Deck 23: Associations and Interest Groups

Question 1

In most non-commercial or simple societies, the organization and administration of the society is based on

A) ethnic groups.
B) voluntary interest groups.
C) kinship.
D) associations based on achieved qualities.

Answer 1

kinship.

Question 2

What might not be a reason for joining a regional association?

A) they serve as mutual aid societies
B) possible assistance in times of emergencies
C) social prestige in the wider community
D) scholarship aid

Answer 2

social prestige in the wider community

Question 3

The executive positions of the Serrano regional associations of Lima, Peru are generally held by

A) men who have achieved political power in their home towns.
B) the oldest men in the community.
C) men in a prescribed age-set.
D) women.

Answer 3

men who have achieved political power in their home towns.

Question 4

Of the following, which is not a feature of a military association?

A) voluntary membership
B) participation in a war
C) high military rank
D) performance of community services

Question 5

Membership in the Poro and Sande associations

A) has been found in all societies in Africa.
B) is voluntary for all men and women.
C) is legal in Guinea.
D) includes scarification for both male and female members.

Question 6

Associations are

A) groups based on a common territory.
B) groups based on criteria other than kinship or common territory.
C) networks based on non-sari ties that do not form clearly defined groups.
D) groups based on kinship, but not territory.

Question 7

The term "senior-citizen" would designate what type of group?

A) age-grade
B) age-set
C) age association
D) gender-set

Question 8

A(n) __________ is the term for a group of persons of similar age, and the same sex, who move through some, or all, of life's stages together.

A) age-grade
B) age-set
C) age association
D) gender-set

Question 9

The primary objective of the "friendly societies" formed by the wives of Kru migrants in Freetown, Sierra Leone is

A) the replacement of tribal societies with more comprehensive groups.
B) providing a forum for people of different ethnic groups to get to know each other better.
C) the encouragement of local art traditions.
D) providing mutual aid to members.

Question 10

When a male among the Mae-Enga enters a bachelor association,

A) he is finally allowed to copulate with a woman.
B) he can now accept food from a female.
C) he undergoes a "purification."
D) he can no longer participate in organized dances and feasting with his chosen female partner.

Question 11

__________ associations are clubs that bring together migrants from a common geographical background.

A) Geographical
B) Complementary
C) Religious
D) Regional

Question 12

An association that only contains males, and functions to provide men refuge from females is a(n)

A) age-grade.
B) age-set.
C) unisex association.
D) kindred association.

Question 13

Secret associations, such as those in Africa,

A) share all of their secrets with non-members on special occasions.
B) are common in many areas of the world.
C) are not involved in political activities.
D) frequently punish members of the native elite.

Question 14

A group of people who move through all of life's stages together is known as

A) an age-term.
B) an age-grade.
C) a horde.
D) an age-set.

Question 15

Upon receiving a Master's degree, it could be said that a student had gained

A) an achieved quality.
B) an ascribed quality.
C) a partial education.
D) a universally ascribed quality.

Question 16

Friendly societies differ from tribal unions in that their objectives

A) are less stressful to the membership.
B) are confined for the most part to mutual aid.
C) are more commonly known to the community.
D) cause less dissension in the wider community.

Question 17

In societies like the United States, membership in voluntary associations is usually based upon

A) common, achieved interests.
B) universally ascribed qualities.
C) variably ascribed qualities.
D) commonly ascribed qualities.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a common characteristic of associations?

A) a common purpose among members
B) a formal institutional structure
C) different people in one's association are not necessarily in the same association with one another
D) some people are excluded

Question 19

The __________ from Ancash, Peru moved to Lima and lived in slum-like dwellings called __________.

A) serranos / barriadas
B) michoacan / barrios
C) nahuatis / ghettos
D) quechua / urban housing

Question 20

Ethnic associations

A) generally bring together people who live in isolated areas.
B) are generally found in cities.
C) are most often found in places where society is based on kinship.
D) are based on universally ascribed characteristics.

Question 21

Do separate women's associations increase women's status and power?

Question 22

In the U.S. most of the people who join voluntary associations have

A) common, ascribed interests.
B) very little interest in having these associations last long.
C) no jobs so they have the time to be involved in them.
D) common, achieved interests.

Question 23

Anthropologists want to know why different types of associations develop so they can

A) explain why societies fail.
B) understand what the age-set system can do and what the kinship group fails to do.
C) see how cultures need to change.
D) none of the above.

Question 24

Street gangs are like voluntary associations because

A) they have a clear set of values.
B) they have goals.
C) they have group functions.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

The development of women's association has not translated into new power of women in male dominated societies because

A) the society's rules have undergone a lot of change.
B) the women in these associations are not interested in power.
C) their arena is still separate from the men's arena.
D) the women generally keep to themselves.

Question 26

What is a multi-ethnic association? How do the Kafaina associations in Papua, New Guinea function to further involve women in political events?

Question 27

What is the Mae Enga's rationale for separating adolescent males from the women of the society?

Question 28

What is the purpose of the Mae Enga Bachelor association? How does it function?

Question 29

Unisex associations, in which membership is restricted to one's sex, exist in a number of societies and are usually male to

A) allow a chance to strengthen the concept of male superiority.
B) allow men a refuge from females.
C) help initiate men into the group of "mature" men.
D) all of the above.

Question 30

What are the various qualifications for membership in associations? How do they vary? Why are some associations voluntary while others are required?

Question 31

NGOs provide career opportunities for anthropologists because

A) they apply anthropological findings and understanding to the solution of practical problems.
B) they are changing the world and causing a de-unification of the world.
C) they are always affiliated with academic institutions.
D) most of them are declining in importance and anthropologists can save them.

Question 32

Members of the senior generation-set among the Karimojong of Uganda perform all of the following functions except

A) administrative.
B) judicial.
C) priestly.
D) agricultural.

Question 33

The earliest voluntary associations to appear with the development of urbanization are usually

A) age-sets.
B) secret societies.
C) mutual aid societies.
D) political parties.

Question 34

Describe the Karimojong age system. How do the four generation-sets relate to each other?

Question 35

Voluntary associations seem to be more common in stratified and complex societies because

A) the smaller populations in stratified societies would have more friendships this way.
B) money is available to pay for these associations.
C) stratified societies are composed of people with many different interests.
D) none of the above.

Question 36

Many societies use age-sets, which function well because

A) they allow people to do whatever they like, at any time.
B) it is a group of people of similar age and sex who move through life's stages together.
C) when people grow up to a certain age they graduate into a different age-set.
D) studies show they offer opportunities to younger age-sets.

Question 37

Rotating credit associations depend on voluntary compliance to work and once in there is

A) strong social pressure to continue paying regularly.
B) a need to spend money regularly.
C) a desire for riches.
D) an individualistic view of saving.

Question 38

Who must join an Ijaw women's association? What function does it play in a married woman's life?

Question 39

Regional associations are usually found in urban areas because

A) the density of the population can support them.
B) rural areas have thrown them out.
C) these areas attract settlers from rural areas and these associations bring together migrants from common geographic backgrounds.
D) anthropologists are not sure exactly why this happens.

Question 40

The more technologically advanced a society, the

A) more voluntary associations it is likely to have.
B) fewer voluntary associations it is likely to have.
C) less important associations become.
D) more associations based on universally ascribed characteristics it is likely to have.

Question 41

What is the function of a rotating credit association? How does it function?

Question 42

Why do street gangs develop, and why are they violent?