Deck 2: The Contest for North America

Question 1

French motives in the New World included the desire to

A) establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops.
B) convert Indians to Protestantism.
C) compete with Spain for an empire in America.
D) provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle.
E) compete with Portugal for an empire in America.

Answer 1

compete with Spain for an empire in America.

Question 2

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Reformation, (B) founding of Jamestown colony, (C) Restoration, (D) defeat of the Spanish Armada, and (E) colony of Georgia founded.

A) A, B, C, D, E
B) C, A, D, B, E
C) D, A, B, C, E
D) A, D, B, C, E
E) E, D, A, C, B

Answer 2

A, D, B, C, E

Question 3

The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was in

A) Newfoundland.
B) St. Augustine.
C) Jamestown.
D) Roanoke Island.
E) Massachusetts Bay.

Answer 3

Roanoke Island.

Question 4

The Indians suffered from their association with the French in New France in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) exclusion from the fur business.
B) decimation of their numbers by the white man's diseases.
C) violation of their religious beliefs about slaughtering animals.
D) debauchery by the white man's alcohol.
E) weakening of their traditional way of life.

Question 5

The French wanted to control the interior basin of Louisiana because they

A) liked its climate.
B) wanted to keep the area unfortified.
C) sought to block imperial encroachment by Spain in the Gulf of Mexico region.
D) feared Dutch expansion into the territory.
E) saw it as a dumping ground for undesirables.

Question 6

During the early settlement of Quebec, the actions of Samuel de Champlain

A) illustrated a lack of French interest in developing political and economic relations with Indian tribes of the region.
B) led to France's lasting alliance with the Iroquois tribes.
C) were marked by tension and violence with the Hurons.
D) included forging a pivotal alliance with the Hurons that inspired the lasting hatred of the Iroquois.
E) angered the government of King Louis XIV of France.

Question 7

The population in Catholic New France grew very slowly because

A) French peasants had no economic motive to move to the colonies.
B) the Protestant Huguenots refused to move there.
C) the French government was more concerned with its South American colonies.
D) disease took a heavy toll on New France's inhabitants.
E) of constant attacks by the Huron Indians.

Question 8

Identify the statement that is false.

A) England took little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies in the first half of the 16^th century.
B) English society was disrupted by religious conflict when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s.
C) The Protestant Reformation resulted in years of a seesaw of the balance of power between Catholics and Protestants throughout England.
D) Spain and England were long-time and bitter enemies in the first half of the 16^th century.
E) When Elizabeth ascended to the English throne in 1558, the rivalry with Spain intensified.

Question 9

England's defeat of the Spanish Armada

A) led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies.
B) allowed England to take control of Spain's American colonies.
C) demonstrated that Spanish Catholicism was inferior to English Protestantism.
D) helped to ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
E) occurred despite weather conditions, which favored Spain.

Question 10

Identify the statement that is false.

A) England's victory over the Spanish Armada helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
B) England never experienced any religious unity or stability as it continued to have years and years of bloody warfare over religious radicalism.
C) England's victory over the Spanish Armada started England on its way to becoming master of the world oceans.
D) England had a strong, unified national state under a popular monarch.
E) England had a strong vibrant sense of nationalism and national destiny.

Question 11

Government in New France (Canada) was

A) almost completely autocratic.
B) democratic.
C) similar to that of the English colonies.
D) noted for its trial by jury.
E) free from the king's control.

Question 12

The coureurs de bois and the voyaguers

A) were critical French military divisions that helped France gain and retain political control of Québec.
B) were allied with Jesuit missionaries in achieving similar goals and objectives for the Indians in New France.
C) played critical roles in recruiting local Indian tribes to develop the French fur business in New France.
D) declined to utilize regional Indian tribes to advance their economic goals and objectives in New France.
E) failed to influence the economic development of New France in any significant way.

Question 13

The Jesuit priests, despite their initial failure in gaining converts, played a vital role because

A) of the many converts to Catholicism.
B) of the health care they provided.
C) they made peace with the Indians.
D) they encouraged the Indians to participate in the fur trade.
E) of their exploration and work as geographers.

Question 14

The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as

A) firm but fair.
B) better than their treatment of any English subjects.
C) the prime example of salutary neglect.
D) violent and unjust.
E) supportive of their Catholic faith.

Question 15

The soldier and explorer whose leadership in establishing French colonies earned him the title "Father of New France" was

A) Samuel de Champlain.
B) Robert de La Salle.
C) Antoine Cadillac.
D) Des Moines.
E) Edward Vincennes.

Question 16

Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the

A) War of Spanish Succession.
B) defeat of the Spanish Armada.
C) loss of Brazil.
D) Treaty of Tordesillas.
E) conquest of Mexico by Portugal.

Question 17

Which word best describes England's efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire?

A) indifferent
B) competitive
C) aggressive
D) domineering
E) influential

Question 18

The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the

A) large number of troops committed by both sides.
B) lack of Indian participation.
C) carryover of European tactics to America.
D) use of primitive guerrilla warfare.
E) advanced technology used during the warfare.

Question 19

The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the

A) Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610.
B) French at Quebec in 1608.
C) English at Jamestown in 1607.
D) English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621.
E) French at Saint Augustine in 1611.

Question 20

France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the

A) Protestant takeover of the French government.
B) end of the religious wars.
C) revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
D) St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
E) Seven Years' War.

Question 21

When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he

A) halted the rapid population decline.
B) re-established better relations with the Indians.
C) brought many Irish immigrants with him.
D) died within a few months of his arrival.
E) imposed a harsh military regime on the colony.

Question 22

The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would

A) receive land parcels of 40 acres each.
B) enjoy freedom of religion.
C) be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England.
D) retain the rights of Englishmen.
E) conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government.

Question 23

A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the

A) marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe.
B) mass killing of the entire Powhatan tribe.
C) English agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the Powhatan tribe.
D) Powhatan tribe agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the English.
E) agreement of John Rolfe and Pocahontas to divorce.

Question 24

Pocahontas saved Captain John Smith by

A) agreeing to marry him.
B) interposing her head between his and his captor's clubs.
C) pleading with her father on Smith's behalf.
D) nursing him back to health after a battle with her tribe.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 25

____ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.

A) The ancestry laws
B) The laws of primogeniture
C) joint-stock companies
D) laws of inheritance
E) treaty of the elders

Question 26

Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as

A) very limited.
B) saving the colony from collapse.
C) persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold.
D) worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians.
E) reducing the terrible death toll.

Question 27

Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped in order to

A) impress Smith with his power and show the Indian's desire for peace.
B) demonstrate the Indians' desire for war.
C) punish Smith for refusing to marry Pocahontas.
D) hold him for a large ransom to be paid by King James.
E) save the Virginia community from utter collapse.

Question 28

The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as

A) halting white settlement on the frontier.
B) returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands.
C) making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples.
D) ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society.
E) bringing together areas of white and Indian settlement.

Question 29

Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because

A) they had neither weapons nor fishing gear.
B) their fear of Indians prevented them from venturing too far from the town.
C) they were unaccustomed to fending for themselves and wasted time looking for gold.
D) they lacked leaders to organize efficient hunting and fishing parties.
E) there were not enough gentlemen to organize the work force.

Question 30

The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by

A) starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids.
B) economic prosperity.
C) constant fear of Spanish invasion.
D) major technological advancement.
E) peace with the Native Americans.

Question 31

On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a

A) unified national state.
B) measure of religious unity.
C) sense of nationalism.
D) popular monarch.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 32

All of the following provided motives for English colonization except

A) unemployment.
B) thirst for adventure.
C) desire for markets.
D) desire for religious freedom.
E) need for a place to exploit slave labor.

Question 33

After the Second Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribe

A) were banned from their ancestral lands by the 1646 peace treaty.
B) were forced to live in separate designated areas away from white settlers.
C) were isolated in an early form of what would become the reservation system.
D) were considered extinct by the English in 1685.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 34

All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up EXCEPT

A) a large population boom.
B) enclosing crop lands, thus forcing small farmers off the land.
C) increasing unemployment.
D) economic depression hit, displacing thousands of farmers.
E) desolate cities with a decreasing population.

Question 35

Of the 400 settlers who managed to make it to Virginia, only 60 survived the "starving time" winter of

A) 1601-1602.
B) 1609-1610.
C) 1621-1622.
D) 1634-1635.
E) 1645-1646.

Question 36

The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they

A) died in large numbers from European diseases.
B) lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites.
C) were no longer a resource for food once the Virginians began growing their own crops.
D) were not a reliable labor source and could be disposed of without harming the colonial economy.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 37

The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by

A) a joint-stock company.
B) a royal proprietor.
C) Queen Elizabeth II.
D) the law of primogeniture.
E) an expanding wool trade.

Question 38

Relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan were at first conciliatory, but remained tense, especially

A) when the English attempted to capture all the Indians from his tribe.
B) as the Indians attempted to assimilate into the English culture.
C) as the starving colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies.
D) when the Indians joined tribes in the Powhatan Confederacy to unite against the English.
E) when Powhatan allied with the Spanish.

Question 39

Identify the statement that is false.

A) The Powhatans were extremely resistant to European-borne maladies, unlike their other Indian counterparts.
B) The Powhatans, despite their apparent cohesiveness, lacked the unity with which to make effective opposition to the well-organized whites.
C) The Powhatans served no economic function for the Virginia colonists.
D) Once the English settlers began growing their own food crops, the Powhatans had no valuable commodities to offer them in commerce.
E) The Indian presence frustrated the colonists, they desperately wanted their land.

Question 40

The spirit of the English on the eve of colonization included all of the following EXCEPT

A) restlessness.
B) limited patriotism.
C) curiosity about the unknown.
D) thirst for adventure.
E) self-confidence.

Question 41

The Indians who had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were

A) those living on the Atlantic seaboard.
B) those in Florida.
C) inland tribes such as the Algonquians.
D) those in Latin America.
E) the Pueblos.

Question 42

What international event contributed to a flowering of English nationalist spirit?

A) the defeat of the Spanish Armada
B) the seven years' war
C) the discovery of North America
D) the creation of the Dutch East-Indies Company
E) the settling of Jamestown

Question 43

Who was the "Father of New France"?

A) Charles II
B) Louis XIV
C) Henry Hudson
D) Jacques Cartier
E) Samuel de Champlain

Question 44

Which explorer founded Detroit?

A) Antoine Cadillac
B) Peter Stuyvesant
C) Henry Hudson
D) The Duke of York
E) Charles II

Question 45

Which U.S. state was part of Louisiana

A) Missouri
B) Virginia
C) California
D) Rhode Island
E) Maryland

Question 46

What was the primary activity of Spanish settlements in Florida and New Mexico?

A) military
B) economic
C) missionary
D) exploration
E) fur-trading

Question 47

Who were the coureurs de bois?

A) French military leaders who fought the Spanish
B) French fur-trappers in North America
C) French monarchs who funded colonies in New France
D) French colonists seeking religious freedom
E) English soldiers who surrendered to the French

Question 48

Which European power settled the first enduring colony in the New World?

A) Spain
B) Sweden
C) France
D) England
E) Portugal

Question 49

The biggest disrupter of Native American life was

A) introduction of horses.
B) loss of culture.
C) disease.
D) fire arms.
E) the formation of new tribes.

Question 50

Who did the French crown grant limited toleration to with the Edict of Nantes in 1598?

A) Catholics
B) French Protestants
C) Dutch traders
D) English Puritans
E) Spanish missionaries

Question 51

Why were French peasants reluctant to leave for New France?

A) They couldn't afford the sea voyage.
B) They believed the colonies were religiously intolerant toward Catholics.
C) They did have the necessary farming skills.
D) They didn't want to be far from Rome.
E) they were afraid it was cold and dangerous.

Question 52

Why was the charter of the Virginia colony significant?

A) It ended the English civil war.
B) It guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights as English-men.
C) It established self-governance for the colonists.
D) It reduced taxes on colonists in English territories.
E) It recognized the right of the Dutch to settle in North America.

Question 53

What was one of the legacies of the Dutch in the colony of New York?

A) a spirit of fierce individualism
B) religious intolerance
C) an autocratic spirit
D) liberal values
E) preference for urban development

Question 54

What was the first enduring Spanish settlement in the Southwest?

A) Santa Fe
B) Mexico City
C) Austin
D) New Iberia
E) San Diego

Question 55

What was the main driving force of French exploration into the interior of North America?

A) missionary aspirations
B) the search for beaver pelts
C) empire building
D) the large influx of colonists from France
E) orders from the monarchy

Question 56

The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas; from this they

A) were forced to move to the west.
B) became sedentary forest dwellers.
C) died out.
D) lost their oral traditions.
E) became nomadic hunters.

Question 57

Which colony was defeated by the Dutch during a bloodless siege in 1655?

A) New York
B) New Amsterdam
C) New England
D) New Sweden
E) New France

Question 58

Who was the director-general who defeated the Swedish, but ultimately surrendered to the English?

A) Lord Baltimore
B) Charles II
C) Peter Stuyvesant
D) Duke of York
E) Henry Hudson

Question 59

What was one problem faced by the Dutch colonies?

A) religious persecution within the colony
B) attacks from the Iroquois
C) crop failures and mass starvation
D) military aggression from the Swedish
E) shareholders demanded dividends at the expense of the colony's welfare

Question 60

In addition to their religious activities, what role did Jesuits often play in the New World?

A) generals
B) fur-traders
C) explorers
D) soldiers
E) colony shareholders

Question 61

Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, and (D) Maryland.

A) A, C, B, D
B) B, D, C, A
C) C, D, B, A
D) D, C, B, A
E) C, B, A, D

Question 62

The colony of Georgia was founded

A) by a joint-stock company.
B) as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas.
C) by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II.
D) in the 17^th century.
E) to supply New England with much-needed African slaves.

Question 63

In the face of devastating diseases, war and dislocation, what strategy did dwindling Native American tribes use to survive?

A) poisoning food supplies of colonists encroaching on tribal lands
B) adding captive colonists as tribal members to increase their numbers
C) merging with other tribes
D) embracing the reservation system
E) converting to Christianity

Question 64

By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies

A) based their economies on the production of staple crops for export.
B) practiced slavery.
C) provided tax support for the Church of England.
D) had few large cities.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 65

All of the following characteristics generally described the colonists of North Carolina EXCEPT they were

A) poorer than the aristocratic neighbors in Virginia and South Carolina
B) resistant to authority and independent-minded
C) irreligious
D) sympathetic to Indian tribes
E) sturdy and adaptable to their physical environment

Question 66

The first failed English colony was

A) St. Augustine.
B) Jamestown.
C) New York.
D) Baltimore.
E) Roanoke.

Question 67

The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as

A) friendly.
B) neutral.
C) hostile.
D) promoting interracial marriage.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 68

All of the following were results of the Tuscarora War EXCEPT

A) the crushing of the Tuscarora Indians by British colonists in North Carolina.
B) the sale of hundreds of Tuscarora Indians into slavery by the victorious British colonists in North Carolina.
C) Indian survivors of the Tuscaroran War wandering northward to seek protection from the Iroquois.
D) The Tuscarora Indians eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy.
E) a cessation of all armed conflicts and hostilities between Indians and British colonists throughout the Carolinas.

Question 69

Georgia's founders were determined to

A) conquer Florida and add it to Britain's empire.
B) create a haven for people imprisoned for debt.
C) keep Georgia for Catholics.
D) restrict the colony to British citizens.
E) establish slavery.

Question 70

What was the goal of the Powhatans during the Second Anglo-Powhatan War?

A) aid the English in their war with New France
B) expand their dominance over the Iroquois
C) dislodge the colonists at Jamestown
D) force the English to negotiate better trade deals
E) exact a land tax from the English settlers

Question 71

During the 1500s, England had little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies because

A) it was Spain's ally.
B) it suffered from internal religious conflict.
C) the French had already established their presence overseas.
D) Henry VIII did not seek to increase England's power.
E) they did not have distractors to come.

Question 72

All of the English plantation colonies in the South

A) permitted some religious toleration.
B) generally relied on the commercial export of profitable staple crops such as rice and tobacco.
C) permitted slavery after 1750.
D) lacked the development of large cities.
E) all of the choices

Question 73

Which of the following characteristics distinguished the community of Charleston, South Carolina?

A) Charleston was religiously diverse community composed of French Protestant refugees, Jews, Catholics, and Anglicans.
B) Charleston was dominated by "squatters."
C) Charleston lacked an aristocratic elite dominating the community.
D) Charleston lacked a viable, busy seaport.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 74

Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) its unhealthy climate.
B) early restrictions on black slavery.
C) Spanish attacks.
D) John Oglethorpe's leadership.
E) lack of a plantation economy.

Question 75

Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar in that they were all

A) economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products, often a staple crop.
B) proprietary colonies.
C) founded after the restoration of Charles II to the throne.
D) founded as refuges for persecuted religious sects in England.
E) able to live in peace with the Native Americans.

Question 76

The purpose of the periodic "mourning wars" was

A) to avenge the deaths of Huron warriors.
B) to stop the spread of European settlements.
C) the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians.
D) to break up the Iroquois Confederacy.
E) the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees.

Question 77

The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was

A) Powhatan.
B) Handsome Lake.
C) Pocahontas.
D) De La Warr.
E) Pontiac.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society?

A) Two families would live together in one longhouse.
B) When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her family.
C) Women dominated Iroquois society.
D) All men's connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line.
E) Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence.

Question 79

The defeat and the dispersal of the Yamasee Indians by South Carolinians in 1715

A) resulted in the devastation of virtually all of the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies by about 1720.
B) proved to be a short-lived victory for the South Carolina colonists, as the Yamasees re-grouped and regained their lost coastal lands with the help of their Cherokee, Creek, and Iroquois allies.
C) prompted the weakened Cherokees, Creeks, and Iroquois to abandon their settlements in the hills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains and move westward.
D) proved to be very unpopular among the many Carolinian colonists sympathetic to the Yamasee Indians.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 80

What was the Spanish Armada?

A) the second wave of Spanish settlers in the Southwest
B) an alliance between Spanish colonies against English aggression
C) an alliance between Spanish missionaries and the military
D) the navy of the Spanish empire
E) the collective name for the Spanish explorers in Central America