreneurs seek to mobilize resources to solve social problems through creative solutions
B)Muhammad Yunus,founder of the Grameen Bank,is a social entrepreneur
C)Social entrepreneurs are motivated by the desire to help others and the environment
D)Social entrepreneurs pursue initiatives and opportunities to address social problems and unmet needs in order to improve society and well-being
E)Social entrepreneurs assume minimal risk projects only,but shy away from substantial risk initiatives

Question 67

When shifts in the shared set of beliefs,expectations,values,norms,and work routines influence how members of an organization relate to one another and work together to achieve organizational goals,this is known as what type of change?

A)Structural change
B)Technological change
C)Strategic change
D)Cultural change
E)Eclectic change

Question 68

All of the following are true statements describing entrepreneurs,except:

A)They notice opportunities
B)They are risk adverse
C)The can effectively mobilize resources
D)They can see new and improved ways to use resources
E)They are creative

Question 69

Explain the two primary reasons why individuals resist change.

Question 70

All of the following are included in appreciative inquiry (AI),except:

A)Discovery
B)Dreaming
C)Design
D)Doubt
E)Destiny

Question 71

The first four steps of Kotters' model of change relate to Lewin's concept of which of the following?

A)Unfreezing
B)Moving
C)Refreezing
D)Dreaming
E)Destiny

Question 72

Which of the following is the first step in the organizational change process?

A)They must decide on what the ideal future state of the organization would be
B)They must assess the need for change
C)They must decide if the structure should be changed
D)They must engage in planning how they can best create the ideal future state
E)They must identify sources of resistance to change

Question 73

All of the following are examples of a social entrepreneur,except:

A)Someone who developed inexpensive,efficient public transportation.
B)Someone who designed a website for sharing electronic fictional and non-fictional books for the school system to use free of charge.
C)Someone who discovered more efficient ways to harvest grains in third world countries.
D)Someone who designed an innovative solution to tracking lost pets.
E)Someone who provides micro credit to poor rural people to start businesses.

Question 74

Discuss how managers can introduce and manage change from the top-down and from the bottom-up.

Question 75

To achieve the state of being on the "edge of chaos," managers must do all but which of the following?

A)Decrease channels of communication
B)Not set specific objectives
C)Rotate people regularly
D)Avoid overreliance on the management team
E)Avoid excessive "fit"

Question 76

Identify and briefly describe the three steps in Lewin's model of change.Identify and briefly describe the two sets of forces that operate throughout this model.

Question 77

Compare inert and adaptive cultures.

Question 78

Compare imposed and induced organizational change.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT true for managers deciding on the second step in the change process?

A)They must decide on what the ideal future state of the organization would be
B)They must assess the need for change
C)They must decide if the structure should be changed
D)They must engage in planning how they can best create the ideal future state
E)They must identify sources of resistance to change

Question 80

In terms of Lewin's model of change,making the change permanent occurs during the __________ stage.

A)unfreezing
B)moving
C)refreezing
D)driving force
E)restraining force