Deck 10: The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Question 1

Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?

A)High intakes of white rice
B)Low intakes of whole grains
C)High intakes of unrefined rice
D)Low intakes of enriched grains

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the primary chemical reaction in which thiamin participates as a coenzyme?

A)Transfers amine groups in the synthesis of amino acids
B)Transfers hydrogen atoms in the synthesis of erythrocytes
C)Assists in addition of methyl groups to compounds involved in energy metabolism
D)Assists in removal of one-carbon units from compounds involved in energy metabolism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a general feature of a vitamin?

A)It is inorganic
B)It may contain nitrogen
C)It may be required in large amounts
D)It may support growth but not maintenance

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of

A)folacin.
B)thiamin.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Question 5

Cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect its content of

A)folate.
B)thiamin.
C)vitamin A.
D)riboflavin.

Question 6

Which of the following is a feature of vitamins?

A)Many serve in the role of enzyme inhibitors
B)Structurally,many are found linked together
C)Several may be oxidized to yield 4 kcalories per gram
D)The quantities present in foods are measured in micrograms or milligrams

Question 7

What is a chief function of the B vitamins?

A)Antioxidation
B)Anticoagulation
C)Antibody stabilization
D)Coenzyme participation

Question 8

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

A)Blood coagulation
B)Formation of red blood cells
C)Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
D)Formation of epithelial cell mucopolysaccharides

Question 9

When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs,how does the body treat the excess?

A)Not absorbed
B)Excreted primarily in the urine
C)Excreted primarily in the feces
D)Stored in liver,bone,and adipose tissue

Question 10

What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?

A)The total amount available from plant and animal food
B)The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body
C)The amount that escapes destruction from food processing
D)The number of different chemical forms of the same vitamin

Question 11

Which of the following vitamins would be removed in the production of skim milk?

A)Thiamin
B)Vitamin A
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 12

Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?

A)Thiaminacide
B)Thiamin pyrophosphate
C)Thiamin adenine dinucleotide
D)Thiamin flavin mononucleotide

Question 13

Beriberi results from a deficiency of

A)niacin.
B)thiamin.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the fat-soluble vitamins?

A)Excesses are eliminated by the kidneys
B)Absorption is via the lymphatic circulation
C)Several of them require protein carriers for transport
D)They can be stored in relatively large amounts in certain body tissues

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins?

A)They must be consumed daily
B)Toxic levels in the body are rarely found
C)They are absorbed directly into the blood
D)Excesses are eliminated by the kidneys

Question 16

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?

A)B vitamins are a source of kilocalories
B)Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreased
C)Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported to the cells
D)Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts

Question 17

What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?

A)Bile
B)Kidney
C)Intestine
D)Perspiration

Question 18

Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme?

A)Attaches to RNA to assist in the synthesis of an enzyme
B)Attaches to cell membranes to assist in uptake of an enzyme
C)Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place
D)Attaches to an enzyme,which allows for transport of the enzyme through the circulation

Question 19

What is a precursor?

A)A conditionally essential vitamin
B)A sign or symptom of a vitamin deficiency disorder
C)A substance that is used to synthesize another compound
D)A substance that is recycled through the liver and intestines

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?

A)The coenzyme contains pyrosulfate
B)It is required for regeneration of folate
C)It is required for regeneration of niacin
D)It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane

Question 21

Which of the following is a property of thiamin nutrition?

A)Participates in activation of prothrombin
B)Poor sources include seafood and cheeses
C)Significant amounts are found in leafy vegetables
D)Deficiency results in cheilosis and marked dermatitis

Question 22

Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy transformation reactions?

A)Biotin
B)Cobalamin
C)Riboflavin
D)Pyridoxine

Question 23

What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk?

A)Airtight
B)Cardboard
C)Transparent glass
D)Translucent plastic

Question 24

Which of the following is indicative of a dietary deficiency of riboflavin?

A)Beriberi
B)Diarrhea
C)Keratomalacia
D)Inflamed mouth membranes

Question 25

Of the following,which is the richest food source of thiamin?

A)Lettuce
B)Soy milk
C)Cow milk
D)Refined rice

Question 26

A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth?

A)Biotin
B)Niacin
C)Riboflavin
D)Ascorbic acid

Question 27

Riboflavin in its coenzyme form functions in the transfer of

A)methyl groups.
B)1-carbon units.
C)2-carbon units.
D)hydrogen atoms.

Question 28

Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in

A)meats.
B)grains.
C)vegetables.
D)dairy foods.

Question 29

Approximately what percentage of alcoholics exhibit thiamin deficiency?

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 30

Which of the following contains the highest concentration of thiamin in muscle tissue?

A)Pig
B)Fish
C)Steer
D)Chicken

Question 31

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as

A)pellagra.
B)antiflavonosis.
C)ariboflavinosis.
D)flavin adenine dinucleosis.

Question 32

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to

A)heat.
B)acid.
C)alkali.
D)ultraviolet light.

Question 33

Which of the following food groups ordinarily contains the highest amount of riboflavin when expressed per kcalorie?

A)Dairy
B)Meats
C)Fruits
D)Vegetables

Question 34

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?

A)Folate
B)Biotin
C)Riboflavin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 35

How does the method of cooking affect thiamin stability?

A)Microwaving the food conserves much of the thiamin
B)Prolonged heating of the food has little,if any,effect on the thiamin
C)Boiling the food tends to conserve thiamin by forming a stable,hydrated complex
D)Steaming the food can lead to substantial thiamin loss due to the high heat needed to form the steam

Question 36

Of the following commonly eaten foods,which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?

A)Milk
B)Potatoes
C)Orange juice
D)Peanut butter

Question 37

Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size?

A)Ham
B)Squash
C)Whole milk
D)Whole-grain breads

Question 38

What is ariboflavonosis?

A)The vitamin B₂ deficiency disease
B)Food sources devoid of vitamin B₂
C)Ultraviolet destruction of vitamin B₂
D)Excessive heat destruction of vitamin B₂

Question 39

All of the following are characteristic of thiamin nutrition EXCEPT

A)severe deficiency may lead to edema.
B)severe deficiency may occur without edema.
C)recommended intakes are stated in "equivalents."
D)recommended intakes are based primarily on participation in enzyme activity.

Question 40

The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?

A)Niacin
B)Choline
C)Thiamin
D)Riboflavin

Question 41

Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?

A)Low doses may lead to kidney stones
B)High doses may lower blood cholesterol
C)Low doses may lead to heartburn and low blood pressure
D)High doses may elevate red blood cell count in mildly anemic individuals

Question 42

A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 43

While researching your southern family history,you find that your grandmother had a sister who died fairly young.The symptoms leading up to her death included diarrhea,dermatitis,and dementia.Because the family led a poor,corn-farming existence,you suspect this relative died of

A)scurvy.
B)cancer.
C)pellagra.
D)beriberi.

Question 44

Which of the following substances is found in corn and contributes to the development of pellagra?

A)Avidin
B)Leucine
C)Phytates
D)Phenylalanine

Question 45

What is the approximate niacin RDA for adults?

A)15 mg niacin equivalents
B)30 mg niacin equivalents
C)15 mg tryptophan equivalents
D)30 mg tryptophan equivalents

Question 46

A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems EXCEPT

A)skin.
B)skeletal system.
C)nervous system.
D)gastrointestinal tract.

Question 47

Large doses of nicotinic acid are known to result in all of the following EXCEPT

A)dilation of capillaries.
B)increased HDL cholesterol.
C)lowering of LDL cholesterol.
D)disappearance of learning disorders in children.

Question 48

Which of the following properties is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes?

A)Unstable to irradiation
B)Unstable to metal cooking utensils
C)Acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms
D)Acceptance and transfer of carboxyl groups

Question 49

The vitamin deficiency disease pellagra means

A)"rough skin."
B)"paralyzed limbs."
C)"demented behavior."
D)"flattened erythrocytes."

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra?

A)Diarrhea
B)Dementia
C)Dermatitis
D)Desiccation

Question 51

Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?

A)It is susceptible to destruction in foods exposed to light
B)It participates primarily in reactions involving amino acids
C)It is soluble in both water and lipids depending upon its chemical form
D)It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan

Question 52

What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?

A)Scurvy
B)Pellagra
C)Wet beriberi
D)Pernicious anemia

Question 53

Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral,symmetrical dermatitis,primarily on areas exposed to the sun?

A)Niacin
B)Choline
C)Inositol
D)Riboflavin

Question 54

When taken in large doses,which of the following vitamins is associated with liver injury?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 55

Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize

A)FAD.
B)biotin.
C)niacin.
D)inositol.

Question 56

Which of the following is a property of riboflavin in nutrition?

A)Stability to heat is good
B)Deficiency leads to beriberi
C)Requirements are proportional to body weight
D)Significant amounts are found in citrus products

Question 57

When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein,what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin?

A)Lysine
B)Valine
C)Tryptophan
D)Phenylalanine

Question 58

What term identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?

A)Niacin flush
B)NAD dermatitis
C)Niacin erythrema
D)Bilateral symmetrical dermatitis

Question 59

Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor,who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity.However,she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin.Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?

A)Niacin
B)Biotin
C)Riboflavin
D)Vitamin B₁₂

Question 60

Which of the following overt side effect(s)is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of nicotinic acid?

A)Constipation
B)Mental confusion
C)Painful,tingling,itching sensation
D)Hair loss,bloating,and photophobia

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vitamin B₆ in nutrition?

A)It is stored in muscle tissue
B)It is required in amounts proportional to energy expenditure
C)It can lead to irreversible nerve damage when taken in large doses
D)It functions,in part,in the synthesis of glycine and glutamic acid

Question 62

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized in significant amounts by intestinal bacteria?

A)Folate
B)Biotin
C)Cyanocobalamin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 63

What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?

A)Biotin
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Riboflavin

Question 64

Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscle tissue?

A)Biotin
B)Folate
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 65

All of the following are features of vitamin B₆ metabolism EXCEPT

A)a deficiency or toxicity leads to depression.
B)its destruction and excretion are promoted by alcohol intake.
C)it functions primarily as the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate.
D)it enhances physical performance when supplied at a level of l mg/g of dietary protein.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a form of vitamin B₆?

A)Pyridoxal
B)Pyridoxine
C)Pyrimidine
D)Pyridoxamine

Question 67

What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?

A)Biotin
B)Folate
C)Riboflavin
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 68

Your brother Bob is a competitive body builder.His trainer suggested that he consume 4 egg white omelets per day.Bob remembers a warning about a possible vitamin deficiency from consuming too many egg whites and asks if he should follow the prescribed diet.Your reply to Bob is that he should NOT

A)be concerned as long as he consumes both the yolk and whites of the eggs.
B)follow the diet,since the avidin in the egg whites could bind to niacin and prevent its absorption.
C)follow the diet,since the avidin in the egg whites could bind to biotin and prevent its absorption.
D)be concerned,because,when the eggs are cooked,the avidin protein is denatured,and thus does not pose a problem for deficiency disease.

Question 69

Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?

A)Biotin
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 70

Which of the following is a feature of pantothenic acid in nutrition?

A)Absorption from foods is inhibited by aspirin
B)A deficiency or a toxicity shows similar symptoms
C)Deficiencies are seen primarily in children ages 4-10 years
D)It functions in the metabolism of amino acids,glucose,and fatty acids

Question 71

Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases bioavailability of biotin?

A)Aged wine
B)Aged cheese
C)Raw egg whites
D)Raw cauliflower

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT among the general features of biotin in nutrition?

A)It functions in the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids
B)It functions as a carrier of carbon dioxide in energy metabolism
C)A deficiency can be induced by ingesting large quantities of raw egg whites
D)A deficiency can be induced by ingesting large amounts of thiamin and folic acid,which interfere with its absorption

Question 73

Which of the following is a characteristic of niacin nutrition?

A)In foods,it is more unstable than thiamin and riboflavin
B)The average intake is slightly lower than the RDA in the United States
C)The amount in a serving of whole-wheat bread is about twice that in a serving of peanut butter
D)About half of the daily need for most people could be met by the tryptophan found in protein foods

Question 74

What is the adult Adequate Intake for biotin?

A)3 µg/day
B)30 µg/day
C)3 mg/day
D)30 mg/day

Question 75

Among the following,which would be the best source of niacin equivalents?

A)Milk
B)Broccoli
C)Chicken
D)Strawberries

Question 76

Among the following compounds that serve as coenzymes in metabolism,which is considered a vitamin for human beings?

A)Biotin
B)Inositol
C)Lipoic acid
D)Orotic acid

Question 77

The chief symptoms of early vitamin B₆ deficiency include

A)confusion and depression.
B)muscle cramps and stiffness.
C)profound fatigue and anemia.
D)hyperactivity and shortness of breath.

Question 78

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for vitamin B₆?

A)100 mg/day
B)500 mg/day
C)1000 mg/day
D)10,000 mg/day

Question 79

What is the AI for pantothenic acid for adults?

A)1 mg/day
B)3 mg/day
C)5 mg/day
D)8 mg/day

Question 80

Biotin can be synthesized by

A)avidin.
B)the skin.
C)the liver.
D)intestinal bacteria.