Deck 38: The Resurgence of Conservatism

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of Saddam Hussein.

Answer 1

Dictator of Iraq who invaded Kuwait.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of Margaret Thatcher.

Answer 2

First female prime minister of the United Kingdom.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of Walter Mondale.

Answer 3

Democratic presidential candidate nominee who lost to Reagan in 1984.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of George Herbert Walker Bush.

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of Sandra Day O'Connor.

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of Michael Dukakis.
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Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of Boris Yeltsin.

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of Geraldine Ferraro.

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of Edward Kennedy.

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of Clarence Thomas.

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of Jesse Jackson.

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of Perestroika.
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Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of Ronald Reagan.

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of Nelson Mandela.

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of Anita Hill.

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of "supply-side" economics.

Question 17

Mikhail Gorbachev
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Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of Jerry Falwell.

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of Jimmy Carter.

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of Manuel Noriega.
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Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of pro-choice/pro-life.

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the New Right.

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of Reaganomics.

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the Sandinistas.

Question 25

In the 1980 national elections

A) Edward Kennedy challenged incumbent President Carter for the nomination of the Democratic party.
B) although Ronald Reagan won the presidency, both houses of Congress still had Democratic party majorities.
C) third-party candidate John Anderson won three states and 17 Electoral College votes.
D) Ronald Reagan won the presidency by the closest margin since the Kennedy-Nixon election of 1960.
E) Reagan led Republicans to majorities in both houses of Congress.

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of identity politics.

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of yuppies.

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars").

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of Grenada.

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the contras.

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of "boll weevils".

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the Moral Majority.

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the rainbow coalition.

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF).

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the Religious Right.

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of Chappaquiddick.

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the "ABC" movement.

Question 38

ethnic cleansing

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the Iran-Contra Affair.

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of Glasnost.
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Question 41

President Ronald Reagan and the new British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, shared all of the following goals EXCEPT

A) limiting the role of government, especially in regulating business.
B) shrinking the power of labor unions.
C) strengthening the Anglo-American alliance.
D) enhancing the role of religion in public life.
E) promoting a muscular foreign policy, especially against the Soviet Union.

Question 42

Ronald Reagan began to abandon his liberal New Deal political philosophy and to espouse a conservative, anti-government line

A) after being elected governor of California.
B) during World War II.
C) when he discovered communist infiltration in Hollywood.
D) when he decided to challenge President Gerald Ford for the Republican presidential nomination in 1976.
E) when he became a spokesman for General Electric.

Question 43

Before being elected president, Ronald Reagan's experience in elected public office had been as

A) senator from California.
B) governor of California.
C) Orange County, California, supervisor.
D) governor of Nevada.
E) U.S. representative from California.

Question 44

The strong tax revolt against extensive government programs and spending was spurred by the passage of Proposition 13 that severely limited property taxes in

A) Arizona.
B) Wisconsin.
C) New Hampshire.
D) California.
E) Oregon.

Question 45

Besides cutting the federal budget, Reagan's other main domestic initiative when he took office was

A) developing new programs to aid business.
B) expanding federally funded social programs.
C) making substantial reductions in marginal tax rates over a period of three years.
D) privatizing the Social Security system.
E) eliminating government regulation of food and drugs.

Question 46

The first results of Reagan's supply-side economics in 1982 were a(n)

A) sharp recession and rise in unemployment.
B) reduced federal deficit.
C) expansion of international trade.
D) economic boom.
E) wave of new business investment.

Question 47

Democrats who opposed the reelection of President Carter complained that he

A) had failed to control double-digit inflation.
B) negotiated the Panama Canal Treaty.
C) had not aggressively pursued civil rights.
D) failed to rescue the hostages in Iran.
E) had removed regulatory controls from major industries.

Question 48

To President Reagan, "the focus of evil in the modern world" was

A) anti-American terrorists.
B) the federal bureaucracy.
C) political liberalism.
D) the Soviet Union.
E) Communist China.

Question 49

Ronald Reagan's essential domestic goal as president was to

A) cut back on military expenditures.
B) remove government interference in people's private lives in such areas as abortion and pornography.
C) dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government.
D) transfer welfare programs to the states.
E) reform public education.

Question 50

In the 1980s, for the first time in the 20^th century

A) income gaps widened between the richest and the poorest Americans.
B) middle-class incomes rose.
C) the poor made economic gains.
D) the economy was uniformly healthy.
E) the majority of Americans were middle class.

Question 51

Despite his failure in the White House, President Jimmy Carter earned widespread admiration in his post-presidential years for his

A) foreign policy speeches.
B) political influence in the Democratic party.
C) humanitarian and human rights activities.
D) advocacy of women's rights.
E) refusal to comment critically on political matters involving his presidential successors.

Question 52

Ronald Reagan's supply-side economic advisers assured him that the combination of budgetary discipline and tax reduction would do all of the following EXCEPT

A) stimulate new investment.
B) deplete overall tax revenues for the federal government.
C) boost productivity.
D) foster dramatic economic growth.
E) reduce the federal budget deficit.

Question 53

One consequence of the record-high deficits and high interest rates of the 1980s was

A) lower energy costs.
B) growing productivity in manufacturing.
C) a soaring value for the dollar.
D) a general demand to raise taxes.
E) new capital investment.

Question 54

Conservative Democrats who helped Ronald Reagan to pass his budget and tax-cutting legislation were called

A) blue dogs.
B) sagebrush rebels.
C) scalawags.
D) neoconservatives.
E) boll weevils.

Question 55

Which of these social issues was NOT an important concern that the New Right hoped to constrict or eliminate through legal action?

A) divorce
B) pornography
C) homosexuality
D) abortion
E) affirmative action

Question 56

The New Right movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by

A) fiscal conservatives.
B) evangelical Christians.
C) gold-standard advocates.
D) Midwesterners.
E) neoconservatives.

Question 57

Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt in that both men

A) disliked big business.
B) championed the common man against vast, impersonal menaces.
C) were raised in wealthy families.
D) favored social engineering by the government.
E) had run for vice president before being elected president.

Question 58

Which of these is NOT a true statement about yuppies?

A) "Yuppies" was a nickname for young, urban professionals in the 1980s.
B) Yuppies symbolized the new income stratification in America.
C) Yuppies were known for their materialism and conspicuous consumption.
D) Yuppies showcased the pursuit of wealth that symbolized the 1980s.
E) Yuppies represented the largest group of working Americans in the 1980s.

Question 59

Edward Kennedy's campaign to take the presidential nomination away from Jimmy Carter in 1980 was handicapped by

A) his poor performance as a senator.
B) a growing dislike for the Kennedys.
C) Carter's popularity.
D) lingering suspicions about his involvement in an automobile accident in which a young woman was killed.
E) his inability to reach beyond New England.

Question 60

In contrast to the Old Right, many New Right activists of the 1980s were most concerned about

A) cultural and social issues.
B) laissez-faire economics.
C) foreign policy.
D) the environment.
E) health care.

Question 61

One of the greatest consequences of Reagan's expansion of the federal debt was to

A) make it harder to get private loans.
B) make foreigners reluctant to accept American bonds.
C) make new social spending practically and politically impossible.
D) undermine the value of the dollar overseas.
E) make further military spending impossible.

Question 62

The Iran-Contra investigations revealed Ronald Reagan as a president who

A) was an intellectual giant.
B) napped through cabinet meetings.
C) was losing his popularity.
D) paid too much attention to detail.
E) planned elaborate foreign-policy moves.

Question 63

The only two places not swept by Ronald Reagan in his 1984 electoral landslide over former Vice President Walter Mondale were

A) Washington State and Hawaii.
B) Minnesota and Wisconsin.
C) Massachusetts and Vermont.
D) Minnesota and the District of Columbia.
E) New York and New Jersey.

Question 64

The Iran-Contra Affair essentially involved

A) hiring Iranian militants to fight for the Contra cause in Central America.
B) selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan Contras.
C) selling arms to both sides in the Iran-Iraq War.
D) secretly recognizing the Iranian regime while claiming to be boycotting it.
E) using both Iranian and Nicaraguan Contra agents to help free American hostages in Lebanon.

Question 65

For the Soviet Union's new policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring) to work, it was essential that the

A) Soviets keep control of Eastern Europe.
B) Communist Party engage in democratic competition.
C) United States and Western Europe sign free trade agreements with the Soviet Union.
D) United States send economic and food aid to the Soviet Union.
E) Cold War end.

Question 66

Members of the religious right

A) were an answer to sixties' radicalism.
B) were opposed to affirmative action.
C) used prayer meetings as a political organizing tool.
D) were also involved in the anti-abortion or "right-to-life" movement.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 67

In his second term, President Reagan departed from the militantly anti-Soviet stance of his first term by

A) joining with Soviet leader Gorbachev to end Soviet-American political and military conflicts in the Third World.
B) supporting Russia if it would let go of the territories held in its Soviet empire.
C) agreeing that the Soviet Union had a legitimate sphere of interest in Eastern Europe.
D) making the Soviet Union a major trading partner of the United States.
E) negotiating and signing nuclear arms reduction agreements with the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 68

The Americans With Disabilities Act

A) passed only when Congress overrode President George H. W. Bush's veto.
B) prohibited discrimination against 43 million citizens facing mental or physical challenges.
C) required the government to hire disabled Americans.
D) provided scholarships and student loans to people with physical or mental disabilities.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 69

One of the more disturbing trends that became apparent in the 1990s was

A) a movement toward more equitable income distribution.
B) a decline in median household incomes and a squeeze on the middle class.
C) an increasing number of working-class Americans now moving into the middle class.
D) a dramatic drop in home ownership and mortgage lending.
E) the solidification of the welfare state.

Question 70

The Democrats' hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving

A) bribes involving business deals in the Soviet Union.
B) election fraud.
C) the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks.
D) kickbacks for oil leases on federal lands.
E) payoffs for U.S. hostages and campaign contributions from foreign corporations.

Question 71

Among the Democrats whom Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis defeated for the party's nomination to run against George Bush in 1988 were

A) Edward Kennedy and Jimmy Carter.
B) Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro.
C) Gary Hart and Jesse Jackson.
D) Bill Clinton and Albert Gore.
E) Paul Simon and Lloyd Bentsen.

Question 72

Which of the following was NOT among the ways that the religious right of the 1980s imitated the tactics and approaches of the New Left of the 1960s?

A) "making the personal political"
B) practicing identity politics
C) seizing control of colleges and universities
D) using small group sessions to raise consciousness
E) engaging in tactics of street protest and civil disobedience

Question 73

As one consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union

A) religious rivalries in Russia ended.
B) Solidarity rose in Poland.
C) the entire European continent became more stable.
D) long-suppressed ethnic hatreds flared in the former Soviet republics.
E) the rivalry between Russia and China ended.

Question 74

The first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party was

A) Elizabeth Dole.
B) Sandra Day O'Connor.
C) Jeanne Kirkpatrick.
D) Geraldine Ferraro.
E) Janet Reno.

Question 75

In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a "new world order" where

A) Russia would join the democratic West in containing communist China.
B) the United States would serve as policeman for the world.
C) the U.N. Security Council would assert sovereignty over the rival nation-states.
D) NATO would guarantee security and peace in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
E) democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry.

Question 76

The explosive Senate hearings that nearly prevented Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas from being confirmed involved charges that Thomas was guilty of

A) racial discrimination.
B) smoking marijuana and snorting cocaine.
C) plagiarism.
D) sexual harassment.
E) disrespecting civil liberties and the First Amendment.

Question 77

Solidarity was

A) the slogan of the Southern Democrats who supported Reagan.
B) a massive working-class labor union of Polish dissidents.
C) the mutual pledge between Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher to confront the Soviet Union.
D) the slogan of the new religious right organization, the Moral Majority.
E) a song widely used by the revived U.S. labor movement of the 1980s.

Question 78

In the cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court

A) severely restricted abortion to the first two months of pregnancy.
B) permitted states to put some restrictions on abortion, while fundamentally upholding the abortion rights decision of Roe v. Wade.
C) overturned Roe v. Wade.
D) declared that the issue of legalized abortion should be completely determined by the states.
E) invalidated states' restrictions on abortion as contrary to the fundamental abortion rights decision of Roe v. Wade.

Question 79

The result of the Persian Gulf War was that

A) Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power.
B) the United States and Iraq bogged down in a stalemate in the desert.
C) the United States won the war with air power alone.
D) Saddam Hussein retained political control of Kuwait but was prevented from overthrowing the rulers of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
E) Saddam Hussein was overthrown by rebel Iraqis who received American aid.

Question 80

The United States joined its allies in the Persian Gulf War in order to

A) regain control of the Middle East oil supply.
B) roll back Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
C) demonstrate that the U.S. military could conduct a major ground war thousands of miles from its home bases.
D) support Israel against the growing threat from the Arab states.
E) guarantee a permanent U.S. naval presence in the Middle East.