Deck 37: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Question 1

Food is moved down the esophagus via what process?

A) Peristalsis
B) Retropulsion
C) Haustral segmentation
D) Defecation

Answer 1

Peristalsis

Question 2

In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into:

A) unconjugated bilirubin.
B) biliverdin.
C) conjugated bilirubin.
D) urobilinogen.

Answer 2

conjugated bilirubin.

Question 3

The ________ sphincter controls the movement of waste from the sigmoid colon into the rectum?

A) oddi
B) ileocecal
C) O'Beirne
D) internal anal

Answer 3

O'Beirne

Question 4

Which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the:

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) vagus nerve.
D) glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 5

Which of the following liver cells are phagocytic?

A) Glisson
B) Kupffer
C) Meissner
D) Lieberkühn

Question 6

Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of:

A) somatostatin.
B) gastrin.
C) prostaglandins.
D) histamine.

Question 7

Digestion begins in the mouth with salivary $\alpha$ -amylase (ptyalin) that initiates the digestion of:

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) fats.
D) amino acids.

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva?

A) IgG
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgA

Question 9

The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic:

A) canaliculi.
B) ducts.
C) sinusoids.
D) papillae.

Question 10

The blood supply of the large intestine is derived from which vessel(s)?

A) Celiac
B) Superior and inferior mesenteric
C) Hepatic and portal
D) Omental

Question 11

Which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Sphincter of Oddi
C) Ampulla of Vater
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 12

The primary bile salts are synthesized from _______ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi.

A) lecithin
B) fatty acids
C) cholesterol
D) testosterone

Question 13

Absorption of nutrients from the intestine occurs initially through the:

A) mesentery.
B) villi.
C) lamina propria.
D) splenic veins.

Question 14

Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) Chief
B) Parietal
C) Zymogenic
D) Surface epithelial

Question 15

The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually during or immediately after eating.

A) gastrocolic
B) ileocolic
C) duodenocolic
D) cephalocolic

Question 16

A young male student becomes very hungry during class.He begins thinking of a cheeseburger and fries, his favorite meal.These thoughts will trigger which phase of gastric secretion?

A) Cephalic
B) Gastric
C) Enteral
D) Intestinal

Question 17

When parasympathetic nervous system activity is inhibited what is the expected effect on salivary glands?

A) Hyperactive function
B) Hypoactive function
C) Atrophy
D) Enlargement

Question 18

Which reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes overdistended?

A) Ileogastric
B) Gastroduodenal
C) Gastroileal
D) Gastrocolic

Question 19

The vermiform appendix is attached to the:

A) duodenum.
B) ileum.
C) cecum.
D) sigmoid colon.

Question 20

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?

A) Haustral
B) Lower esophageal
C) Pyloric
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 21

The GI tract performs which of the following processes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Absorption of digested food
B) Chemical breakdown of food particles
C) Initiates erythropoiesis
D) Mechanical breakdown of food particles
E) Secretion of mucus

Question 22

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:

A) alpha cells.
B) beta cells.
C) acinar cells.
D) islets of Langerhans.

Question 23

The pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Secretin
D) Trypsin inhibitor

Question 24

Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions?

A) Hormonal inhibition
B) Enzyme secretion
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Decreased bicarbonate production

Question 25

The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete:

A) bicarbonate.
B) enzymes.
C) mucus.
D) electrolytes.