Deck 16: Acquired Immunodeficiency Including Hiv and Aids

Question 1

The fact that certain people, although at high risk for HIV infection, do not seroconvert, leads to the realization that CD4 and coreceptors were required for HIV infection. The coreceptors are
a.CXCR4 and CCR5
b.CXCR4 and p41
c.CCR5 and nef
d.CCR5 and pol

Answer 1

CXCR4 and CCR5

Question 2

Neutralizing antibodies
a.do not exist for HIV
b.target the reverse transcriptase
c.target envelop proteins involved in viral entry
d.target the provirus

Answer 2

target envelop proteins involved in viral entry

Question 3

Highly active antiretroviral therapy includes at least
a.four drugs from three different categories
b.three drugs from two different categories
c.four drugs from two different categories
d.three drugs from three different categories

Answer 3

three drugs from two different categories

Question 4

Which of the following is the way that HIV infects the cell?
a.The GP120 on the HIV virion binds CD4 and the TCR of the T cell.
b.The GP 41 on the HIV virion binds the CD4 molecule and CCR5 on the T cell.
c.The GP120 on the virion binds the CD4 and the CCR5 on the T cell.
d.none of the above

Question 5

During infection, in what situations does the HIV patient have a very high viral load in the plasma?
a.just before the first opportunistic infection and at death
b.during acute infection and at death
c.during clinical latency and when first opportunistic infection occurs
d.during acute infection and at the beginning of the latent period

Question 6

In HIV infection,
a.the viral RNA forms a plasmid that stays silent in the host cell until reactivated
b.the viral positive strand RNA is reverse transcribed to negative strand RNA and is integrated into the host genome
c.the single-stranded RNA from the virus is reverse transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome
d.dsRNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome
e.the double-stranded RNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and forms a plasmid until the cell is reactivated

Question 7

Factor(s) that make us think that an HIV vaccine may be of clinical benefit is(are)
a.the titer of antibodies against HIV is positively correlated with length of time of the latent stage
b.the titer of the antibodies was inversely related to the length of the latent stage
c.babies have an immature immune system and a shorter latent time
d.A and C
e.B and C

Question 8

An improvement of the early screening tests for HIV includes the use of
a.electrophoretically separated antigens
b.recombinant or highly purified antigens
c.anti-IgM
d.a 4-fold rise in titers

Question 9

The mutation rate of HIV is due to
a.the Tat gene
b.GP 160
c.the reverse transcriptase
d.the integrase
e.C and D

Question 10

The clinical classification of AIDs is based on
a.CD4+ T-cell counts
b.opportunistic infections
c.malignancies
d.all of the above
e.A and B

Question 11

In terms of HIV, a provirus is the
a.virus before it enters the host cell
b.virus after it has entered the host cell
c.integrated viral RNA
d.integrated viral DNA

Question 12

A positive ELISA result was obtained for a patient in Buffalo, New York. According to the CDC,
a.This is probably a false positive result because there are no HIV cases in Buffalo.
b.This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician.
c.This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, a western blot should be performed; and if positive the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician.
d.A western blot should be performed immediately; if it is positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician.

Question 13

The western blot for HIV uses
a.recombinant HIV antigens and synthetic peptides placed on nitrocellulose
b.HIV antigens that have been electrophoresed into an agarose gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur
c.HIV antigens that has been electrophoresed into a polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur
d.none of the above

Question 14

HIV gp 120 binds to CD4 on
a.T cells
b.macrophages
c.dendritic cells
d.A and C
e.all of the above

Question 15

Does HIV trigger an immune response?
a.no
b.yes, antibody only
c.yes, cell mediated only
d.yes, antibody and cell mediated

Question 16

The CDC suggests the following to reduce the number of HIV cases
a.All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-in policy.
b.All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-out policy.
c.All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test unless they object-an opt-in policy
d.All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test-an opt-out policy

Question 17

To test for HIV viral components during 2011,
a.direct antigen assays for p24 should have been performed
b.real-time RT-PCR could have been performed
c.capture antigen assays for gp120 have been performed
d.competitive antigen assays for p24 could have been performed

Question 18

The high mutation rate of HIV
a.makes vaccine development difficult
b.is associated with resistance to certain drugs
c.A and B
d.none of the above

Question 19

A person who is seronegative for HIV
a.might not have seroconverted yet
b.has HIV
c.is currently testing negative for HIV
d.A and C

Question 20

The number of new cases of HIV
a.is stable in the United States
b.has increased in the United States
c.would decrease if more people who have HIV knew that they did so they can stop spreading it
d.A and C
e.B and C

Question 21

What test(s) can be done at diagnosis to better choose the therapy for a patient with HIV?
a.test for antibody levels
b.test for gp120 levels
c.test for genotypes of resistance
d.B and C

Question 22

Using antiviral therapy after a needle stick
a.does not affect transmission rate
b.reduces transmission rate by 10%
c.reduces transmission rate by 50%
d.reduces transmission rate by 80%

Question 23

Antiviral therapy success or failure for a patient with HIV is monitored using
a.antibody levels
b.quantitative testing of GP120
c.quantitative testing of CD4+ cell number
d.quantitative testing of viral nucleic acid

Question 24

Acute HIV syndrome occurs when
a.the first opportunistic infections occur
b.the CD4+ cells decrease to less than 200
c.the first virus has infected the first cell in the person
d.flulike symptoms occur during early HIV infection

Question 25

A western blot for HIV that has two lines on it
a.is positive
b.is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight proteins
c.is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight polysaccharides
d.none of the above