Deck 20: Fungal Serology Parasitic Serology

Question 1

Giardia lamblia
a.can be missed during microscopic examination of the stool because it is excreted only intermittently
b.can be missed in sputum samples because it has a firm attachment to lung cells using glucans
c.has improved diagnosis if cultured prior to PCR
d.is detected by latex agglutination inhibition reactions

Answer 1

can be missed during microscopic examination of the stool because it is excreted only intermittently

Question 2

Toxoplasmosis
a.causes severe problems including eye damage for babies infected in utero
b.is detected by an immunodiffusion assay for the M and F antigens
c.has a capsule that can be visualized with India ink
d.all of the above
e.none of the above

Answer 2

causes severe problems including eye damage for babies infected in utero

Question 3

A mass of hyphae are called
a.conidia
b.chlamydospores
c.mycelium
d.mold

Answer 3

mycelium

Question 4

How is blastomycosis transmitted?
a.from person to person
b.by inhaling spores from disturbed organic matter in wooded areas
c.by mold commonly seen in showers
d.by mold commonly seen on cheese

Question 5

A 40-year-old man has pneumonia and on a chest x-ray showed calcifications that might indicate a neoplasm. He had lived in the Ohio River valley and had worked in a church bell tower cleaning out the pigeon droppings. Do you have any idea about which of the following infections is caused by bird droppings and cause calcifications?
a.Aspergillus fumingatus
b.Cryptococcus neoformans
c.Histoplasma capsulatum
d.Coccidioides immitis

Question 6

A pregnant woman in France is less likely to have toxoplasmosis during her pregnancy than a pregnant woman in the United States because
a.the organism T. gondii does not live in France
b.she is much more likely to have developed Toxoplasmosis prior to her pregnancy
c.consumption of wine with food kills the Toxoplasma gondii
d.women in France have more allergies, which inhibit parasitic infections

Question 7

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci is made by using
a.immunodiffusion against the PCP antigen
b.culture
c.RT-PCR
d.microscopy with direct immunofluorescence

Question 8

Low avidity IgG antibody
a.indicates that an infection that occurred in the distant past
b.never occurs because low avidity antibody is IgM
c.is replaced rapidly by high affinity antibody and so is never seen in diagnostics tests
d.indicates a recent infection

Question 9

Cryptococcus neoformans
a.is seen only in immunocompromised people
b.is often spread by bird droppings
c.can be seen in 10% of people who are HIV infected
d.B and C

Question 10

Histoplasma capsulatum
a.can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised people
b.usually causes a subclinical infection or mild flulike disease
c.is associated with bird droppings
d.all of the above

Question 11

Cryptosporidium parvum
a.is rarely seen in the United States
b.causes pneumonia and is spread by mold from eucalyptus leaves
c.causes watery diarrhea
d.lives in the bloodstream and causes anemia

Question 12

Valley fever is a flulike infection caused by
a.Aspergillus fumingatus
b.Cryptococcus neoformans
c.Aspergillus flavus
d.Coccidioides immitis

Question 13

Candida
a.is never found on healthy skin or mucous membranes
b.causes a genital infection called thrush
c.can cause a bloodborne infection called Candidemia
d.infections are treated with penicillin

Question 14

Which of the following aspergillus infections is associated with wheezing and is most commonly seem in people with cystic fibrosis and asthma?
a.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
b.invasive aspergillus
c.aspergilloma
d.sinus infections
e.cutaneous aspergillosis

Question 15

Pneumocystis jiroveci
a.is a parasite associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised people
b.is a fungus associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised people
c.often occurs in otherwise healthy individuals
d.occurs only in the San Joaquin Valley

Question 16

Worldwide fungal infections are increasing because
a.the number of immunocompromised people is increasing
b.global warming is causing an increase in damp days
c.currently used building materials are more likely to mold than the natural material that formerly was used
d.all of the above

Question 17

Tests for Cryptosporidium parvum are performed using
a.immunodiffusion
b.microscopy and direct immunofluorescence
c.microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence for antibody
d.A and C

Question 18

Fungi are
a.eukaryotic with cell walls made of chitin and glucan
b.prokaryotic with cell walls made of peptidoglycan
c.multicellular in yeast form
d.unicellular in mold form

Question 19

Immunodiffusion uses which of the following in testing for
a.Coccidioides immitis, which uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens
b.Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens
c.Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus galactomannan and b-glucan
d.none of the above

Question 20

The immune system
a.is very effective against parasites, which is the reason that people in the United States have such a low number of parasitic infections
b.has a difficult time against parasites because of antigenic modulation
c.has a very difficult time versus parasites because of antigenic sequestration
d.B and C

Question 21

Which of the following fungi are most likely to be pathogenic?
a.monomorphic and are in mold form
b.monomorphic and are in yeast form
c.thermally dimorphic
d.none of the above

Question 22

The parasitic infection Cryptosporidium parvum is
a.native to India and seen in travelers and immigrants from there
b.native to Malaysia and seen in travelers and immigrants from there
c.seen all over the world and has caused large outbreaks in the United States
d.none of the above

Question 23

A physician in your hospital just sent a sputum sample and a serum sample from a patient who had been in Southern California at a meeting. The patient said that the venue was hot, dry, and dusty. The patient has a fever of 104ºF, a dry cough, muscle aches, and a headache.
What should you do with the samples?
a.perform antibody testing with Ouchterlony against the IDTP antigens
b.culture only if biosafety conditions are used
c.culture under normal conditions
d.A and B
e.A and C

Question 24

On x-ray, a ball appears to be in the lungs of a patient who is coughing up blood. The patient had pneumonia1 year ago and has a job bidding on and selling dusty things from repossessed storage units. Antigen testing shows galactomannan and b-glucan antigens. What do you think is growing in the patient's lungs?
a.Blastomyces dermatitidis
b.Candidemia
c.Coccidioides
d.Aspergillus