Deck 22: Marital Residence and Kinship

Question 1

Which of the following is most associated with unilineal descent groups?

A) unilocal residence
B) the domination of one sex in contributions to subsistence
C) a money economy
D) the absence of warfare

Answer 1

unilocal residence

Question 2

A __________ is a set or kin whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor or ancestress, but the links back to that ancestor are not specified.

A) kindred
B) moiety
C) lineage
D) clan

Answer 2

clan

Question 3

The Kapauku Papuans have all of the following except

A) patriclans.
B) patrilineages.
C) villages.
D) moieties.

Answer 3

moieties.

Question 4

In a patrilocal residence, who leaves the household so that the married couple lives with or near the husband's parents?

A) son
B) daughter
C) sister
D) brother

Question 5

In a matrilocal society,

A) females frequently exercise power in their kin groups.
B) lines of authority and descent eventually converge.
C) the line of descent occasionally passes through males.
D) males frequently exercise power in their kin groups.

Question 6

With matrilineal descent, a man belongs to the same descent group as his

A) uncle's mother.
B) daughter.
C) brother's daughter.
D) sister's son.

Question 7

__________ descent affiliates an individual with kin related to him or her through men or women.

A) Patrilineal
B) Matrilineal
C) Unilineal
D) Ambilineal

Question 8

What is the least common form of residence pattern?

A) matrilocal
B) bilocal
C) avunculocal
D) neolocal

Question 9

Because of its ego-centered nature, which of the following is least likely to serve as a permanent or persistent group?

A) a matrilineage
B) a patrilineage
C) a kindred
D) an ambilineal descent group

Question 10

In societies with unilineal descent

A) the kin group rarely acts as a unit.
B) all individuals who reside together are considered kin.
C) some very close biological relatives are excluded from one's kin group.
D) no biological relatives are excluded from the kin group.

Question 11

Which is the most common form of marital residence?

A) matrilocal
B) patrilocal
C) bilocal
D) neolocal

Question 12

The form of marital residence in which the married couple lives apart from the relatives of both spouses is

A) patrilocality.
B) matrilocality.
C) neolocality.
D) avunculocality.

Question 13

The term "totem" refers to

A) any object considered taboo.
B) any object with magical powers.
C) an animal or plant name used to refer to a kin group.
D) an identifying mark on one's skin.

Question 14

Most people in the United States practice which kinship system?

A) ambilineal
B) double unilineal descent
C) bilateral
D) unilineal

Question 15

If a society is divided into two unilineal descent groups, anthropologists call each group a

A) moiety.
B) phratry.
C) lineage.
D) parsimony.

Question 16

Which system of kinship terminology is the least complex?

A) Sudanese
B) Crow
C) Iroquois
D) Hawaiian

Question 17

In which system of kinship terminology are the terms for father and father's brother the same, mother and mother's sister the same, as well as mother and mother's brother's daughter?

A) Eskimo
B) Omaha
C) Iroquois
D) Crow

Question 18

Which kinship system is ego-centered; hence it varies with different points of reference (except for brothers and sisters)?

A) unilineal
B) bilateral
C) double-descent
D) ambilineal

Question 19

Neolocality is most likely in which type of society?

A) a society with extended-family households
B) a society with a money economy
C) a food-collecting society
D) a horticultural society

Question 20

What factor has been discovered by Elman Service to explain bilocal residence?

A) a drastic loss of population because of infectious disease
B) population increase due to increased health-care delivery since WWII
C) an indifference to social change by the married couple
D) a complete breakdown of social customs so that the married couple can make the choice on its own

Question 21

The Crow system of kinship terminology mirrors that of the Omaha system because

A) the Omaha is matrilineal and the Crow is partrlineal.
B) the Crow is matrilineal and the Omaha is patrilineal.
C) both are bilateral systems.
D) both are ambilineal systems.

Question 22

A clan is a set of kin in which members believe they are descended from a common ancestor. The difficulty in studying clans is

A) the written records are all but lost.
B) the common ancestor is the only know factor.
C) it only works for patriclans.
D) the links back to the ancestor are not specified.

Question 23

What is the importance of various rules of descent? Describe all three known rules of descent.

Question 24

Contrast the terms "lineage," "clan," "phratry," and "moieties."

Question 25

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is the least complex because

A) it uses the smallest number of terms.
B) all relatives of the same sex in the same generation are referred to by the same term.
C) female cousins and called sister and male cousins are called brother.
D) all of the above.

Question 26

In the U.S., for the most part, when we use the term uncle we do not distinguish between father's brother or mother's brother which includes the concept of

A) delineation by age.
B) consanguineal and affinal kin.
C) delineation by the number of their offspring, your cousins.
D) how close the person is to you.

Question 27

Unilineal descent is when a person is affiliated with a group of kin through links within one sex only, thus

A) unilineal descent is either patrilineal or matrilineal.
B) a person can be confused about who they trace their descent from.
C) a person traces their descent from both parents.
D) none of the above.

Question 28

How does the Hawaiian kinship terminology system classify the relatives of ego? What type of family structure is commonly associated with this system?

Question 29

Which system of kinship terminology has been called the mirror image of the Omaha system?

A) Crow
B) Iroquois
C) Inuit
D) Hawaiian

Question 30

In terms of patterns of marital residence, the pattern most often seen in patrilocal residence is

A) the married couple lives with or near the wife's parents.
B) the married couple lives with or near the husband's parents.
C) the married couple lies nowhere near either in-law.
D) the married couple lives with the wife's parents part of the time and with the husband's parents the rest of the time.

Question 31

What percentage of societies practice neolocal residence? Where is it commonly practiced? Why is it so rare?

Question 32

Anthropologists are not sure why some societies have ambilineal descent groups, but one possible reason is

A) ambilineal descent groups are transformed from unilineal groups under certain conditions.
B) unilineal descent groups are not very effective.
C) some sort of revolution took place.
D) it makes it easier for people to trace their ancestry.

Question 33

In a matrilineal system, females rarely exercise authority in their kin groups. Why is this?

A) females always wanted it this way
B) while it is not an ethnographic fact, it is reality
C) anthropologists are not really sure why
D) it seems created by the structure of society dominated by women

Question 34

Describe the terms clan, phratry, and moiety. How are they related? How are they different?

Question 35

What is a kindred? How does it relate to bilateral kinship?

Question 36

There are rules of descent in anthropology because

A) they need rules to organize families.
B) otherwise there would be no observable patterns.
C) they are a way of explaining how individuals are connected with particular sets of kin.
D) society would not be able to function.

Question 37

Clans become important to a person because you would have support in a life crisis. Other ways include

A) help with lawsuits.
B) help out economically.
C) contribute to a bride price.
D) all of the above.

Question 38

What are the possible advantages of the "lumping" of kin in both the Omaha and Crow systems of kinship?

Question 39

What may women do if a patrilineal society denigrates her too much?